Operative gynecology : . iL-.Pouparts si lig- ??-•Ext. ring Round lig.Fig. 17.—Abdominal Muscles, the Skin and Fat Reflected Back Showing the External Oblique,the Semilunar Line, and the Fascia Covering the Rectus on the Left Side. On the RightSide the External Oblique is Reflected Upward Showing the Internal Oblique. ThePyramidalis is Seen Lying within the Right Rectus Sheath. down to the semilunar fold of Douglas, which lies at a point about 3 cm.below the umbilicus. Below this point the thin tissue allows the convolu-tions of the intestines to be seen through the fascia and peritoneum. The
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Operative gynecology : . iL-.Pouparts si lig- ??-•Ext. ring Round lig.Fig. 17.—Abdominal Muscles, the Skin and Fat Reflected Back Showing the External Oblique, the Semilunar Line, and the Fascia Covering the Rectus on the Left Side. On the RightSide the External Oblique is Reflected Upward Showing the Internal Oblique. ThePyramidalis is Seen Lying within the Right Rectus Sheath. down to the semilunar fold of Douglas, which lies at a point about 3 cm.below the umbilicus. Below this point the thin tissue allows the convolu-tions of the intestines to be seen through the fascia and peritoneum. The THE ABDOMINAL MUSCLES. 53 abdominal wall below the semilunar line owes the thinness of its fascia, pos-terior to the rectus, to the passing of the transversalis fascia in front of therectus below the semilunar line. Fiffs. 19 and 20. The scheme of the relations of the muscles and fascia ofthe abdominal walls as they are seen in transverse section has been made accord- Sheath of rectus(anterior lamella).. Pyramidalis Fig. 18.—On the Left the Internal Oblique is Reflected, together with the External Obliqueand the Sheath of the Rectus, in order to Show the Transversalis Muscle and the LeftRectus. On Dividing the Rectus in the Middle, as shown on the Right Side, the Tendi-nous Posterior Sheath is Seen above, Ending at the Semilunar Line below the Umbilicus. 54 TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY. ing to Braime. Fig. 19 shows the section of the walls above the semilunarfolds of Douglas, and Fig. 20 shows the section below the folds of Douglas.Both pictures exhibit the relations of the oval recti to the transverse and theinternal and external oblique muscles. In the section above the folds of Douglas, Fig. 19, it is important to noticethe relation of the aponeurosis, indicated by the white spaces between the External obliqueInternal oblique Rectus abdominalis Linea alba
