. Copper and copper base alloys : the physical and mechanical properties of copper and its commercial alloys in wrought form. Copper; Copper alloys. The Tin Brasses 133 so that the delta or eutectoid phase, which may be pro- duced during solidification of the casting, may be absorbed. The presence of this phase produces "hot shortness" and causes cracking. In Table 4 on page 144 are given the important physical properties and general mechanical properties of admiralty-metal tube, sheet, and strip.. Fig. 1.—Hot-rolled Roman-bronze shafting rod (longitudinal section). Etchant NHiOH -|-
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. Copper and copper base alloys : the physical and mechanical properties of copper and its commercial alloys in wrought form. Copper; Copper alloys. The Tin Brasses 133 so that the delta or eutectoid phase, which may be pro- duced during solidification of the casting, may be absorbed. The presence of this phase produces "hot shortness" and causes cracking. In Table 4 on page 144 are given the important physical properties and general mechanical properties of admiralty-metal tube, sheet, and strip.. Fig. 1.—Hot-rolled Roman-bronze shafting rod (longitudinal section). Etchant NHiOH -|- H2O2. 75 X Naval brass is a generic term for those alloys contain- ing 60 per cent of copper, 1 per cent of tin, and 39 per cent of zinc. When prepared from materials of especially high purity and fabricated by hot rolling rather than extrusion, an increase in resistance to corrosion fatigue is effected, and the alloy is ordinarily offered under various trade names, the best known of which are Tobin bronze, Roman bronze, and Chamet bronze. In apphcations involving resistance to corrosion fatigue, such as marine shafting, it has been established that hot-rolled non-ferrous metals have a much higher endurance limit in fatigue than the same alloys produced by the extrusion process. Hot rolling produces a fine- grained uniform structure, while the extruded structure tends to be coarse and non-uniform. Figures 1 and 2 show typical structures of hot-rolled Roman Bronze rod and extruded naval brass. These hot-rolled bronzes are widely used for marine shafting and similar applications where good resistance to fatigue is required and naval brass for those applica- tions where comparable corrosion resistance and struc-: tural strength are necessary but where resistance to fatigue is not a vital factor. Naval brass is extensively used in the manufacture of heat exchangers for tube sheets and plates. It is common commercial practice to add lead to the naval brasses to improve their mach