. Transactions . inal, this device releases the knot or VAKIOUS TYPES OF KOPEWAYS. 365 obstacle formed in the hauling-rope, a lever attached to it being operatedby a suitable striking-bar. A better arrangement however is that of aclip by means of which the hauling-rope is held simply by pressure result-ing from the operation of wedges acting on inclines. This arrangementis certainly far superior to any device of knot or sleeve-attachment to thehauling-rope. and gives better results in the working of the rope. Wherethe inclines are only slight, simple pressure has been used by pressing twopulle
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. Transactions . inal, this device releases the knot or VAKIOUS TYPES OF KOPEWAYS. 365 obstacle formed in the hauling-rope, a lever attached to it being operatedby a suitable striking-bar. A better arrangement however is that of aclip by means of which the hauling-rope is held simply by pressure result-ing from the operation of wedges acting on inclines. This arrangementis certainly far superior to any device of knot or sleeve-attachment to thehauling-rope. and gives better results in the working of the rope. Wherethe inclines are only slight, simple pressure has been used by pressing twopulleys or plane surfaces together on each side of the hauling-rope. Thissystem has answered sufficiently well where the pull on the hauling-ropeis slight. In other respects this type of line has shunt-rails, supports, driving and tightening-gears in common with the first-named type. A line of this class erected in the East, with an incline of 1 in 1^, is worked over a distance of 1 mile, carrying about 100 tons per day. Fig. 2. (Fig. 2.) The power generated by this falling load is absorbed at theupper terminal by a device similar to the Froude break, which has anadjustment, by means of which the speed may be regulated to a nicety, and in conjunction with a small break enables the line to be stoppedwith ease at any moment. The author, in 1875, built a line in the Apennines for the carriageof timber, in which loads of 30 cwts. are transported over a length of 2^miles, over an average gradient of 1 in 5, there being a number of longspans, the maximum of which is over 2, 000 feet between supports. These are only examples of a number of lines which might be men-tioned, but the object of the author is not to enumerate the work thathe has carried out, but to mention special examples which illustratehis argument as to the selection of the proper type of tramway for each situation. 30 366 VARIOUS TYPES OP ROPEWAYS. (4) Single Fixed Ropes.—The fourth type or single fixed rope withone carrier i