Coral and basalt hi-res stock photography and images

Sand that is mostly a mixture of coral and basalt with some olivine, South Point, Island of Hawaii Stock Photo

RMFKA327–Sand that is mostly a mixture of coral and basalt with some olivine, South Point, Island of Hawaii

Galapagos Lava Lizard (Microlophus albemarlensis) on basalt lava rock in coral beach Stock Photo

RMD2WN94–Galapagos Lava Lizard (Microlophus albemarlensis) on basalt lava rock in coral beach

Coral and basalt sand with olivine, South Point, Island of Hawaii Stock Photo

RM2PGX4NC–Coral and basalt sand with olivine, South Point, Island of Hawaii

Wave in coral and sand shallow lagoon of Pohnpei, Micronesia, Oceania with overgrown Nan Madol prehistoric ruined in the background. Stock Photo

RFR00Y3G–Wave in coral and sand shallow lagoon of Pohnpei, Micronesia, Oceania with overgrown Nan Madol prehistoric ruined in the background.

Basalt boulder on Horseshoe Bay on Keswick Island in the Whitsunday Islands Stock Photo

RMBKNEAA–Basalt boulder on Horseshoe Bay on Keswick Island in the Whitsunday Islands

One of the three massive walls constructed of huge volcanic basalt columns. Nan Madol is the only extant ancient city built on top of a coral reef. In Stock Photo

RM2J9J85A–One of the three massive walls constructed of huge volcanic basalt columns. Nan Madol is the only extant ancient city built on top of a coral reef. In

Saline lake with exposed coral Urvina Bay Isabela Island Galapagos Ecuador Stock Photo

RMAX6N97–Saline lake with exposed coral Urvina Bay Isabela Island Galapagos Ecuador

Intense colours amplified by dust at sunset in Hamedila, Ethiopia. This line of hills is a fossilised coral reef, showing that the Dallol basin was once a shallow sea. Stock Photo

RFFDFMJC–Intense colours amplified by dust at sunset in Hamedila, Ethiopia. This line of hills is a fossilised coral reef, showing that the Dallol basin was once a shallow sea.

(150111) -- ABOARD XIANGYANGHONG 09, Jan. 11, 2015 (Xinhua) -- Photo taken on Jan. 10, 2015 shows a coral on a basalt collected by Jiaolong, China's deep-sea manned submersible, in the southwest Indian Ocean. Jiaolong carried out an exploration mission to study active hydrothermal vent in the southwestern Indian Ocean. (Xinhua/Zhang Xudong)(wyo) Stock Photo

RMEDX18G–(150111) -- ABOARD XIANGYANGHONG 09, Jan. 11, 2015 (Xinhua) -- Photo taken on Jan. 10, 2015 shows a coral on a basalt collected by Jiaolong, China's deep-sea manned submersible, in the southwest Indian Ocean. Jiaolong carried out an exploration mission to study active hydrothermal vent in the southwestern Indian Ocean. (Xinhua/Zhang Xudong)(wyo)

Rock intertidal zone at Barolin Rocks, Woongarra Marine Park, Queensland Stock Photo

RF2AR053J–Rock intertidal zone at Barolin Rocks, Woongarra Marine Park, Queensland

various specimens on natural mineral rocks isolated - larimar, turquoise, rock crystal, basalt, narsarsukite, coral, limestone, chalcopyrite, vesuvian Stock Photo

RFJR7165–various specimens on natural mineral rocks isolated - larimar, turquoise, rock crystal, basalt, narsarsukite, coral, limestone, chalcopyrite, vesuvian

Little yellow stone in the dry ground. Stock Photo

RFWAWF4P–Little yellow stone in the dry ground.

Coral sand beach on Santa Fe with black basalt lava and Daphne in the background Stock Photo

RMAYCBJH–Coral sand beach on Santa Fe with black basalt lava and Daphne in the background

Photo taken on Jan. 10, 2015 shows a coral on a basalt collected by Jiaolong, China s deep-sea manned submersible, in the southwest Indian Ocean. Jiaolong carried out an exploration mission to study active hydrothermal vent in the southwestern Indian Ocean. )(wyo) INDIAN OCEAN-CHINA-JIAOLONG-EXPLORATION ZhangxXudong PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN Photo Taken ON Jan 10 2015 Shows a Coral ON a Basalt collected by Jiaolong China S Deep Sea Manned submersible in The Southwest Indian Ocean Jiaolong carried out to Exploration Mission to Study Active Hydrothermal Vent in The South Western Indian Ocean Ind Stock Photo

RM2RN1MWW–Photo taken on Jan. 10, 2015 shows a coral on a basalt collected by Jiaolong, China s deep-sea manned submersible, in the southwest Indian Ocean. Jiaolong carried out an exploration mission to study active hydrothermal vent in the southwestern Indian Ocean. )(wyo) INDIAN OCEAN-CHINA-JIAOLONG-EXPLORATION ZhangxXudong PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN Photo Taken ON Jan 10 2015 Shows a Coral ON a Basalt collected by Jiaolong China S Deep Sea Manned submersible in The Southwest Indian Ocean Jiaolong carried out to Exploration Mission to Study Active Hydrothermal Vent in The South Western Indian Ocean Ind

Conch Shell on the basalt rock in Jeju Isalnd, Korea Stock Photo

RFKD48N7–Conch Shell on the basalt rock in Jeju Isalnd, Korea

USA, Hawaii Islands, Moloka'i, 'Ualapu'e Fishpond, walls of basalt rock and coral forming a semicircular enclosures from shoreline Stock Photo

RMPFPFFR–USA, Hawaii Islands, Moloka'i, 'Ualapu'e Fishpond, walls of basalt rock and coral forming a semicircular enclosures from shoreline

Turquoise clean lagoons protected by coral reefs of Le Morne peninsula with basalt mount on Mauritius island. Also a wonderful kiteboarding and windsu Stock Photo

RF2M8CX6M–Turquoise clean lagoons protected by coral reefs of Le Morne peninsula with basalt mount on Mauritius island. Also a wonderful kiteboarding and windsu

Montaña Clara (at left) and Alegranza Islands seen from Baja del Coral beach, La Graciosa Island. Las Palmas province, Canary Islands, Spain. Stock Photo

RF2RGKT93–Montaña Clara (at left) and Alegranza Islands seen from Baja del Coral beach, La Graciosa Island. Las Palmas province, Canary Islands, Spain.

Turquoise lagoon protected with coral reefs on Le Morne peninsula with basalt mount on Mauritius island. Also wonderful kiteboarding and windsurfing s Stock Photo

RF2MDWN79–Turquoise lagoon protected with coral reefs on Le Morne peninsula with basalt mount on Mauritius island. Also wonderful kiteboarding and windsurfing s

Orchid flower, coral beads and a burning candle on a black background Stock Photo

RFD45G00–Orchid flower, coral beads and a burning candle on a black background

The volcanic rock or Giant Causeway near the canaries island has many beautiful coral reef underneath Stock Photo

RFW5GC6D–The volcanic rock or Giant Causeway near the canaries island has many beautiful coral reef underneath

Beautiful cliffs and basalt rocks in Andaman sea, amazing in Thailand Stock Photo

RFJ4J4WH–Beautiful cliffs and basalt rocks in Andaman sea, amazing in Thailand

A channel and town walls in Nan Madol - prehistoric ruined stone city built of basalt slabs. Ancient walls were built on coral artificial islands in the lagoon of Pohnpei, Micronesia, Oceania Stock Photo

RFPYYEN5–A channel and town walls in Nan Madol - prehistoric ruined stone city built of basalt slabs. Ancient walls were built on coral artificial islands in the lagoon of Pohnpei, Micronesia, Oceania

RF2C2C0A2–Beautiful cliffs and basalt rocks in Andaman sea, amazing in Thailand

The Giants causeway in Ireland, these are some big natural basalt columns. Stock Photo

RFT7E826–The Giants causeway in Ireland, these are some big natural basalt columns.

Composition with spa stones, candle, coral and star fish, isolated on white Stock Photo

RF2BGCCMD–Composition with spa stones, candle, coral and star fish, isolated on white

249 Facade of the Teatri Andon Zako Cajupi decorated with the masks of Tragedy and Comedy and 160 more as the audience. Korca-Albania. Stock Photo

RF2WDAGF3–249 Facade of the Teatri Andon Zako Cajupi decorated with the masks of Tragedy and Comedy and 160 more as the audience. Korca-Albania.

'Underwater Waterfall' famous landmark on Mauritius island near Le Morne peninsula with basalt mount. Also a wonderful kiteboarding and windsurfing sp Stock Photo

RF2M98P4N–'Underwater Waterfall' famous landmark on Mauritius island near Le Morne peninsula with basalt mount. Also a wonderful kiteboarding and windsurfing sp

RF2AR053C–Rock intertidal zone at Barolin Rocks, Woongarra Marine Park, Queensland

various samples on natural mineral rocks isolated - larimar, turquoise, rock crystal, basalt, narsarsukite, coral, limestone, chalcopyrite, vesuvianit Stock Photo

RFJR7154–various samples on natural mineral rocks isolated - larimar, turquoise, rock crystal, basalt, narsarsukite, coral, limestone, chalcopyrite, vesuvianit

Rock pool exposed on rock shelf at low tide. Barolin Rocks, Woongarra Marine Park, Burnett Coast Queensland Australia Stock Photo

RF2AWB40Y–Rock pool exposed on rock shelf at low tide. Barolin Rocks, Woongarra Marine Park, Burnett Coast Queensland Australia

Pink facade-two story townhouse-green door and windows-Old Town-Vila Adentro. Faro-Portugal-125 Stock Photo

RF2HTFNGP–Pink facade-two story townhouse-green door and windows-Old Town-Vila Adentro. Faro-Portugal-125

Waves coming a shore on the Island of Molokai Hawaii Stock Photo

RMAGNDKD–Waves coming a shore on the Island of Molokai Hawaii

Conch Shell and starfish on the basalt rock in Jeju Isalnd, Korea Stock Photo

RFKD48JX–Conch Shell and starfish on the basalt rock in Jeju Isalnd, Korea

Collage of colorful sand samples Stock Photo

RFCTFBK8–Collage of colorful sand samples

Heavilly eroded marine cliffs detail of fructured texture in warm natural light Stock Photo

RFMNPMFG–Heavilly eroded marine cliffs detail of fructured texture in warm natural light

RF2RPPGHE–Montaña Clara (at left) and Alegranza Islands seen from Baja del Coral beach, La Graciosa Island. Las Palmas province, Canary Islands, Spain.

Red rocks of Arbatax (Sardinia,Italy) Stock Photo

RFC5X12H–Red rocks of Arbatax (Sardinia,Italy)

Low tide reveals this sea anemone among the pools of Oregon’s Smelt Sands State Park at Yachats. Stock Photo

RMC5J1D8–Low tide reveals this sea anemone among the pools of Oregon’s Smelt Sands State Park at Yachats.

RFW5GC06–The volcanic rock or Giant Causeway near the canaries island has many beautiful coral reef underneath

RFJ4J4TX–Beautiful cliffs and basalt rocks in Andaman sea, amazing in Thailand

RFPYYERP–A channel and town walls in Nan Madol - prehistoric ruined stone city built of basalt slabs. Ancient walls were built on coral artificial islands in the lagoon of Pohnpei, Micronesia, Oceania

RF2C2C0A1–Beautiful cliffs and basalt rocks in Andaman sea, amazing in Thailand

RFPYYEPD–A channel and town walls in Nan Madol - prehistoric ruined stone city built of basalt slabs. Ancient walls were built on coral artificial islands in the lagoon of Pohnpei, Micronesia, Oceania

RF2BGCCMF–Composition with spa stones, candle, coral and star fish, isolated on white

Evening low tide reveals this pool of sea anemones at Oregon’s Smelt Sands State Park and the coastal town of Yachats. Stock Photo

RMC5J1BR–Evening low tide reveals this pool of sea anemones at Oregon’s Smelt Sands State Park and the coastal town of Yachats.

Penghu, Taiwan 21 June 2022: Sea turtle art decoration in Nanliao Ancient House of Penghu in taiwan Stock Photo

RF2PREY4D–Penghu, Taiwan 21 June 2022: Sea turtle art decoration in Nanliao Ancient House of Penghu in taiwan

group of Ascidians tetium tuberous , mussel warming and starfish in the deep coldwater Stock Photo

RFHPKXXC–group of Ascidians tetium tuberous , mussel warming and starfish in the deep coldwater

RF2X9DTMH–

RF2AWB3YN–Rock pool exposed on rock shelf at low tide. Barolin Rocks, Woongarra Marine Park, Burnett Coast Queensland Australia

stones on the sea beach washed by the waves on a sunny summer day Stock Photo

RFW1W58R–stones on the sea beach washed by the waves on a sunny summer day

Chile, Easter Island, Statue Ahu Ko Te Riku under moon glow Stock Photo

RMCNM75B–Chile, Easter Island, Statue Ahu Ko Te Riku under moon glow

RFKD48JY–Conch Shell and starfish on the basalt rock in Jeju Isalnd, Korea

Rock formation in calm sea water. Unique rock structure in ocean Stock Photo

RF2X9HMR2–Rock formation in calm sea water. Unique rock structure in ocean

Surface of heavilly eroded marine cliff rock in brown-grey colours Stock Photo

RFMNPMG4–Surface of heavilly eroded marine cliff rock in brown-grey colours

Unbelievable seascape of Reynisdrangar cliffs in the Atlantic ocean. Fantastic summer morning on south Iceland, Vik village location, Europe. Beauty Stock Photo

RFW39XMJ–Unbelievable seascape of Reynisdrangar cliffs in the Atlantic ocean. Fantastic summer morning on south Iceland, Vik village location, Europe. Beauty

Vesicular, porous, marble texture. Volcanic white rock background, coral-textured, decorative stones Stock Photo

RF2REKHTB–Vesicular, porous, marble texture. Volcanic white rock background, coral-textured, decorative stones

various samples on natural mineral rocks isolated Stock Photo

RFR5JDG5–various samples on natural mineral rocks isolated

RFW5GC14–The volcanic rock or Giant Causeway near the canaries island has many beautiful coral reef underneath

Cave in the coastal rock. Coastal erosion caused by waves Stock Photo

RF2XCN7M7–Cave in the coastal rock. Coastal erosion caused by waves

set of various tumbled red stones with names cutout on white background Stock Photo

RF2HBCB0E–set of various tumbled red stones with names cutout on white background

. Precious stones, a popular account of their characters, occurrence and applications, with an introduction to their determination, for mineralogists, lapidaries, jewellers, etc. With an appendix on pearls and coral. Precious stones; Pearls; Corals. 276 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF PRECIOUS STONES the nature of basalt, which is the principal, if not the sole, constituent of the hill ranges. The gem-gravels are made up of fragments of this rock, and the separating layer of tenacioUvS grey, brown, or yellow clay is also, in all probability, a decomposition product of. rs Â«9 CART ROAOa ^'^- PATHS' Stock Photo

RMRDAB39–. Precious stones, a popular account of their characters, occurrence and applications, with an introduction to their determination, for mineralogists, lapidaries, jewellers, etc. With an appendix on pearls and coral. Precious stones; Pearls; Corals. 276 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF PRECIOUS STONES the nature of basalt, which is the principal, if not the sole, constituent of the hill ranges. The gem-gravels are made up of fragments of this rock, and the separating layer of tenacioUvS grey, brown, or yellow clay is also, in all probability, a decomposition product of. rs Â«9 CART ROAOa ^'^- PATHS'

RMPFYF58–. Precious stones, a popular account of their characters, occurrence and applications, with an introduction to their determination, for mineralogists, lapidaries, jewellers, etc. With an appendix on pearls and coral. Precious stones; Pearls; Corals. 276 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF PRECIOUS STONES the nature of basalt, which is the principal, if not the sole, constituent of the hill ranges. The gem-gravels are made up of fragments of this rock, and the separating layer of tenacioUvS grey, brown, or yellow clay is also, in all probability, a decomposition product of. rs Â«9 CART ROAOa ^'^- PATHS'

RF2BGCCMK–Composition with spa stones, candle, coral and star fish, isolated on white

RMC5J1BG–Evening low tide reveals this pool of sea anemones at Oregon’s Smelt Sands State Park and the coastal town of Yachats.

RF2PT3DB4–Penghu, Taiwan 21 June 2022: Sea turtle art decoration in Nanliao Ancient House of Penghu in taiwan

RF2X9DTNM–

RF2AWB40R–Rock pool exposed on rock shelf at low tide. Barolin Rocks, Woongarra Marine Park, Burnett Coast Queensland Australia

Waves breaking against rocky shoreline of Barolin Rocks, Woongara Marine Park Stock Photo

RF2AR053P–Waves breaking against rocky shoreline of Barolin Rocks, Woongara Marine Park

RFKD48N6–Conch Shell on the basalt rock in Jeju Isalnd, Korea

Thatch screwpine (Pandanus odoratissimus), growing on a stony beach at Barolin Rocks, Woongarra Marine Park. Stock Photo

RF2AR053W–Thatch screwpine (Pandanus odoratissimus), growing on a stony beach at Barolin Rocks, Woongarra Marine Park.

RFMNPMGA–Surface of heavilly eroded marine cliff rock in brown-grey colours

various specimens on natural mineral rocks Stock Photo

RFR5JDGD–various specimens on natural mineral rocks

RFW5GC0H–The volcanic rock or Giant Causeway near the canaries island has many beautiful coral reef underneath

. The Earth beneath the sea : History. Ocean bottom; Marine geophysics. 208 BtTLLARD AND MASON [chap. 10 this bank has yielded a variety of metamor|)hic and sedimentary rocks; many of these are erratics, but it is beheved that some of the Hmestones are in place and it seems probable that the bank is to be regarded as a part of the continent separated from the mainland by faulting. Islands with great thicknesses of coral also show less marked anomalies than those composed throughout of basalt. Fig. 25 shows a map of Eniwetok Island which has a range of anomaly of only a few hundred gammas. It i Stock Photo

RMRE95R4–. The Earth beneath the sea : History. Ocean bottom; Marine geophysics. 208 BtTLLARD AND MASON [chap. 10 this bank has yielded a variety of metamor|)hic and sedimentary rocks; many of these are erratics, but it is beheved that some of the Hmestones are in place and it seems probable that the bank is to be regarded as a part of the continent separated from the mainland by faulting. Islands with great thicknesses of coral also show less marked anomalies than those composed throughout of basalt. Fig. 25 shows a map of Eniwetok Island which has a range of anomaly of only a few hundred gammas. It i

RF2BGCCMR–Composition with spa stones, candle, coral and star fish, isolated on white

RF2PTBYD8–Penghu, Taiwan 21 June 2022: Sea turtle art decoration in Nanliao Ancient House of Penghu in taiwan

RFMNPMGT–Surface of heavilly eroded marine cliff rock in brown-grey colours

. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. :*<' Fig. 33 Onetahi Islet, partially restored marae in coconut plantation, near airstrip. MHS, 1983 Fig. 34 Onetahi Islet, basalt round cobbles brought from Tahiti by aboriginal inhabitants for use in cooking oven. MHS, 1973. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Smithsonian Institution. Press; National Research Council (U. S. Stock Photo

RMRJY35T–. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. :*<' Fig. 33 Onetahi Islet, partially restored marae in coconut plantation, near airstrip. MHS, 1983 Fig. 34 Onetahi Islet, basalt round cobbles brought from Tahiti by aboriginal inhabitants for use in cooking oven. MHS, 1973. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Smithsonian Institution. Press; National Research Council (U. S.

RF2BGCCMG–Composition with spa stones, candle, coral and star fish, isolated on white

Surface of heavilly eroded marine cliff rock in grey colours Stock Photo

RFMNPMHJ–Surface of heavilly eroded marine cliff rock in grey colours

RMRJY352–. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. :*<' Fig. 33 Onetahi Islet, partially restored marae in coconut plantation, near airstrip. MHS, 1983 Fig. 34 Onetahi Islet, basalt round cobbles brought from Tahiti by aboriginal inhabitants for use in cooking oven. MHS, 1973. Z.:.-*. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Smithsonian Institution. Press; National Research Counci

RF2BGCCN7–Composition with spa stones, candle, coral and star fish, isolated on white

RFMNPMGW–Surface of heavilly eroded marine cliff rock in brown-grey colours

. The Australian Museum magazine. Natural history. 34 THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM MAGAZINE. profusion, some digging channels for their seclusion in the coral-limestone, jr even in the hard basalt, others lying hid- den in sand with only the tips of their hair-like spines protruding, ready to penetrate the flesh of an incautious. Sea-eggs. Photo—E. R. Waits. enemy or an unwary wader. Still otliers gather unto themselves scraps of sea- weed and other debris with which more or less inadequate covering they wan- der freely about the coral floor, secure rather by reason of their spiny armour than by the Stock Photo

RMRJRHTX–. The Australian Museum magazine. Natural history. 34 THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM MAGAZINE. profusion, some digging channels for their seclusion in the coral-limestone, jr even in the hard basalt, others lying hid- den in sand with only the tips of their hair-like spines protruding, ready to penetrate the flesh of an incautious. Sea-eggs. Photo—E. R. Waits. enemy or an unwary wader. Still otliers gather unto themselves scraps of sea- weed and other debris with which more or less inadequate covering they wan- der freely about the coral floor, secure rather by reason of their spiny armour than by the

RF2BGCCMX–Composition with spa stones, candle, coral and star fish, isolated on white

RFMNPMGM–Surface of heavilly eroded marine cliff rock in brown-grey colours

. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. 18 (Tertiary g) sediments overlying 52 feet of basalt. In order to drill the Reef hole, a site was prepared about 80 yards inside the northern reef where the lagoon floor was eight feet deep at high tide. The drill and all the necessary equipment were positioned in a Navy barge, which was towed to the site and sunk (Fig. 17). The drill tower when raised was guyed to nearby coral heads and to the "Reef Hotel," an abandoned loran station on pilings in the lagoon. Drill crews and geologists had to be br Stock Photo

RMRJY33R–. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. 18 (Tertiary g) sediments overlying 52 feet of basalt. In order to drill the Reef hole, a site was prepared about 80 yards inside the northern reef where the lagoon floor was eight feet deep at high tide. The drill and all the necessary equipment were positioned in a Navy barge, which was towed to the site and sunk (Fig. 17). The drill tower when raised was guyed to nearby coral heads and to the "Reef Hotel," an abandoned loran station on pilings in the lagoon. Drill crews and geologists had to be br

RF2BGCCN6–Composition with spa stones, candle, coral and star fish, isolated on white

RFMNPMHH–Surface of heavilly eroded marine cliff rock in brown-grey colours

. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. â¢* â % :â. 1 Leeward side of Cocos Island showing the lush vegetation and one of many waterfalls. 2 Low intertidal zone in Bahia de Wafer. Note Porolithon and/or Lithophyllum spp. on the rocks. 3 Intertidal zonation on a vertical wall, leeward side of Cocos Island. The lichen-covered basalt is followed below by the dark encrusting alga Hildenbrandia or Petrocelis (?). A veneer of Porolithon and/or Lithophyllum spp. is covered by dense aggregations of Tetraclita stalactifera at the lowest level.. Please note t Stock Photo

RMRJY6JF–. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. â¢* â % :â. 1 Leeward side of Cocos Island showing the lush vegetation and one of many waterfalls. 2 Low intertidal zone in Bahia de Wafer. Note Porolithon and/or Lithophyllum spp. on the rocks. 3 Intertidal zonation on a vertical wall, leeward side of Cocos Island. The lichen-covered basalt is followed below by the dark encrusting alga Hildenbrandia or Petrocelis (?). A veneer of Porolithon and/or Lithophyllum spp. is covered by dense aggregations of Tetraclita stalactifera at the lowest level.. Please note t