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. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ing screwsd and / of the pivots. When the piston is at the end of its course ineither direction, the cylinder will be truly vertical. In this position thepiston is momentarily at rest, and both induction and eduction valvesshould be closed. Accordingly the dispo-sition of the parts is such that, when thecylinder is vertical, the openings by whichthe channels j j communicate with thesupply and discharge pipes present them-selves exactly opposite to the solid sectordividing h from i. In the next momentthe flow Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-ing-screwsd-and-of-the-pivots-when-the-piston-is-at-the-end-of-its-course-ineither-direction-the-cylinder-will-be-truly-vertical-in-this-position-thepiston-is-momentarily-at-rest-and-both-induction-and-eduction-valvesshould-be-closed-accordingly-the-dispo-sition-of-the-parts-is-such-that-when-thecylinder-is-vertical-the-openings-by-whichthe-channels-j-j-communicate-with-thesupply-and-discharge-pipes-present-them-selves-exactly-opposite-to-the-solid-sectordividing-h-from-i-in-the-next-momentthe-flow-image337154346.htmlRM2AGEKPJ–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ing screwsd and / of the pivots. When the piston is at the end of its course ineither direction, the cylinder will be truly vertical. In this position thepiston is momentarily at rest, and both induction and eduction valvesshould be closed. Accordingly the dispo-sition of the parts is such that, when thecylinder is vertical, the openings by whichthe channels j j communicate with thesupply and discharge pipes present them-selves exactly opposite to the solid sectordividing h from i. In the next momentthe flow
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ally, like the last, as a feeder and ameter, cannot be well described without the assistance of a diagram. Itis shown in section in the accompanying figure 76. In the interior of thevessel are seen two floats, a large one D and a smaller one D. Thefloat D, in the condition of things shown, is maintained in its position,notwithstanding the rising of the level of the water, by the lever E, towhich it is attached, and which is checked by the catch at the heel ofthe lever E, which detains it at the point I. Thes Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-ally-like-the-last-as-a-feeder-and-ameter-cannot-be-well-described-without-the-assistance-of-a-diagram-itis-shown-in-section-in-the-accompanying-figure-76-in-the-interior-of-thevessel-are-seen-two-floats-a-large-one-d-and-a-smaller-one-d-thefloat-d-in-the-condition-of-things-shown-is-maintained-in-its-positionnotwithstanding-the-rising-of-the-level-of-the-water-by-the-lever-e-towhich-it-is-attached-and-which-is-checked-by-the-catch-at-the-heel-ofthe-lever-e-which-detains-it-at-the-point-i-thes-image337141503.htmlRM2AGE3BY–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ally, like the last, as a feeder and ameter, cannot be well described without the assistance of a diagram. Itis shown in section in the accompanying figure 76. In the interior of thevessel are seen two floats, a large one D and a smaller one D. Thefloat D, in the condition of things shown, is maintained in its position,notwithstanding the rising of the level of the water, by the lever E, towhich it is attached, and which is checked by the catch at the heel ofthe lever E, which detains it at the point I. Thes
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. containing water to be frozen.Fig. 86. Ihe water chambers are sim- ply open spaces convenientlyenclosed between thin metalplates, partitions, pipes, &c,which together form chan-nels in which a cold liquid orvapor is made to circulate incontact with the plates ofthe water chambers, and tofreeze through them. Theannexed drawing, Fig. 86.sufficiently explains Twin-ings patent.1 The cylindera a a is a pump which ex-hausts, or draws in throughits valves and pipe on theside e e e, and compressesor forces out on th Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-containing-water-to-be-frozenfig-86-ihe-water-chambers-are-sim-ply-open-spaces-convenientlyenclosed-between-thin-metalplates-partitions-pipes-cwhich-together-form-chan-nels-in-which-a-cold-liquid-orvapor-is-made-to-circulate-incontact-with-the-plates-ofthe-water-chambers-and-tofreeze-through-them-theannexed-drawing-fig-86sufficiently-explains-twin-ings-patent1-the-cylindera-a-a-is-a-pump-which-ex-hausts-or-draws-in-throughits-valves-and-pipe-on-theside-e-e-e-and-compressesor-forces-out-on-th-image337137983.htmlRM2AGDXX7–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. containing water to be frozen.Fig. 86. Ihe water chambers are sim- ply open spaces convenientlyenclosed between thin metalplates, partitions, pipes, &c,which together form chan-nels in which a cold liquid orvapor is made to circulate incontact with the plates ofthe water chambers, and tofreeze through them. Theannexed drawing, Fig. 86.sufficiently explains Twin-ings patent.1 The cylindera a a is a pump which ex-hausts, or draws in throughits valves and pipe on theside e e e, and compressesor forces out on th
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ich a representation isherewith given, Fig. 87 consists essentially of a pair of soft iron plates ofabout twelve inches by twenty-four, and half an inch thick, wrapped withinsulated wire about one-tenth of an inch in diameter to the depth offour layers. These plates are placed horizontally, one over the other,and have at each of their extremities a revolving armature. These arm-atures are of the form originally proposed by Mr. Werner Siemens, ofBerlin, in 1857, being cylinders of soft iron deeply grooved in Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-ich-a-representation-isherewith-given-fig-87-consists-essentially-of-a-pair-of-soft-iron-plates-ofabout-twelve-inches-by-twenty-four-and-half-an-inch-thick-wrapped-withinsulated-wire-about-one-tenth-of-an-inch-in-diameter-to-the-depth-offour-layers-these-plates-are-placed-horizontally-one-over-the-otherand-have-at-each-of-their-extremities-a-revolving-armature-these-arm-atures-are-of-the-form-originally-proposed-by-mr-werner-siemens-ofberlin-in-1857-being-cylinders-of-soft-iron-deeply-grooved-in-image337137400.htmlRM2AGDX5C–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ich a representation isherewith given, Fig. 87 consists essentially of a pair of soft iron plates ofabout twelve inches by twenty-four, and half an inch thick, wrapped withinsulated wire about one-tenth of an inch in diameter to the depth offour layers. These plates are placed horizontally, one over the other,and have at each of their extremities a revolving armature. These arm-atures are of the form originally proposed by Mr. Werner Siemens, ofBerlin, in 1857, being cylinders of soft iron deeply grooved in
![. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. If wm ll ] , • , 1. I PLATE IV Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AGCYXT/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-if-wm-ll-1-i-plate-iv-2AGCYXT.jpg ". Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. If wm ll ] , • , 1. I PLATE IV Stock Photo")
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. If wm ll ] , • , 1. I PLATE IV Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-if-wm-ll-1-i-plate-iv-image337116832.htmlRM2AGCYXT–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. If wm ll ] , • , 1. I PLATE IV
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . cro.ss-piece. The black part of the rim is made ofsteel, the lighter part of brass, and being firmly fastenedtogether a result is obtained that causes the balance tomaintain the same speed whether the temperature is hot orcold. As the usual vibration of a balance-wheel is at therate of eighteen thousand an hour, it can be seen that aslight expansion of the rim by heat would slow down thewatch materially, while exposure to cold would make it 28* 344 WONDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. ruu fast Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-cross-piece-the-black-part-of-the-rim-is-made-ofsteel-the-lighter-part-of-brass-and-being-firmly-fastenedtogether-a-result-is-obtained-that-causes-the-balance-tomaintain-the-same-speed-whether-the-temperature-is-hot-orcold-as-the-usual-vibration-of-a-balance-wheel-is-at-therate-of-eighteen-thousand-an-hour-it-can-be-seen-that-aslight-expansion-of-the-rim-by-heat-would-slow-down-thewatch-materially-while-exposure-to-cold-would-make-it-28-344-wonders-of-modern-mechanism-ruu-fast-image340261075.htmlRM2ANG6D7–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . cro.ss-piece. The black part of the rim is made ofsteel, the lighter part of brass, and being firmly fastenedtogether a result is obtained that causes the balance tomaintain the same speed whether the temperature is hot orcold. As the usual vibration of a balance-wheel is at therate of eighteen thousand an hour, it can be seen that aslight expansion of the rim by heat would slow down thewatch materially, while exposure to cold would make it 28* 344 WONDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. ruu fast
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . are made either of selected hickory or of bar steelrolled to the desired thinness and brought to a curve byrunning between grooved rollers. The ends are sometimesunited by brazing, but the latest and preferred method iselectric welding. This unites the ends so perfectly thatthe place of junction is lost so as to be afterwards unob-servable. The machine used crowds the opposed endstogether, while an electric current heats the parts to awelding temperature. A most ingenious macliine has Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-are-made-either-of-selected-hickory-or-of-bar-steelrolled-to-the-desired-thinness-and-brought-to-a-curve-byrunning-between-grooved-rollers-the-ends-are-sometimesunited-by-brazing-but-the-latest-and-preferred-method-iselectric-welding-this-unites-the-ends-so-perfectly-thatthe-place-of-junction-is-lost-so-as-to-be-afterwards-unob-servable-the-machine-used-crowds-the-opposed-endstogether-while-an-electric-current-heats-the-parts-to-awelding-temperature-a-most-ingenious-macliine-has-image340289911.htmlRM2ANHF73–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . are made either of selected hickory or of bar steelrolled to the desired thinness and brought to a curve byrunning between grooved rollers. The ends are sometimesunited by brazing, but the latest and preferred method iselectric welding. This unites the ends so perfectly thatthe place of junction is lost so as to be afterwards unob-servable. The machine used crowds the opposed endstogether, while an electric current heats the parts to awelding temperature. A most ingenious macliine has
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . ained by a prism is more refracted than the red end,and as a consequence the violet rays are relatively morespread out, so that the amount of space occupied by theserays is out of proportion to the relative difference of theirwave-length. This defect, which is termed the irration-ality of the prismatic spectrum, is quite absent from thatobtained by means of the diffraction grating, as the forma-tion of the spectrum has been seen in the latter case to besolely dependent upon the differe Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-ained-by-a-prism-is-more-refracted-than-the-red-endand-as-a-consequence-the-violet-rays-are-relatively-morespread-out-so-that-the-amount-of-space-occupied-by-theserays-is-out-of-proportion-to-the-relative-difference-of-theirwave-length-this-defect-which-is-termed-the-irration-ality-of-the-prismatic-spectrum-is-quite-absent-from-thatobtained-by-means-of-the-diffraction-grating-as-the-forma-tion-of-the-spectrum-has-been-seen-in-the-latter-case-to-besolely-dependent-upon-the-differe-image340254144.htmlRM2ANFWHM–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . ained by a prism is more refracted than the red end,and as a consequence the violet rays are relatively morespread out, so that the amount of space occupied by theserays is out of proportion to the relative difference of theirwave-length. This defect, which is termed the irration-ality of the prismatic spectrum, is quite absent from thatobtained by means of the diffraction grating, as the forma-tion of the spectrum has been seen in the latter case to besolely dependent upon the differe
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. , the pressure per square foot will be 21G0 pounds.It is nearer to the truth to take the mean pressure at 14.7 pounds; andit is upon this assumption that the determination is made for the purposeof the calculations above referred to. This statement was appended inthe original manuscript to the passage on page 80, and was designed toappear on that page as a foot-note; but the note was accidentally omitted. THOMPSONS ROTARY STEAM-ENGINE. In the description of Thompsons differential rotary steam-engine,commenci Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-the-pressure-per-square-foot-will-be-21g0-poundsit-is-nearer-to-the-truth-to-take-the-mean-pressure-at-147-pounds-andit-is-upon-this-assumption-that-the-determination-is-made-for-the-purposeof-the-calculations-above-referred-to-this-statement-was-appended-inthe-original-manuscript-to-the-passage-on-page-80-and-was-designed-toappear-on-that-page-as-a-foot-note-but-the-note-was-accidentally-omitted-thompsons-rotary-steam-engine-in-the-description-of-thompsons-differential-rotary-steam-enginecommenci-image337120921.htmlRM2AGD54W–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. , the pressure per square foot will be 21G0 pounds.It is nearer to the truth to take the mean pressure at 14.7 pounds; andit is upon this assumption that the determination is made for the purposeof the calculations above referred to. This statement was appended inthe original manuscript to the passage on page 80, and was designed toappear on that page as a foot-note; but the note was accidentally omitted. THOMPSONS ROTARY STEAM-ENGINE. In the description of Thompsons differential rotary steam-engine,commenci
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . The speed for thirty-two-pageperiodicals is ten thousand an hour, smaller sizes beingproportionately faster. F 10 2d 352 WOXDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. A somewhat similar machine is made by the same firmfor printing coveiless ilhistrated periodicals, at a speed offour thousand to eight thousand an hour, doing fine work. Hoes newspaper perfecting presses are made in all sortsof sizes and combinations. The speed is practically limitedto twenty-four thousand an hour, but by doubling andquad Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-the-speed-for-thirty-two-pageperiodicals-is-ten-thousand-an-hour-smaller-sizes-beingproportionately-faster-f-10-2d-352-woxders-of-modern-mechanism-a-somewhat-similar-machine-is-made-by-the-same-firmfor-printing-coveiless-ilhistrated-periodicals-at-a-speed-offour-thousand-to-eight-thousand-an-hour-doing-fine-work-hoes-newspaper-perfecting-presses-are-made-in-all-sortsof-sizes-and-combinations-the-speed-is-practically-limitedto-twenty-four-thousand-an-hour-but-by-doubling-andquad-image340260451.htmlRM2ANG5JY–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . The speed for thirty-two-pageperiodicals is ten thousand an hour, smaller sizes beingproportionately faster. F 10 2d 352 WOXDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. A somewhat similar machine is made by the same firmfor printing coveiless ilhistrated periodicals, at a speed offour thousand to eight thousand an hour, doing fine work. Hoes newspaper perfecting presses are made in all sortsof sizes and combinations. The speed is practically limitedto twenty-four thousand an hour, but by doubling andquad
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. of their varying brightness to be dis-tinguished. But if a plane mirror placed by the side of the jets be rap-idly revolved around a vertical axis, each of the apparently single flameswill be resolved into a row of separate flames; and then the fact willbe manifest that all the separate images in each row fall into the darkintervals between the images of the other row. The appearance pre-sented by these flames is shown in the annexed figure. When one of Fig. 104. i 4 i Manometric Flames—tubes in unison. the Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-of-their-varying-brightness-to-be-dis-tinguished-but-if-a-plane-mirror-placed-by-the-side-of-the-jets-be-rap-idly-revolved-around-a-vertical-axis-each-of-the-apparently-single-flameswill-be-resolved-into-a-row-of-separate-flames-and-then-the-fact-willbe-manifest-that-all-the-separate-images-in-each-row-fall-into-the-darkintervals-between-the-images-of-the-other-row-the-appearance-pre-sented-by-these-flames-is-shown-in-the-annexed-figure-when-one-of-fig-104-i-4-i-manometric-flamestubes-in-unison-the-image337132761.htmlRM2AGDM7N–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. of their varying brightness to be dis-tinguished. But if a plane mirror placed by the side of the jets be rap-idly revolved around a vertical axis, each of the apparently single flameswill be resolved into a row of separate flames; and then the fact willbe manifest that all the separate images in each row fall into the darkintervals between the images of the other row. The appearance pre-sented by these flames is shown in the annexed figure. When one of Fig. 104. i 4 i Manometric Flames—tubes in unison. the
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. x-ternally. The manner of adapt-ing this plan of heatingto a large oven for thebaking of bread may beunderstood by referenceto the accompanying fig-ures. Fig. 81 is a sectionin elevation of the ovenand furnace; and Fig. 82is a view in plan. Thespiral in the furnace isshown at A directly overthe bars of the grate. Itascends by the tube o,which is external to thefurnace, and is protectedby a sheath of sheet iron,makes a bend at H, whereis attached the COlltri- Marvals Heating Apparatus—section, vance D, (to be Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-x-ternally-the-manner-of-adapt-ing-this-plan-of-heatingto-a-large-oven-for-thebaking-of-bread-may-beunderstood-by-referenceto-the-accompanying-fig-ures-fig-81-is-a-sectionin-elevation-of-the-ovenand-furnace-and-fig-82is-a-view-in-plan-thespiral-in-the-furnace-isshown-at-a-directly-overthe-bars-of-the-grate-itascends-by-the-tube-owhich-is-external-to-thefurnace-and-is-protectedby-a-sheath-of-sheet-ironmakes-a-bend-at-h-whereis-attached-the-colltri-marvals-heating-apparatussection-vance-d-to-be-image337139593.htmlRM2AGE0YN–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. x-ternally. The manner of adapt-ing this plan of heatingto a large oven for thebaking of bread may beunderstood by referenceto the accompanying fig-ures. Fig. 81 is a sectionin elevation of the ovenand furnace; and Fig. 82is a view in plan. Thespiral in the furnace isshown at A directly overthe bars of the grate. Itascends by the tube o,which is external to thefurnace, and is protectedby a sheath of sheet iron,makes a bend at H, whereis attached the COlltri- Marvals Heating Apparatus—section, vance D, (to be
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. n the other hand, supposing that the prime mover is of the forceof two hundred horse-power, and that it is required to know what is theextreme distance at which this motor can deliver a force of one hundred,he linds that this maximum distance would be only 1,545 metres, orless than a mile, (a mile being 1,608 metres.) The comparison between the two modes of transmission leaves, ofcourse, no place at all to the second. But a comparison so presented isa tacit assumption that in the practical solution of this i Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-n-the-other-hand-supposing-that-the-prime-mover-is-of-the-forceof-two-hundred-horse-power-and-that-it-is-required-to-know-what-is-theextreme-distance-at-which-this-motor-can-deliver-a-force-of-one-hundredhe-linds-that-this-maximum-distance-would-be-only-1545-metres-orless-than-a-mile-a-mile-being-1608-metres-the-comparison-between-the-two-modes-of-transmission-leaves-ofcourse-no-place-at-all-to-the-second-but-a-comparison-so-presented-isa-tacit-assumption-that-in-the-practical-solution-of-this-i-image337152388.htmlRM2AGEH8M–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. n the other hand, supposing that the prime mover is of the forceof two hundred horse-power, and that it is required to know what is theextreme distance at which this motor can deliver a force of one hundred,he linds that this maximum distance would be only 1,545 metres, orless than a mile, (a mile being 1,608 metres.) The comparison between the two modes of transmission leaves, ofcourse, no place at all to the second. But a comparison so presented isa tacit assumption that in the practical solution of this i
Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences . iston exactlyas it passes. Steam is introduced through the tube B and dischargedthrough D. In Fig. 11 it will be seen that the pressure will be on theconcave face of E, produc-ing motion in that piston,while it will be directed tothe centre of motion of E,which will therefore formthe resisting fulcrum. Theopposite state of things isshown in Fig. 12, in whichE receives the propellingforce, and E7 presents theresistance. The simplicity of construc-tion of this engine highlyrecommends it. Its largesurfaces of co Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-iston-exactlyas-it-passes-steam-is-introduced-through-the-tube-b-and-dischargedthrough-d-in-fig-11-it-will-be-seen-that-the-pressure-will-be-on-theconcave-face-of-e-produc-ing-motion-in-that-pistonwhile-it-will-be-directed-tothe-centre-of-motion-of-ewhich-will-therefore-formthe-resisting-fulcrum-theopposite-state-of-things-isshown-in-fig-12-in-whiche-receives-the-propellingforce-and-e7-presents-theresistance-the-simplicity-of-construc-tion-of-this-engine-highlyrecommends-it-its-largesurfaces-of-co-image338058968.htmlRM2AHYWJG–Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences . iston exactlyas it passes. Steam is introduced through the tube B and dischargedthrough D. In Fig. 11 it will be seen that the pressure will be on theconcave face of E, produc-ing motion in that piston,while it will be directed tothe centre of motion of E,which will therefore formthe resisting fulcrum. Theopposite state of things isshown in Fig. 12, in whichE receives the propellingforce, and E7 presents theresistance. The simplicity of construc-tion of this engine highlyrecommends it. Its largesurfaces of co
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . involved is this : Ifwe take a cylinder of water standing on end, aud place aweight upon an absolutely tight plunger ou top of thewater, and if we have a hole in the bottom of the cylinderwhose diameter is one thousandth of the top aperture ofthe cylinder, upon which the weight rests, and if we thenmeasure the pressure of the water at the little hole in thebottom, we have only to multiply it by oue thousand toget the weight of the load on the cylinder. The means by which Mr. Emery prod Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-involved-is-this-ifwe-take-a-cylinder-of-water-standing-on-end-aud-place-aweight-upon-an-absolutely-tight-plunger-ou-top-of-thewater-and-if-we-have-a-hole-in-the-bottom-of-the-cylinderwhose-diameter-is-one-thousandth-of-the-top-aperture-ofthe-cylinder-upon-which-the-weight-rests-and-if-we-thenmeasure-the-pressure-of-the-water-at-the-little-hole-in-thebottom-we-have-only-to-multiply-it-by-oue-thousand-toget-the-weight-of-the-load-on-the-cylinder-the-means-by-which-mr-emery-prod-image340256429.htmlRM2ANG0F9–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . involved is this : Ifwe take a cylinder of water standing on end, aud place aweight upon an absolutely tight plunger ou top of thewater, and if we have a hole in the bottom of the cylinderwhose diameter is one thousandth of the top aperture ofthe cylinder, upon which the weight rests, and if we thenmeasure the pressure of the water at the little hole in thebottom, we have only to multiply it by oue thousand toget the weight of the load on the cylinder. The means by which Mr. Emery prod
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ut on the radial velocity, which may be greater than thatwmich would result from the effect of rotation. A further confirmation of this view is drawn from the fact that in cer-tain of the pumps of the Coignard & Co., the two drums are made to actconsecutively upon the same water : that is to say, the water is aspiredby one of them only, and is passed from that one to the other, preservingthe velocity already acquired, and receiving a new velocity in the second.This is probably the construction of the punrp a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-ut-on-the-radial-velocity-which-may-be-greater-than-thatwmich-would-result-from-the-effect-of-rotation-a-further-confirmation-of-this-view-is-drawn-from-the-fact-that-in-cer-tain-of-the-pumps-of-the-coignard-co-the-two-drums-are-made-to-actconsecutively-upon-the-same-water-that-is-to-say-the-water-is-aspiredby-one-of-them-only-and-is-passed-from-that-one-to-the-other-preservingthe-velocity-already-acquired-and-receiving-a-new-velocity-in-the-secondthis-is-probably-the-construction-of-the-punrp-a-image337148650.htmlRM2AGECF6–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ut on the radial velocity, which may be greater than thatwmich would result from the effect of rotation. A further confirmation of this view is drawn from the fact that in cer-tain of the pumps of the Coignard & Co., the two drums are made to actconsecutively upon the same water : that is to say, the water is aspiredby one of them only, and is passed from that one to the other, preservingthe velocity already acquired, and receiving a new velocity in the second.This is probably the construction of the punrp a
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ircuit a feeblegalvanic battery, but experiment has proved otherwise. Indeed, afterthe machine has once been operated, it will not even be necessary tocall in the aid of terrestrial induction. Traces of magnetism will hanground even soft iron for a long period after it has been once magnet-ically excited, and these traces will suffice to start the series of reactions WILDES MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINE. 429 by which the power of the machine is developed, whenever the arma-ture is put into motion. The idea of tur Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-ircuit-a-feeblegalvanic-battery-but-experiment-has-proved-otherwise-indeed-afterthe-machine-has-once-been-operated-it-will-not-even-be-necessary-tocall-in-the-aid-of-terrestrial-induction-traces-of-magnetism-will-hanground-even-soft-iron-for-a-long-period-after-it-has-been-once-magnet-ically-excited-and-these-traces-will-suffice-to-start-the-series-of-reactions-wildes-magneto-electric-machine-429-by-which-the-power-of-the-machine-is-developed-whenever-the-arma-ture-is-put-into-motion-the-idea-of-tur-image337136269.htmlRM2AGDTN1–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ircuit a feeblegalvanic battery, but experiment has proved otherwise. Indeed, afterthe machine has once been operated, it will not even be necessary tocall in the aid of terrestrial induction. Traces of magnetism will hanground even soft iron for a long period after it has been once magnet-ically excited, and these traces will suffice to start the series of reactions WILDES MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINE. 429 by which the power of the machine is developed, whenever the arma-ture is put into motion. The idea of tur
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . m Vi[ v-^^i ?A,! M^?. Electrotvped and Printed by J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, U.S.A. AEMY OF AMERICAN INVENTOES, WHO OCCUPY THE FIRST PLACE IN THE WORLDS MARCH OFPROGRESS, THIS BOOK IS APPRECIATIVELY DEDICATED. PREFACE. The design of the writer of the following pages is topresent to the public, in popular language, the results ob-tained within recent years by engineering and mechanicalscience, together with suggestions as to what the futuremay bring forth, such inferences b Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-m-vi-v-i-a!-m-electrotvped-and-printed-by-j-b-lippincott-company-philadelphia-usa-aemy-of-american-inventoes-who-occupy-the-first-place-in-the-worlds-march-ofprogress-this-book-is-appreciatively-dedicated-preface-the-design-of-the-writer-of-the-following-pages-is-topresent-to-the-public-in-popular-language-the-results-ob-tained-within-recent-years-by-engineering-and-mechanicalscience-together-with-suggestions-as-to-what-the-futuremay-bring-forth-such-inferences-b-image340299544.htmlRM2ANHYF4–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . m Vi[ v-^^i ?A,! M^?. Electrotvped and Printed by J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, U.S.A. AEMY OF AMERICAN INVENTOES, WHO OCCUPY THE FIRST PLACE IN THE WORLDS MARCH OFPROGRESS, THIS BOOK IS APPRECIATIVELY DEDICATED. PREFACE. The design of the writer of the following pages is topresent to the public, in popular language, the results ob-tained within recent years by engineering and mechanicalscience, together with suggestions as to what the futuremay bring forth, such inferences b
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . ESCAPE-WHEEL ANDFORK. MACHINE-MADE WATCHES. 343 escape-wheel escapes. On the periphery of the balance-wheel will be observed a number of small screws. Theseare useful in regulating the watch to temperature. At Fig. 82.. DIAGRAM OF THE PKINCIPAL PAKTS OF A WALTHAM WATCH. Fig. 83 will be seen a balance-wheel arranged with what iscalled the compensation balance, which was invented morethan a hundred years ago. It will be observed that therim is cut in two parts, which are maintained in po Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-escape-wheel-andfork-machine-made-watches-343-escape-wheel-escapes-on-the-periphery-of-the-balance-wheel-will-be-observed-a-number-of-small-screws-theseare-useful-in-regulating-the-watch-to-temperature-at-fig-82-diagram-of-the-pkincipal-pakts-of-a-waltham-watch-fig-83-will-be-seen-a-balance-wheel-arranged-with-what-iscalled-the-compensation-balance-which-was-invented-morethan-a-hundred-years-ago-it-will-be-observed-that-therim-is-cut-in-two-parts-which-are-maintained-in-po-image340261514.htmlRM2ANG70X–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . ESCAPE-WHEEL ANDFORK. MACHINE-MADE WATCHES. 343 escape-wheel escapes. On the periphery of the balance-wheel will be observed a number of small screws. Theseare useful in regulating the watch to temperature. At Fig. 82.. DIAGRAM OF THE PKINCIPAL PAKTS OF A WALTHAM WATCH. Fig. 83 will be seen a balance-wheel arranged with what iscalled the compensation balance, which was invented morethan a hundred years ago. It will be observed that therim is cut in two parts, which are maintained in po
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. DUBOYSS WATER METER. 223 Fiff. 70.. section in Fig. 70. The contrivance consists of two basin-shaped vesselsapplied to each other so as to enclose between them a cavity, whichis divided by a flexible diaphragm of India-rubber. To the central partof this diaphragm is fixed a weight D with a double metallic disk, includ-ing between its parts the sheet of rubber, and adapted in form to thecentral bases of the cavity.This weight and its disk are-kept in position by a rod ywhich passes through thebases, and serve Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-duboyss-water-meter-223-fiff-70-section-in-fig-70-the-contrivance-consists-of-two-basin-shaped-vesselsapplied-to-each-other-so-as-to-enclose-between-them-a-cavity-whichis-divided-by-a-flexible-diaphragm-of-india-rubber-to-the-central-partof-this-diaphragm-is-fixed-a-weight-d-with-a-double-metallic-disk-includ-ing-between-its-parts-the-sheet-of-rubber-and-adapted-in-form-to-thecentral-bases-of-the-cavitythis-weight-and-its-disk-are-kept-in-position-by-a-rod-ywhich-passes-through-thebases-and-serve-image337143477.htmlRM2AGE5XD–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. DUBOYSS WATER METER. 223 Fiff. 70.. section in Fig. 70. The contrivance consists of two basin-shaped vesselsapplied to each other so as to enclose between them a cavity, whichis divided by a flexible diaphragm of India-rubber. To the central partof this diaphragm is fixed a weight D with a double metallic disk, includ-ing between its parts the sheet of rubber, and adapted in form to thecentral bases of the cavity.This weight and its disk are-kept in position by a rod ywhich passes through thebases, and serve
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . nd varietv of its uses. This mav be the acje ofelectricity, yet compressed air is coming into use for pur-poses entirely similar ; in fact, it steals in where electricityleads the way. The power of compressed air was knownlong before we began to understand that the electric cur-rent could be made useful, yet air as a motive power forrailways, and in shops for driving tools individually, hasonly come to be used after we had tried electricity andfound that such installations were conveni Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-nd-varietv-of-its-uses-this-mav-be-the-acje-ofelectricity-yet-compressed-air-is-coming-into-use-for-pur-poses-entirely-similar-in-fact-it-steals-in-where-electricityleads-the-way-the-power-of-compressed-air-was-knownlong-before-we-began-to-understand-that-the-electric-cur-rent-could-be-made-useful-yet-air-as-a-motive-power-forrailways-and-in-shops-for-driving-tools-individually-hasonly-come-to-be-used-after-we-had-tried-electricity-andfound-that-such-installations-were-conveni-image340287785.htmlRM2ANHCF5–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . nd varietv of its uses. This mav be the acje ofelectricity, yet compressed air is coming into use for pur-poses entirely similar ; in fact, it steals in where electricityleads the way. The power of compressed air was knownlong before we began to understand that the electric cur-rent could be made useful, yet air as a motive power forrailways, and in shops for driving tools individually, hasonly come to be used after we had tried electricity andfound that such installations were conveni
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. alve disk for one less extensively perforated, this engineadmits of being worked expansively. The simplicity of its constructionis greatly in its favor. The principal objection to it is the amount ofdead space it necessitates: but this is hardly more than exists in theBehrens engine. boots double piston squabe exg-lxe. One of the most compact forms of steam motor presented by the Expo-sition was exhibited by the Eoot Steam-Engine Company of New York,and called by them the double-piston square engine though c Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-alve-disk-for-one-less-extensively-perforated-this-engineadmits-of-being-worked-expansively-the-simplicity-of-its-constructionis-greatly-in-its-favor-the-principal-objection-to-it-is-the-amount-ofdead-space-it-necessitates-but-this-is-hardly-more-than-exists-in-thebehrens-engine-boots-double-piston-squabe-exg-lxe-one-of-the-most-compact-forms-of-steam-motor-presented-by-the-expo-sition-was-exhibited-by-the-eoot-steam-engine-company-of-new-yorkand-called-by-them-the-double-piston-square-engine-though-c-image337155865.htmlRM2AGENMW–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. alve disk for one less extensively perforated, this engineadmits of being worked expansively. The simplicity of its constructionis greatly in its favor. The principal objection to it is the amount ofdead space it necessitates: but this is hardly more than exists in theBehrens engine. boots double piston squabe exg-lxe. One of the most compact forms of steam motor presented by the Expo-sition was exhibited by the Eoot Steam-Engine Company of New York,and called by them the double-piston square engine though c
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. easure of the sector. THEORY OF THE AMSLER PLANIMETER. 627 The constant in the above expression will be seen to be equal to thevalue which belongs to PS in the position represented in Fig. 149, whereQ is a right angle. Eepresent this radius by R, and we shall see that£R«> expresses the area of a sector in a circle WXYZ, of which theconstant radius is determined by the condition that the plane of thewheel shall be at right angles to the circumference of the circle WXYZ,which is the direction of its movemen Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-easure-of-the-sector-theory-of-the-amsler-planimeter-627-the-constant-in-the-above-expression-will-be-seen-to-be-equal-to-thevalue-which-belongs-to-ps-in-the-position-represented-in-fig-149-whereq-is-a-right-angle-eepresent-this-radius-by-r-and-we-shall-see-thatrgt-expresses-the-area-of-a-sector-in-a-circle-wxyz-of-which-theconstant-radius-is-determined-by-the-condition-that-the-plane-of-thewheel-shall-be-at-right-angles-to-the-circumference-of-the-circle-wxyzwhich-is-the-direction-of-its-movemen-image337121793.htmlRM2AGD681–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. easure of the sector. THEORY OF THE AMSLER PLANIMETER. 627 The constant in the above expression will be seen to be equal to thevalue which belongs to PS in the position represented in Fig. 149, whereQ is a right angle. Eepresent this radius by R, and we shall see that£R«> expresses the area of a sector in a circle WXYZ, of which theconstant radius is determined by the condition that the plane of thewheel shall be at right angles to the circumference of the circle WXYZ,which is the direction of its movemen
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . machines turned out and verifying by actual test theaccuracy of each individual machine manufactured. Thistester of testing-machines will indicate a variation of fourounces in half a million pounds. A weight of two hun-dred grains laid on the main platform of this remarkablemachine is sufficient to put in motion material weighingmore than twenty thousand pounds, as shown by a varia-tion of the needle the fiftieth part of an inch, and the sen-sitiveness is the same whether loaded or not Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-machines-turned-out-and-verifying-by-actual-test-theaccuracy-of-each-individual-machine-manufactured-thistester-of-testing-machines-will-indicate-a-variation-of-fourounces-in-half-a-million-pounds-a-weight-of-two-hun-dred-grains-laid-on-the-main-platform-of-this-remarkablemachine-is-sufficient-to-put-in-motion-material-weighingmore-than-twenty-thousand-pounds-as-shown-by-a-varia-tion-of-the-needle-the-fiftieth-part-of-an-inch-and-the-sen-sitiveness-is-the-same-whether-loaded-or-not-image340255056.htmlRM2ANFXP8–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . machines turned out and verifying by actual test theaccuracy of each individual machine manufactured. Thistester of testing-machines will indicate a variation of fourounces in half a million pounds. A weight of two hun-dred grains laid on the main platform of this remarkablemachine is sufficient to put in motion material weighingmore than twenty thousand pounds, as shown by a varia-tion of the needle the fiftieth part of an inch, and the sen-sitiveness is the same whether loaded or not
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. INDUSTRIAL AND PHYSICAL APPARATUS. PLATE V Vertical TV ess.Force 35-torvs Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-industrial-and-physical-apparatus-plate-v-vertical-tv-essforce-35-torvs-image337102536.htmlRM2AGC9M8–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. INDUSTRIAL AND PHYSICAL APPARATUS. PLATE V Vertical TV ess.Force 35-torvs
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . MACHINE TOOLS. 251. S 252 WONDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. mostly automatic, and divide off the teeth and cut themfrom the solid metal blank with only the most triflingattention. One mau can run four of them at a time. Ablank wheel being put in place, and the proper cutteradjusted to depth of teeth, length of stroke of cutter-head,etc., the cutter will pass across the face of the space betweenteeth, and returu at a quick pace to the starting side ofthe wheel, while the blank is automatical Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-machine-tools-251-s-252-wonders-of-modern-mechanism-mostly-automatic-and-divide-off-the-teeth-and-cut-themfrom-the-solid-metal-blank-with-only-the-most-triflingattention-one-mau-can-run-four-of-them-at-a-time-ablank-wheel-being-put-in-place-and-the-proper-cutteradjusted-to-depth-of-teeth-length-of-stroke-of-cutter-headetc-the-cutter-will-pass-across-the-face-of-the-space-betweenteeth-and-returu-at-a-quick-pace-to-the-starting-side-ofthe-wheel-while-the-blank-is-automatical-image340277286.htmlRM2ANGY46–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . MACHINE TOOLS. 251. S 252 WONDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. mostly automatic, and divide off the teeth and cut themfrom the solid metal blank with only the most triflingattention. One mau can run four of them at a time. Ablank wheel being put in place, and the proper cutteradjusted to depth of teeth, length of stroke of cutter-head,etc., the cutter will pass across the face of the space betweenteeth, and returu at a quick pace to the starting side ofthe wheel, while the blank is automatical
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. rom the objectseen by reflection will begin to be cut offby the prism e. When this is the case, thesextant is turned with the limb uppermost,and the higher angles are read upon adifferent part of the limb. In the circlethis expedient cannot be employed exceptby abandoning one of the verniers. If, forinstance, in the figure, the upper index armshould be removed, the lower arm couldtraverse nearly the entire limb. As thesextants are constructed, all angles up to140 degrees are measured with the instru-ment in Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-rom-the-objectseen-by-reflection-will-begin-to-be-cut-offby-the-prism-e-when-this-is-the-case-thesextant-is-turned-with-the-limb-uppermostand-the-higher-angles-are-read-upon-adifferent-part-of-the-limb-in-the-circlethis-expedient-cannot-be-employed-exceptby-abandoning-one-of-the-verniers-if-forinstance-in-the-figure-the-upper-index-armshould-be-removed-the-lower-arm-couldtraverse-nearly-the-entire-limb-as-thesextants-are-constructed-all-angles-up-to140-degrees-are-measured-with-the-instru-ment-in-image337124933.htmlRM2AGDA85–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. rom the objectseen by reflection will begin to be cut offby the prism e. When this is the case, thesextant is turned with the limb uppermost,and the higher angles are read upon adifferent part of the limb. In the circlethis expedient cannot be employed exceptby abandoning one of the verniers. If, forinstance, in the figure, the upper index armshould be removed, the lower arm couldtraverse nearly the entire limb. As thesextants are constructed, all angles up to140 degrees are measured with the instru-ment in
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. shown in Fig.15. Another mode of 7 ! accomplishing the same object is by affixing plates toM the lateral surfaces of the wheels, which plates arefv pressed outward by springs—that is to say. by a kind^ of metallic packing. The manner in which the steam acts to produce motionin this machine will be understood from an inspection ofthe figure. The induction pipe is at cl, and the dischargetakes place at e. The steam enters the cylinder imme-diately under the centre of the system and presses onthe teeth of both Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-shown-in-fig15-another-mode-of-7-!-accomplishing-the-same-object-is-by-affixing-plates-tom-the-lateral-surfaces-of-the-wheels-which-plates-arefv-pressed-outward-by-springsthat-is-to-say-by-a-kind-of-metallic-packing-the-manner-in-which-the-steam-acts-to-produce-motionin-this-machine-will-be-understood-from-an-inspection-ofthe-figure-the-induction-pipe-is-at-cl-and-the-dischargetakes-place-at-e-the-steam-enters-the-cylinder-imme-diately-under-the-centre-of-the-system-and-presses-onthe-teeth-of-both-image337157333.htmlRM2AGERH9–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. shown in Fig.15. Another mode of 7 ! accomplishing the same object is by affixing plates toM the lateral surfaces of the wheels, which plates arefv pressed outward by springs—that is to say. by a kind^ of metallic packing. The manner in which the steam acts to produce motionin this machine will be understood from an inspection ofthe figure. The induction pipe is at cl, and the dischargetakes place at e. The steam enters the cylinder imme-diately under the centre of the system and presses onthe teeth of both
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . loweredto serve as a brake. The foot-cranks can be used whendesired, but, as the machine weighs one hundred and fortypounds, this would not be very often unless the rider wasfond of hard work. A speed of thirty-two miles an houron a macadamized road is claimed for the machine. Untilthe weight is reduced it can hardly compete with theHitchcock. An interesting motor bicycle has recently been patentedin Germany and has been introduced there and in France.Messrs. Wolfmuller and Geisenhof a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-loweredto-serve-as-a-brake-the-foot-cranks-can-be-used-whendesired-but-as-the-machine-weighs-one-hundred-and-fortypounds-this-would-not-be-very-often-unless-the-rider-wasfond-of-hard-work-a-speed-of-thirty-two-miles-an-houron-a-macadamized-road-is-claimed-for-the-machine-untilthe-weight-is-reduced-it-can-hardly-compete-with-thehitchcock-an-interesting-motor-bicycle-has-recently-been-patentedin-germany-and-has-been-introduced-there-and-in-francemessrs-wolfmuller-and-geisenhof-a-image340290258.htmlRM2ANHFKE–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . loweredto serve as a brake. The foot-cranks can be used whendesired, but, as the machine weighs one hundred and fortypounds, this would not be very often unless the rider wasfond of hard work. A speed of thirty-two miles an houron a macadamized road is claimed for the machine. Untilthe weight is reduced it can hardly compete with theHitchcock. An interesting motor bicycle has recently been patentedin Germany and has been introduced there and in France.Messrs. Wolfmuller and Geisenhof a
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. fromany elevated point the traveler wishes to measure the depression ofsome object, as of the sea horizon, by which to determine his elevationor distance, knowing one of them; or, knowing the distance of anotherand lower mountain, to determine the difference of elevation. We haveencountered all these difficulties, and also the less frequent one of fallingin with a reef at night with the stars visible, but the sea horizon totallyobscured in darkness. Mr. Davidsons improvement consists in the use of an observi Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-fromany-elevated-point-the-traveler-wishes-to-measure-the-depression-ofsome-object-as-of-the-sea-horizon-by-which-to-determine-his-elevationor-distance-knowing-one-of-them-or-knowing-the-distance-of-anotherand-lower-mountain-to-determine-the-difference-of-elevation-we-haveencountered-all-these-difficulties-and-also-the-less-frequent-one-of-fallingin-with-a-reef-at-night-with-the-stars-visible-but-the-sea-horizon-totallyobscured-in-darkness-mr-davidsons-improvement-consists-in-the-use-of-an-observi-image337124700.htmlRM2AGD9YT–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. fromany elevated point the traveler wishes to measure the depression ofsome object, as of the sea horizon, by which to determine his elevationor distance, knowing one of them; or, knowing the distance of anotherand lower mountain, to determine the difference of elevation. We haveencountered all these difficulties, and also the less frequent one of fallingin with a reef at night with the stars visible, but the sea horizon totallyobscured in darkness. Mr. Davidsons improvement consists in the use of an observi
Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences . to Figs. 3, 4, and5, which follow: These figures represent, in section, thecylinder, with the slide-valves designedfor the distribution and inflammation ofthe gases. All the figures are similarlylettered, and represent different succes-sive positions of the movable parts.These parts are distinguished by the let-ters EE and DD. The first is designedfor the distribution, and the second forthe inflammation of the gases. Thegases are admitted from the space F,which is the end of a large pipe in whichthey are ming Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-to-figs-3-4-and5-which-follow-these-figures-represent-in-section-thecylinder-with-the-slide-valves-designedfor-the-distribution-and-inflammation-ofthe-gases-all-the-figures-are-similarlylettered-and-represent-different-succes-sive-positions-of-the-movable-partsthese-parts-are-distinguished-by-the-let-ters-ee-and-dd-the-first-is-designedfor-the-distribution-and-the-second-forthe-inflammation-of-the-gases-thegases-are-admitted-from-the-space-fwhich-is-the-end-of-a-large-pipe-in-whichthey-are-ming-image338061827.htmlRM2AJ018K–Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences . to Figs. 3, 4, and5, which follow: These figures represent, in section, thecylinder, with the slide-valves designedfor the distribution and inflammation ofthe gases. All the figures are similarlylettered, and represent different succes-sive positions of the movable parts.These parts are distinguished by the let-ters EE and DD. The first is designedfor the distribution, and the second forthe inflammation of the gases. Thegases are admitted from the space F,which is the end of a large pipe in whichthey are ming
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ££-£LJL9.Jta. Plan.. ^A^^^^^^^m Ladds Dynamo-electric Machine—elevation. wound with wire as above described, serving thus to keep them asunder,and the whole are firmly bolted together. The wires of one of the arm-atures are connected with a commutator, designed to give a commondirection to the currents of electricity which may be generated in them;and the extremities of the wire which wraps the plates are connectedwith tangents resting upon this commutator. Supposing then the platesto be magnets, the combina Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-ljl9jta-plan-am-ladds-dynamo-electric-machineelevation-wound-with-wire-as-above-described-serving-thus-to-keep-them-asunderand-the-whole-are-firmly-bolted-together-the-wires-of-one-of-the-arm-atures-are-connected-with-a-commutator-designed-to-give-a-commondirection-to-the-currents-of-electricity-which-may-be-generated-in-themand-the-extremities-of-the-wire-which-wraps-the-plates-are-connectedwith-tangents-resting-upon-this-commutator-supposing-then-the-platesto-be-magnets-the-combina-image337136725.htmlRM2AGDW99–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ££-£LJL9.Jta. Plan.. ^A^^^^^^^m Ladds Dynamo-electric Machine—elevation. wound with wire as above described, serving thus to keep them asunder,and the whole are firmly bolted together. The wires of one of the arm-atures are connected with a commutator, designed to give a commondirection to the currents of electricity which may be generated in them;and the extremities of the wire which wraps the plates are connectedwith tangents resting upon this commutator. Supposing then the platesto be magnets, the combina
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . from alittle explosion, he concluded that it was best to stoj) whilehis head remained on his shoulders. Coopers idea, andalso Maxims at that time, was to lift the machine by apropeller turning on a vertical shaft and thrusting down-ward. At first thought this seems the only feasible way,yet the problem was solved by making propellers thatthrust backward like those of ocean steamers, inclinedplanes, called aeroplanes, being used to sustain the weight. FLYING MACHINES. 131 Maxims experim Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-from-alittle-explosion-he-concluded-that-it-was-best-to-stoj-whilehis-head-remained-on-his-shoulders-coopers-idea-andalso-maxims-at-that-time-was-to-lift-the-machine-by-apropeller-turning-on-a-vertical-shaft-and-thrusting-down-ward-at-first-thought-this-seems-the-only-feasible-wayyet-the-problem-was-solved-by-making-propellers-thatthrust-backward-like-those-of-ocean-steamers-inclinedplanes-called-aeroplanes-being-used-to-sustain-the-weight-flying-machines-131-maxims-experim-image340292536.htmlRM2ANHJGT–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . from alittle explosion, he concluded that it was best to stoj) whilehis head remained on his shoulders. Coopers idea, andalso Maxims at that time, was to lift the machine by apropeller turning on a vertical shaft and thrusting down-ward. At first thought this seems the only feasible way,yet the problem was solved by making propellers thatthrust backward like those of ocean steamers, inclinedplanes, called aeroplanes, being used to sustain the weight. FLYING MACHINES. 131 Maxims experim
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. joins the working cylinder,so that the cylinder itself forms a part of the division. One extremityof the cylinder communicates with the cavity on one side of the partition,and the other with the opposite. The valves are large ball.s of India-rubber, loaded in the interior with lead, and are kept in place simply by a kind of cage formed of curved strapsof metal fixed over them. There arefour valves. They are contained inseparate boxes by the side of the prin-cipal box, and are in communicationby pairs with th Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-joins-the-working-cylinderso-that-the-cylinder-itself-forms-a-part-of-the-division-one-extremityof-the-cylinder-communicates-with-the-cavity-on-one-side-of-the-partitionand-the-other-with-the-opposite-the-valves-are-large-balls-of-india-rubber-loaded-in-the-interior-with-lead-and-are-kept-in-place-simply-by-a-kind-of-cage-formed-of-curved-strapsof-metal-fixed-over-them-there-arefour-valves-they-are-contained-inseparate-boxes-by-the-side-of-the-prin-cipal-box-and-are-in-communicationby-pairs-with-th-image337151505.htmlRM2AGEG55–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. joins the working cylinder,so that the cylinder itself forms a part of the division. One extremityof the cylinder communicates with the cavity on one side of the partition,and the other with the opposite. The valves are large ball.s of India-rubber, loaded in the interior with lead, and are kept in place simply by a kind of cage formed of curved strapsof metal fixed over them. There arefour valves. They are contained inseparate boxes by the side of the prin-cipal box, and are in communicationby pairs with th
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . hin afew feet, and another button serves to put the carriage atits utmost speed, as for racing. The total weight of thevehicle is six hundred pounds, about that of an ordinarypleasure carriage of the same capacity. Another horseless vehicle is the invention of a Mr.Morrison, of Des Moines, Iowa. He uses a storage- 12* 140 WONDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. battx^ry, and claiins a speed of fouitccii miles an hour anda capacity of rnnnin<5 one hundred and eij^hty-two milesbefore recharging Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-hin-afew-feet-and-another-button-serves-to-put-the-carriage-atits-utmost-speed-as-for-racing-the-total-weight-of-thevehicle-is-six-hundred-pounds-about-that-of-an-ordinarypleasure-carriage-of-the-same-capacity-another-horseless-vehicle-is-the-invention-of-a-mrmorrison-of-des-moines-iowa-he-uses-a-storage-12-140-wonders-of-modern-mechanism-battxry-and-claiins-a-speed-of-fouitccii-miles-an-hour-anda-capacity-of-rnnninlt5-one-hundred-and-eijhty-two-milesbefore-recharging-image340291146.htmlRM2ANHGR6–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . hin afew feet, and another button serves to put the carriage atits utmost speed, as for racing. The total weight of thevehicle is six hundred pounds, about that of an ordinarypleasure carriage of the same capacity. Another horseless vehicle is the invention of a Mr.Morrison, of Des Moines, Iowa. He uses a storage- 12* 140 WONDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. battx^ry, and claiins a speed of fouitccii miles an hour anda capacity of rnnnin<5 one hundred and eij^hty-two milesbefore recharging
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. hollow of theother. This is what happens periodically in the Behrens engine, asheretofore described. The ends of the two Fig. 71. letter S rotaries which are not engaged witheach other, are at the same time in contactwith the outer wall of the enclosing box.It follows, from these statements, that thereare extended junctures made by simple con-tact, on the tightness of which depends theprevention of the percolation of waterthrough the instrument without being mea-sured. And these joints cannot be packedwithou Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-hollow-of-theother-this-is-what-happens-periodically-in-the-behrens-engine-asheretofore-described-the-ends-of-the-two-fig-71-letter-s-rotaries-which-are-not-engaged-witheach-other-are-at-the-same-time-in-contactwith-the-outer-wall-of-the-enclosing-boxit-follows-from-these-statements-that-thereare-extended-junctures-made-by-simple-con-tact-on-the-tightness-of-which-depends-theprevention-of-the-percolation-of-waterthrough-the-instrument-without-being-mea-sured-and-these-joints-cannot-be-packedwithou-image337143260.htmlRM2AGE5JM–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. hollow of theother. This is what happens periodically in the Behrens engine, asheretofore described. The ends of the two Fig. 71. letter S rotaries which are not engaged witheach other, are at the same time in contactwith the outer wall of the enclosing box.It follows, from these statements, that thereare extended junctures made by simple con-tact, on the tightness of which depends theprevention of the percolation of waterthrough the instrument without being mea-sured. And these joints cannot be packedwithou
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. their due proportion on turn-ing a single milled head. This form of the binocular microscope is at- Pig- HO. tended with an advantage pecidiar to itself. Ithas been observed above that true stereoscopicvision requires that the two halves into which thecompound pencil is divided behind the objectiveshould cross each other, so that the right eye mayreceive the left-hand half and the left eye theright-hand half. The rectangular prism when in-troduced through the side of the body must there-fore be advanced so f Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-their-due-proportion-on-turn-ing-a-single-milled-head-this-form-of-the-binocular-microscope-is-at-pig-ho-tended-with-an-advantage-pecidiar-to-itself-ithas-been-observed-above-that-true-stereoscopicvision-requires-that-the-two-halves-into-which-thecompound-pencil-is-divided-behind-the-objectiveshould-cross-each-other-so-that-the-right-eye-mayreceive-the-left-hand-half-and-the-left-eye-theright-hand-half-the-rectangular-prism-when-in-troduced-through-the-side-of-the-body-must-there-fore-be-advanced-so-f-image337130967.htmlRM2AGDHYK–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. their due proportion on turn-ing a single milled head. This form of the binocular microscope is at- Pig- HO. tended with an advantage pecidiar to itself. Ithas been observed above that true stereoscopicvision requires that the two halves into which thecompound pencil is divided behind the objectiveshould cross each other, so that the right eye mayreceive the left-hand half and the left eye theright-hand half. The rectangular prism when in-troduced through the side of the body must there-fore be advanced so f
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Fist. IS.. is the working shaft, is provided witn a fly-wheel regulator. The rel-ative position of the shafts and the connection of the gearing is shown inFig. 19. The working shaft carries, of course, two elliptical gear-wheels: Thompsons rotary steam-engine. 89 and these are set with their major axes at right angles to each other.The elliptical wheels upon the piston shafts have their longer axes atright angles to the pistons. Supposing then the engine to be in thatpoint of the revolution which is illustra Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-fist-is-is-the-working-shaft-is-provided-witn-a-fly-wheel-regulator-the-rel-ative-position-of-the-shafts-and-the-connection-of-the-gearing-is-shown-infig-19-the-working-shaft-carries-of-course-two-elliptical-gear-wheels-thompsons-rotary-steam-engine-89-and-these-are-set-with-their-major-axes-at-right-angles-to-each-otherthe-elliptical-wheels-upon-the-piston-shafts-have-their-longer-axes-atright-angles-to-the-pistons-supposing-then-the-engine-to-be-in-thatpoint-of-the-revolution-which-is-illustra-image337156713.htmlRM2AGEPR5–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Fist. IS.. is the working shaft, is provided witn a fly-wheel regulator. The rel-ative position of the shafts and the connection of the gearing is shown inFig. 19. The working shaft carries, of course, two elliptical gear-wheels: Thompsons rotary steam-engine. 89 and these are set with their major axes at right angles to each other.The elliptical wheels upon the piston shafts have their longer axes atright angles to the pistons. Supposing then the engine to be in thatpoint of the revolution which is illustra
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . w, whilethe heavier particles and clean water are dischargedbelow. ORE-CONCENTRA TING MA CHINERY. 273 Another form of separator is known as the Calumetclassifier, and consists of a trough having four or five de-pressions along the bottom. The water and sand undergosuccessive washings in each depression as they pass along.Shields are used to guard the depressions, Mhich retain theheavier particles. This form is said to use very little wateras wmpared with other separators. In a general Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-w-whilethe-heavier-particles-and-clean-water-are-dischargedbelow-ore-concentra-ting-ma-chinery-273-another-form-of-separator-is-known-as-the-calumetclassifier-and-consists-of-a-trough-having-four-or-five-de-pressions-along-the-bottom-the-water-and-sand-undergosuccessive-washings-in-each-depression-as-they-pass-alongshields-are-used-to-guard-the-depressions-mhich-retain-theheavier-particles-this-form-is-said-to-use-very-little-wateras-wmpared-with-other-separators-in-a-general-image340274235.htmlRM2ANGR77–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . w, whilethe heavier particles and clean water are dischargedbelow. ORE-CONCENTRA TING MA CHINERY. 273 Another form of separator is known as the Calumetclassifier, and consists of a trough having four or five de-pressions along the bottom. The water and sand undergosuccessive washings in each depression as they pass along.Shields are used to guard the depressions, Mhich retain theheavier particles. This form is said to use very little wateras wmpared with other separators. In a general
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. of this machine will bebest understood by refer-ence to Fig. 97. It has asingle cylinder, althoughit is capable of being con-structed with more thanone. This cylinder, whichis of glass, is reduced atthe top to a narrow neck,and is surmounted by afunnel. In the neck of thefunnel is a valve openingf^. upward. The cylinder con- jR^ ) tains a certain quantity of mercury. A plunger,of dimensions nearly equalto the capacity of the cyl-inder, enters it at the bot-tom and is raised in work-ing so as to occupy it al- Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-of-this-machine-will-bebest-understood-by-refer-ence-to-fig-97-it-has-asingle-cylinder-althoughit-is-capable-of-being-con-structed-with-more-thanone-this-cylinder-whichis-of-glass-is-reduced-atthe-top-to-a-narrow-neckand-is-surmounted-by-afunnel-in-the-neck-of-thefunnel-is-a-valve-openingf-upward-the-cylinder-con-jr-tains-a-certain-quantity-of-mercury-a-plungerof-dimensions-nearly-equalto-the-capacity-of-the-cyl-inder-enters-it-at-the-bot-tom-and-is-raised-in-work-ing-so-as-to-occupy-it-al-image337134152.htmlRM2AGDP1C–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. of this machine will bebest understood by refer-ence to Fig. 97. It has asingle cylinder, althoughit is capable of being con-structed with more thanone. This cylinder, whichis of glass, is reduced atthe top to a narrow neck,and is surmounted by afunnel. In the neck of thefunnel is a valve openingf^. upward. The cylinder con- jR^ ) tains a certain quantity of mercury. A plunger,of dimensions nearly equalto the capacity of the cyl-inder, enters it at the bot-tom and is raised in work-ing so as to occupy it al-
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. These are the indications of the centrifugal theory. Practi-cally it will be obvious on the merest inspection of any centrifugal pumpthat they are carried out only partially. In fact, there is no need forattention to the second particular, since it is not in the least desirablethat the velocity of the water in a radial direction should be accelerated.On the other hand, the condition of greatest efficiency in this particularwill be satisfied by giving such form to the rotating apparatus that thesame volume of Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-these-are-the-indications-of-the-centrifugal-theory-practi-cally-it-will-be-obvious-on-the-merest-inspection-of-any-centrifugal-pumpthat-they-are-carried-out-only-partially-in-fact-there-is-no-need-forattention-to-the-second-particular-since-it-is-not-in-the-least-desirablethat-the-velocity-of-the-water-in-a-radial-direction-should-be-acceleratedon-the-other-hand-the-condition-of-greatest-efficiency-in-this-particularwill-be-satisfied-by-giving-such-form-to-the-rotating-apparatus-that-thesame-volume-of-image337150418.htmlRM2AGEEPA–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. These are the indications of the centrifugal theory. Practi-cally it will be obvious on the merest inspection of any centrifugal pumpthat they are carried out only partially. In fact, there is no need forattention to the second particular, since it is not in the least desirablethat the velocity of the water in a radial direction should be accelerated.On the other hand, the condition of greatest efficiency in this particularwill be satisfied by giving such form to the rotating apparatus that thesame volume of
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . ed a pat-ent in England in May,1893. He gave thesewheels an oscillating,rotary motion, which heexpected to sustain themachine in the air at thesame time that it wasdriven forward. No one has been found to furnish themoney to build one; therefore its feasibility remains indoubt. In the same year. Otto Lilienthal, as the result of someyears experimenting, built a wing-like framework, andpractised soaring in the vicinity of Berlin, in the hope ofbeing able to maintain himself in the air a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-ed-a-pat-ent-in-england-in-may1893-he-gave-thesewheels-an-oscillatingrotary-motion-which-heexpected-to-sustain-themachine-in-the-air-at-thesame-time-that-it-wasdriven-forward-no-one-has-been-found-to-furnish-themoney-to-build-one-therefore-its-feasibility-remains-indoubt-in-the-same-year-otto-lilienthal-as-the-result-of-someyears-experimenting-built-a-wing-like-framework-andpractised-soaring-in-the-vicinity-of-berlin-in-the-hope-ofbeing-able-to-maintain-himself-in-the-air-a-image340292812.htmlRM2ANHJXM–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . ed a pat-ent in England in May,1893. He gave thesewheels an oscillating,rotary motion, which heexpected to sustain themachine in the air at thesame time that it wasdriven forward. No one has been found to furnish themoney to build one; therefore its feasibility remains indoubt. In the same year. Otto Lilienthal, as the result of someyears experimenting, built a wing-like framework, andpractised soaring in the vicinity of Berlin, in the hope ofbeing able to maintain himself in the air a
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. cted of metalbelow. The measurement is made by means of a vessel having some-what the form of a double scoop; this being divided in the middle bya partition, and balanced upon a pair of pivots in such a manner asto tilt alternately from the one side to the other, when by the flow of thewater into the more elevated chamber the equilibrium is disturbed.Other inventors have employed this mode of measurement for liquidsbefore 5 but as it requires that the measuring vessel shall not be immersed,it has not before Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-cted-of-metalbelow-the-measurement-is-made-by-means-of-a-vessel-having-some-what-the-form-of-a-double-scoop-this-being-divided-in-the-middle-bya-partition-and-balanced-upon-a-pair-of-pivots-in-such-a-manner-asto-tilt-alternately-from-the-one-side-to-the-other-when-by-the-flow-of-thewater-into-the-more-elevated-chamber-the-equilibrium-is-disturbedother-inventors-have-employed-this-mode-of-measurement-for-liquidsbefore-5-but-as-it-requires-that-the-measuring-vessel-shall-not-be-immersedit-has-not-before-image337142892.htmlRM2AGE55G–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. cted of metalbelow. The measurement is made by means of a vessel having some-what the form of a double scoop; this being divided in the middle bya partition, and balanced upon a pair of pivots in such a manner asto tilt alternately from the one side to the other, when by the flow of thewater into the more elevated chamber the equilibrium is disturbed.Other inventors have employed this mode of measurement for liquidsbefore 5 but as it requires that the measuring vessel shall not be immersed,it has not before
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. but two exceedingly large teeth. Theserevolve in pretty close contact, within a box to which they are fitted, soas to run as close as possible without friction. The wings being abouttwo feet long, with a considerable length of axis, this machine iscapable of delivering a large volume of air with a moderate velocity ofrotation. Driven at the rate of two hundred and fifty turns per minute,it was stated to produce a pressure equal to one-third of an atmosphere,or five pounds per square inch. thirions hydraulic Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-but-two-exceedingly-large-teeth-theserevolve-in-pretty-close-contact-within-a-box-to-which-they-are-fitted-soas-to-run-as-close-as-possible-without-friction-the-wings-being-abouttwo-feet-long-with-a-considerable-length-of-axis-this-machine-iscapable-of-delivering-a-large-volume-of-air-with-a-moderate-velocity-ofrotation-driven-at-the-rate-of-two-hundred-and-fifty-turns-per-minuteit-was-stated-to-produce-a-pressure-equal-to-one-third-of-an-atmosphereor-five-pounds-per-square-inch-thirions-hydraulic-image337147045.htmlRM2AGEADW–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. but two exceedingly large teeth. Theserevolve in pretty close contact, within a box to which they are fitted, soas to run as close as possible without friction. The wings being abouttwo feet long, with a considerable length of axis, this machine iscapable of delivering a large volume of air with a moderate velocity ofrotation. Driven at the rate of two hundred and fifty turns per minute,it was stated to produce a pressure equal to one-third of an atmosphere,or five pounds per square inch. thirions hydraulic
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . rger scale. Each is tobe of fifteen hundred horse-power, and capable of haulinga two-hundred-and-fifty-ton train at a speed of sixty-twomiles an hour. Their operation is looked forward to withinterest by railroad men the world over. Their cost isestimated at about thirty thousand dollars each, or aboutthree times that of an average steam-locomotive. The Sprague electric locomotive, shown in the illus-tration, was built at the Baldwin Locomotive Works, inPhiladelphia, after designs by M Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-rger-scale-each-is-tobe-of-fifteen-hundred-horse-power-and-capable-of-haulinga-two-hundred-and-fifty-ton-train-at-a-speed-of-sixty-twomiles-an-hour-their-operation-is-looked-forward-to-withinterest-by-railroad-men-the-world-over-their-cost-isestimated-at-about-thirty-thousand-dollars-each-or-aboutthree-times-that-of-an-average-steam-locomotive-the-sprague-electric-locomotive-shown-in-the-illus-tration-was-built-at-the-baldwin-locomotive-works-inphiladelphia-after-designs-by-m-image340286429.htmlRM2ANHAPN–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . rger scale. Each is tobe of fifteen hundred horse-power, and capable of haulinga two-hundred-and-fifty-ton train at a speed of sixty-twomiles an hour. Their operation is looked forward to withinterest by railroad men the world over. Their cost isestimated at about thirty thousand dollars each, or aboutthree times that of an average steam-locomotive. The Sprague electric locomotive, shown in the illus-tration, was built at the Baldwin Locomotive Works, inPhiladelphia, after designs by M
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . which may be used to assist the raisingor depression of the craft. Four rudders are emjiloyed—one pair serving to guide the boat laterally and the otherpair vertically. The latter operate automatically. Thecrew consists of only two men—one to manage the motivemachinery and steering devices, the other to fire the tor- SUBMARINE BOATS. 123 pedoes, of which there are two of the automobile type andone of the mine type. The trials of this vessel are said tohave been very satisfactory. Franc Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-which-may-be-used-to-assist-the-raisingor-depression-of-the-craft-four-rudders-are-emjiloyedone-pair-serving-to-guide-the-boat-laterally-and-the-otherpair-vertically-the-latter-operate-automatically-thecrew-consists-of-only-two-menone-to-manage-the-motivemachinery-and-steering-devices-the-other-to-fire-the-tor-submarine-boats-123-pedoes-of-which-there-are-two-of-the-automobile-type-andone-of-the-mine-type-the-trials-of-this-vessel-are-said-tohave-been-very-satisfactory-franc-image340293963.htmlRM2ANHMBR–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . which may be used to assist the raisingor depression of the craft. Four rudders are emjiloyed—one pair serving to guide the boat laterally and the otherpair vertically. The latter operate automatically. Thecrew consists of only two men—one to manage the motivemachinery and steering devices, the other to fire the tor- SUBMARINE BOATS. 123 pedoes, of which there are two of the automobile type andone of the mine type. The trials of this vessel are said tohave been very satisfactory. Franc
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . W^niJ n ROGERS S TYPEWRITER PREPARING TAPE. a speed of two hundred or more words a minute, which isas fast as a person can talk who desires to make himstlfunderstood. It has the added advantage of insurin<j; thecorrectness of the message. No repeating at double priceis required to insure accuracy. The message received mustbe the same as that originally written on the typewriter. This system is now actually in operation betweenWashington and Baltimore by the United States PostalPrint Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-wnij-n-rogers-s-typewriter-preparing-tape-a-speed-of-two-hundred-or-more-words-a-minute-which-isas-fast-as-a-person-can-talk-who-desires-to-make-himstlfunderstood-it-has-the-added-advantage-of-insurinltj-thecorrectness-of-the-message-no-repeating-at-double-priceis-required-to-insure-accuracy-the-message-received-mustbe-the-same-as-that-originally-written-on-the-typewriter-this-system-is-now-actually-in-operation-betweenwashington-and-baltimore-by-the-united-states-postalprint-image340286989.htmlRM2ANHBEN–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . W^niJ n ROGERS S TYPEWRITER PREPARING TAPE. a speed of two hundred or more words a minute, which isas fast as a person can talk who desires to make himstlfunderstood. It has the added advantage of insurin<j; thecorrectness of the message. No repeating at double priceis required to insure accuracy. The message received mustbe the same as that originally written on the typewriter. This system is now actually in operation betweenWashington and Baltimore by the United States PostalPrint
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. a succession oflittle conical shaped receivers with-in the condenser, which form a rowof collars round the cylindrical inner wall, so arranged as to fill Carrfe,8 Ammoniacai FYeez[ng Apparatus forsuccessively with the condensed families liquid, and thus to present a larger evaporating surface when the refrig-erating process begins. The boiler and the refrigerator are connected by a tube which receivesthe liberated gas at the top of a cylindrical dome surmounting the boiler.This appendage is designed to allow Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-a-succession-oflittle-conical-shaped-receivers-with-in-the-condenser-which-form-a-rowof-collars-round-the-cylindrical-inner-wall-so-arranged-as-to-fill-carrfe8-ammoniacai-fyeez-ng-apparatus-forsuccessively-with-the-condensed-families-liquid-and-thus-to-present-a-larger-evaporating-surface-when-the-refrig-erating-process-begins-the-boiler-and-the-refrigerator-are-connected-by-a-tube-which-receivesthe-liberated-gas-at-the-top-of-a-cylindrical-dome-surmounting-the-boilerthis-appendage-is-designed-to-allow-image337138332.htmlRM2AGDYAM–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. a succession oflittle conical shaped receivers with-in the condenser, which form a rowof collars round the cylindrical inner wall, so arranged as to fill Carrfe,8 Ammoniacai FYeez[ng Apparatus forsuccessively with the condensed families liquid, and thus to present a larger evaporating surface when the refrig-erating process begins. The boiler and the refrigerator are connected by a tube which receivesthe liberated gas at the top of a cylindrical dome surmounting the boiler.This appendage is designed to allow
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . dred and fifty revolutions a minute, giving it a periph-eral velocity of a hundred and twenty miles an hour. Ifit ran without load it could be speeded to just double thesefigures, giving the rim a speed of twenty-one thousand sixhundred and eight feet per minute, or two hundred andforty miles an hour. With a half-inch stream of water itdevelops one hundred horse-power. This wheel has runseveral years under these conditions without any cost forrepairs. The Hydraulic Power Company, of Ch Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-dred-and-fifty-revolutions-a-minute-giving-it-a-periph-eral-velocity-of-a-hundred-and-twenty-miles-an-hour-ifit-ran-without-load-it-could-be-speeded-to-just-double-thesefigures-giving-the-rim-a-speed-of-twenty-one-thousand-sixhundred-and-eight-feet-per-minute-or-two-hundred-andforty-miles-an-hour-with-a-half-inch-stream-of-water-itdevelops-one-hundred-horse-power-this-wheel-has-runseveral-years-under-these-conditions-without-any-cost-forrepairs-the-hydraulic-power-company-of-ch-image340272447.htmlRM2ANGMYB–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . dred and fifty revolutions a minute, giving it a periph-eral velocity of a hundred and twenty miles an hour. Ifit ran without load it could be speeded to just double thesefigures, giving the rim a speed of twenty-one thousand sixhundred and eight feet per minute, or two hundred andforty miles an hour. With a half-inch stream of water itdevelops one hundred horse-power. This wheel has runseveral years under these conditions without any cost forrepairs. The Hydraulic Power Company, of Ch
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. essarily, thoughunconsciously, close the circuit, if the vessel happens to pass over a mag-azine. The touching of the key at the first station thus completes the cir-cuit throughout, and the mine is exploded. But if the vessel happensto cross the line at a safe distance from any of these lurking dangers.there will be no contact at the second station, and the touching of thekey will be without effect. TELEMETRICAL APPARATUS. 589 PRISM TELEMETER. The prism telemeter lias undergone a recent improvement, whichre Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-essarily-thoughunconsciously-close-the-circuit-if-the-vessel-happens-to-pass-over-a-mag-azine-the-touching-of-the-key-at-the-first-station-thus-completes-the-cir-cuit-throughout-and-the-mine-is-exploded-but-if-the-vessel-happensto-cross-the-line-at-a-safe-distance-from-any-of-these-lurking-dangersthere-will-be-no-contact-at-the-second-station-and-the-touching-of-thekey-will-be-without-effect-telemetrical-apparatus-589-prism-telemeter-the-prism-telemeter-lias-undergone-a-recent-improvement-whichre-image337126481.htmlRM2AGDC7D–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. essarily, thoughunconsciously, close the circuit, if the vessel happens to pass over a mag-azine. The touching of the key at the first station thus completes the cir-cuit throughout, and the mine is exploded. But if the vessel happensto cross the line at a safe distance from any of these lurking dangers.there will be no contact at the second station, and the touching of thekey will be without effect. TELEMETRICAL APPARATUS. 589 PRISM TELEMETER. The prism telemeter lias undergone a recent improvement, whichre
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-image337152870.htmlRM2AGEHWX–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences.
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ; whereas, if the fifth were seven-twelfths of the octave, as in equaltemperament it would be, twelve-fifths should be precisely equal toseven octaves. If the exact difference between the major and minortones, viz., f i, be taken as the value of the comma, the value of twelve-fifths will be 391.67, and that of seven octaves 390.58; the differencebeing 1.09, or about a comma and a tenth. Of all this subject, which is so little understood by most persons whomake use of musical instruments, Prof. Tillmans Tonom Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-whereas-if-the-fifth-were-seven-twelfths-of-the-octave-as-in-equaltemperament-it-would-be-twelve-fifths-should-be-precisely-equal-toseven-octaves-if-the-exact-difference-between-the-major-and-minortones-viz-f-i-be-taken-as-the-value-of-the-comma-the-value-of-twelve-fifths-will-be-39167-and-that-of-seven-octaves-39058-the-differencebeing-109-or-about-a-comma-and-a-tenth-of-all-this-subject-which-is-so-little-understood-by-most-persons-whomake-use-of-musical-instruments-prof-tillmans-tonom-image337135163.htmlRM2AGDR9F–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ; whereas, if the fifth were seven-twelfths of the octave, as in equaltemperament it would be, twelve-fifths should be precisely equal toseven octaves. If the exact difference between the major and minortones, viz., f i, be taken as the value of the comma, the value of twelve-fifths will be 391.67, and that of seven octaves 390.58; the differencebeing 1.09, or about a comma and a tenth. Of all this subject, which is so little understood by most persons whomake use of musical instruments, Prof. Tillmans Tonom
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. cal pump, and furnishes a figure of it, which essentially resembles the engine of Messrs. Pill-ner and Hill, and concludes with the remark: This arrangement, early known, has beenproduced in our days as new. (See the collection of Grollier de Serviere, Lyons, 1719.)The correspondent of the London Engineering, at the Exposition, also remarks of it,There is nothing new in this contrivance which is a reproduction of Murdochs rotatoryengine of the last century, and it in its turn is a copy of the Machina Pupperh Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-cal-pump-and-furnishes-a-figure-of-it-which-essentially-resembles-the-engine-of-messrs-pill-ner-and-hill-and-concludes-with-the-remark-this-arrangement-early-known-has-beenproduced-in-our-days-as-new-see-the-collection-of-grollier-de-serviere-lyons-1719the-correspondent-of-the-london-engineering-at-the-exposition-also-remarks-of-itthere-is-nothing-new-in-this-contrivance-which-is-a-reproduction-of-murdochs-rotatoryengine-of-the-last-century-and-it-in-its-turn-is-a-copy-of-the-machina-pupperh-image337157129.htmlRM2AGERA1–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. cal pump, and furnishes a figure of it, which essentially resembles the engine of Messrs. Pill-ner and Hill, and concludes with the remark: This arrangement, early known, has beenproduced in our days as new. (See the collection of Grollier de Serviere, Lyons, 1719.)The correspondent of the London Engineering, at the Exposition, also remarks of it,There is nothing new in this contrivance which is a reproduction of Murdochs rotatoryengine of the last century, and it in its turn is a copy of the Machina Pupperh
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . travel-ling-contact is mounted on a trolley carriage, running inthe slot, and detachably connected with the car-truck. The?conduit—which is twenty inches deep and fourteen wide—can be inspected at any point by moving one of the detach-able slot-rails. There are also man-holes at distances of ahundred feet. The cars are arranged as for a trolley road—in fact, they are also used with an overhead trolley onanother part of the same line. The Smith conduit—at Blackpool, England—was com-plet Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-travel-ling-contact-is-mounted-on-a-trolley-carriage-running-inthe-slot-and-detachably-connected-with-the-car-truck-theconduitwhich-is-twenty-inches-deep-and-fourteen-widecan-be-inspected-at-any-point-by-moving-one-of-the-detach-able-slot-rails-there-are-also-man-holes-at-distances-of-ahundred-feet-the-cars-are-arranged-as-for-a-trolley-roadin-fact-they-are-also-used-with-an-overhead-trolley-onanother-part-of-the-same-line-the-smith-conduitat-blackpool-englandwas-com-plet-image340284051.htmlRM2ANH7NR–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . travel-ling-contact is mounted on a trolley carriage, running inthe slot, and detachably connected with the car-truck. The?conduit—which is twenty inches deep and fourteen wide—can be inspected at any point by moving one of the detach-able slot-rails. There are also man-holes at distances of ahundred feet. The cars are arranged as for a trolley road—in fact, they are also used with an overhead trolley onanother part of the same line. The Smith conduit—at Blackpool, England—was com-plet
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. finish a dovetail, one half being made by onedisk and the other half by the other. The leading portion of the sawis composed of segments similar to those that could be cut from anordinary fine-pitched circular saw, while to produce the transversecut after the longitudinal one is finished the segments assume theform shown in the engraving, from an inspection of which the arrange-ment will be better understood than it could be from description. Thesaw which makes the cross-cut will be seen, in fact, to be plac Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-finish-a-dovetail-one-half-being-made-by-onedisk-and-the-other-half-by-the-other-the-leading-portion-of-the-sawis-composed-of-segments-similar-to-those-that-could-be-cut-from-anordinary-fine-pitched-circular-saw-while-to-produce-the-transversecut-after-the-longitudinal-one-is-finished-the-segments-assume-theform-shown-in-the-engraving-from-an-inspection-of-which-the-arrange-ment-will-be-better-understood-than-it-could-be-from-description-thesaw-which-makes-the-cross-cut-will-be-seen-in-fact-to-be-plac-image337140543.htmlRM2AGE25K–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. finish a dovetail, one half being made by onedisk and the other half by the other. The leading portion of the sawis composed of segments similar to those that could be cut from anordinary fine-pitched circular saw, while to produce the transversecut after the longitudinal one is finished the segments assume theform shown in the engraving, from an inspection of which the arrange-ment will be better understood than it could be from description. Thesaw which makes the cross-cut will be seen, in fact, to be plac
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. be revolved one hundred and eighty degrees on its pivot. The telescope1/ will now come into the position far observation, and the mirror M7will be that which will reflect the right-hand image to the eye. This isthe mirror which has been turned by the micrometer screw. When theimage as reflected by it is brought to the central line by turning the boxas before, the other image, now reflected from M, will be twice as far fromthe center as in the former case. By turning the tangent screw m, themirror M will firs Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-be-revolved-one-hundred-and-eighty-degrees-on-its-pivot-the-telescope1-will-now-come-into-the-position-far-observation-and-the-mirror-m7will-be-that-which-will-reflect-the-right-hand-image-to-the-eye-this-isthe-mirror-which-has-been-turned-by-the-micrometer-screw-when-theimage-as-reflected-by-it-is-brought-to-the-central-line-by-turning-the-boxas-before-the-other-image-now-reflected-from-m-will-be-twice-as-far-fromthe-center-as-in-the-former-case-by-turning-the-tangent-screw-m-themirror-m-will-firs-image337126875.htmlRM2AGDCNF–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. be revolved one hundred and eighty degrees on its pivot. The telescope1/ will now come into the position far observation, and the mirror M7will be that which will reflect the right-hand image to the eye. This isthe mirror which has been turned by the micrometer screw. When theimage as reflected by it is brought to the central line by turning the boxas before, the other image, now reflected from M, will be twice as far fromthe center as in the former case. By turning the tangent screw m, themirror M will firs
![The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . )ounds. It consists of two semi-circular heads, separated by strong columns, and united byheavy steel bands, between which is a cross-head operatedby a large steel cylinder in the uj)per head and small re-turn cylinders in the lower head. Power is supplied by adirect-acting plunger-pump, which maintains a constantflow of oil from an overhead tank. The movement ofthe coining-head is controlled by a lever. The pressurea])j>lied is determined by an adjustable safety-valve. Thehead is m Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2ANGXJG/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-ounds-it-consists-of-two-semi-circular-heads-separated-by-strong-columns-and-united-byheavy-steel-bands-between-which-is-a-cross-head-operatedby-a-large-steel-cylinder-in-the-ujper-head-and-small-re-turn-cylinders-in-the-lower-head-power-is-supplied-by-adirect-acting-plunger-pump-which-maintains-a-constantflow-of-oil-from-an-overhead-tank-the-movement-ofthe-coining-head-is-controlled-by-a-lever-the-pressurea-jgtlied-is-determined-by-an-adjustable-safety-valve-thehead-is-m-2ANGXJG.jpg "The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . )ounds. It consists of two semi-circular heads, separated by strong columns, and united byheavy steel bands, between which is a cross-head operatedby a large steel cylinder in the uj)per head and small re-turn cylinders in the lower head. Power is supplied by adirect-acting plunger-pump, which maintains a constantflow of oil from an overhead tank. The movement ofthe coining-head is controlled by a lever. The pressurea])j>lied is determined by an adjustable safety-valve. Thehead is m Stock Photo")
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . )ounds. It consists of two semi-circular heads, separated by strong columns, and united byheavy steel bands, between which is a cross-head operatedby a large steel cylinder in the uj)per head and small re-turn cylinders in the lower head. Power is supplied by adirect-acting plunger-pump, which maintains a constantflow of oil from an overhead tank. The movement ofthe coining-head is controlled by a lever. The pressurea])j>lied is determined by an adjustable safety-valve. Thehead is m Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-ounds-it-consists-of-two-semi-circular-heads-separated-by-strong-columns-and-united-byheavy-steel-bands-between-which-is-a-cross-head-operatedby-a-large-steel-cylinder-in-the-ujper-head-and-small-re-turn-cylinders-in-the-lower-head-power-is-supplied-by-adirect-acting-plunger-pump-which-maintains-a-constantflow-of-oil-from-an-overhead-tank-the-movement-ofthe-coining-head-is-controlled-by-a-lever-the-pressurea-jgtlied-is-determined-by-an-adjustable-safety-valve-thehead-is-m-image340276904.htmlRM2ANGXJG–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . )ounds. It consists of two semi-circular heads, separated by strong columns, and united byheavy steel bands, between which is a cross-head operatedby a large steel cylinder in the uj)per head and small re-turn cylinders in the lower head. Power is supplied by adirect-acting plunger-pump, which maintains a constantflow of oil from an overhead tank. The movement ofthe coining-head is controlled by a lever. The pressurea])j>lied is determined by an adjustable safety-valve. Thehead is m
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Small ModelTig. 6.. S ection. HON 1867- INDUSTRIAL AND PHYSICAL APPARATUS. Fya BELOUS HOT-AIB ENGINE. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-small-modeltig-6-s-ection-hon-1867-industrial-and-physical-apparatus-fya-belous-hot-aib-engine-image337118286.htmlRM2AGD1PP–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Small ModelTig. 6.. S ection. HON 1867- INDUSTRIAL AND PHYSICAL APPARATUS. Fya BELOUS HOT-AIB ENGINE.
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ertical plane in which theobject is situated of which the altitude is to be measured; and by turn-ing the telescope in its supports the image of the object is seen byreflection in the prism. At the extremity next the eye. the telescopecarries a vertical circle of ten centimeters (four inches^ radius, divided THEODOLITES LEVELING INSTRUMENTS. 597 centesimally, and this is read by a vernier to one one-hundredth partof a degree. The horizontal points of the limb are not determinable bydirect observation; but th Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-ertical-plane-in-which-theobject-is-situated-of-which-the-altitude-is-to-be-measured-and-by-turn-ing-the-telescope-in-its-supports-the-image-of-the-object-is-seen-byreflection-in-the-prism-at-the-extremity-next-the-eye-the-telescopecarries-a-vertical-circle-of-ten-centimeters-four-inches-radius-divided-theodolites-leveling-instruments-597-centesimally-and-this-is-read-by-a-vernier-to-one-one-hundredth-partof-a-degree-the-horizontal-points-of-the-limb-are-not-determinable-bydirect-observation-but-th-image337125293.htmlRM2AGDAN1–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ertical plane in which theobject is situated of which the altitude is to be measured; and by turn-ing the telescope in its supports the image of the object is seen byreflection in the prism. At the extremity next the eye. the telescopecarries a vertical circle of ten centimeters (four inches^ radius, divided THEODOLITES LEVELING INSTRUMENTS. 597 centesimally, and this is read by a vernier to one one-hundredth partof a degree. The horizontal points of the limb are not determinable bydirect observation; but th
![. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. If wm ll ] , • , 1 Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AGD077/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-if-wm-ll-1-2AGD077.jpg ". Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. If wm ll ] , • , 1 Stock Photo")
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. If wm ll ] , • , 1 Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-if-wm-ll-1-image337117067.htmlRM2AGD077–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. If wm ll ] , • , 1
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. 594 PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION. The graduation is the inverse of the sine of the parallax, and as,assuming in the last figure that B is a right angle— A0= ; hence ABxthe inverse of sin:r=AC; sin - - being taken to represent the parallax. To determine the divisions of the graduation, therefore, let ASC, Fig. 137,be a section through the summit S of the cone described by the revolving-ray, and in this plane, with the radius SA, describe the arc AD, whichwill be equal to three degrees. Suppose the revolving ray Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-594-paris-universal-exposition-the-graduation-is-the-inverse-of-the-sine-of-the-parallax-and-asassuming-in-the-last-figure-that-b-is-a-right-angle-a0=-hence-abxthe-inverse-of-sinr=ac-sin-being-taken-to-represent-the-parallax-to-determine-the-divisions-of-the-graduation-therefore-let-asc-fig-137be-a-section-through-the-summit-s-of-the-cone-described-by-the-revolving-ray-and-in-this-plane-with-the-radius-sa-describe-the-arc-ad-whichwill-be-equal-to-three-degrees-suppose-the-revolving-ray-image337125690.htmlRM2AGDB76–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. 594 PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION. The graduation is the inverse of the sine of the parallax, and as,assuming in the last figure that B is a right angle— A0= ; hence ABxthe inverse of sin:r=AC; sin - - being taken to represent the parallax. To determine the divisions of the graduation, therefore, let ASC, Fig. 137,be a section through the summit S of the cone described by the revolving-ray, and in this plane, with the radius SA, describe the arc AD, whichwill be equal to three degrees. Suppose the revolving ray
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ermittent and jerkingaction of the press, as operated by a forcing pump, had the effect ofdetermining fracture of the masses compressed before the limit of theirresisting power to dead pressure had been reached. The perfectly steadyaction of the sterhydraulic press completely remedied this imperfection,and eliminated the irregularities which had disturbed the exactness ofthe determinations. The ordinary form of the press with vertical movement is shown inFig. 6, annexed. In this figure, a manometer appears a Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-ermittent-and-jerkingaction-of-the-press-as-operated-by-a-forcing-pump-had-the-effect-ofdetermining-fracture-of-the-masses-compressed-before-the-limit-of-theirresisting-power-to-dead-pressure-had-been-reached-the-perfectly-steadyaction-of-the-sterhydraulic-press-completely-remedied-this-imperfectionand-eliminated-the-irregularities-which-had-disturbed-the-exactness-ofthe-determinations-the-ordinary-form-of-the-press-with-vertical-movement-is-shown-infig-6-annexed-in-this-figure-a-manometer-appears-a-image337146196.htmlRM2AGE9BG–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ermittent and jerkingaction of the press, as operated by a forcing pump, had the effect ofdetermining fracture of the masses compressed before the limit of theirresisting power to dead pressure had been reached. The perfectly steadyaction of the sterhydraulic press completely remedied this imperfection,and eliminated the irregularities which had disturbed the exactness ofthe determinations. The ordinary form of the press with vertical movement is shown inFig. 6, annexed. In this figure, a manometer appears a
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Neut & Dumonts Centrifugal Pump—horizontal section. is, of course, presumed to be a valve at the bottom of the tube of aspiralion, opening upward. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS —COIGN ARD & CO. S. 185 COIGNARD & CO.S CENTRIFUGAL PUMP. In the pump of Messrs. Ooignard & Co., of Paris, there is a muchlarger departure from the ori- Fig. 49. ginal model. A vertical sec-tion across the axis of one ofthese pumps is shown in Fig.49, and another section, alsovertical, through the axis, inFig. 50. Here, there are tworevolving dru Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-neut-dumonts-centrifugal-pumphorizontal-section-is-of-course-presumed-to-be-a-valve-at-the-bottom-of-the-tube-of-aspiralion-opening-upward-centrifugal-pumps-coign-ard-co-s-185-coignard-cos-centrifugal-pump-in-the-pump-of-messrs-ooignard-co-of-paris-there-is-a-muchlarger-departure-from-the-ori-fig-49-ginal-model-a-vertical-sec-tion-across-the-axis-of-one-ofthese-pumps-is-shown-in-fig49-and-another-section-alsovertical-through-the-axis-infig-50-here-there-are-tworevolving-dru-image337149198.htmlRM2AGED6P–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Neut & Dumonts Centrifugal Pump—horizontal section. is, of course, presumed to be a valve at the bottom of the tube of aspiralion, opening upward. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS —COIGN ARD & CO. S. 185 COIGNARD & CO.S CENTRIFUGAL PUMP. In the pump of Messrs. Ooignard & Co., of Paris, there is a muchlarger departure from the ori- Fig. 49. ginal model. A vertical sec-tion across the axis of one ofthese pumps is shown in Fig.49, and another section, alsovertical, through the axis, inFig. 50. Here, there are tworevolving dru
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. toallow of this than when it is more distant, the instrument becomes atelemeter, or distance measurer. For facility in use it is more convenientin general that the edges of the plates should be horizontal than ver-tical; but either construction may be employed. The principle hereexplained is that which has been adopted in the second of the instru-ments of Mr. Lorieux mentioned above. TELEMETRICAL APPARATUS. 579 THE STADIMETER. In Mr. Brunners collection was exhibited an instrument called thestadirneter, inve Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-toallow-of-this-than-when-it-is-more-distant-the-instrument-becomes-atelemeter-or-distance-measurer-for-facility-in-use-it-is-more-convenientin-general-that-the-edges-of-the-plates-should-be-horizontal-than-ver-tical-but-either-construction-may-be-employed-the-principle-hereexplained-is-that-which-has-been-adopted-in-the-second-of-the-instru-ments-of-mr-lorieux-mentioned-above-telemetrical-apparatus-579-the-stadimeter-in-mr-brunners-collection-was-exhibited-an-instrument-called-thestadirneter-inve-image337128192.htmlRM2AGDECG–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. toallow of this than when it is more distant, the instrument becomes atelemeter, or distance measurer. For facility in use it is more convenientin general that the edges of the plates should be horizontal than ver-tical; but either construction may be employed. The principle hereexplained is that which has been adopted in the second of the instru-ments of Mr. Lorieux mentioned above. TELEMETRICAL APPARATUS. 579 THE STADIMETER. In Mr. Brunners collection was exhibited an instrument called thestadirneter, inve
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. 586 PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION. axis of the box; and that the telescopes are parallel to each other, theiraxes being at right angles to that of the box. By turning the wholenstrurnent about its pivot, let the image of a distant point as seen byreflection in the mirror M be brought to coincidence with the centralline of the micrometer in L. Then, through the transparent part of M*the same paint will be seen by reflection from the mirror M7, but not onthe central line. The tangent screw m must therefore be use Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-586-paris-universal-exposition-axis-of-the-box-and-that-the-telescopes-are-parallel-to-each-other-theiraxes-being-at-right-angles-to-that-of-the-box-by-turning-the-wholenstrurnent-about-its-pivot-let-the-image-of-a-distant-point-as-seen-byreflection-in-the-mirror-m-be-brought-to-coincidence-with-the-centralline-of-the-micrometer-in-l-then-through-the-transparent-part-of-mthe-same-paint-will-be-seen-by-reflection-from-the-mirror-m7-but-not-onthe-central-line-the-tangent-screw-m-must-therefore-be-use-image337127137.htmlRM2AGDD2W–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. 586 PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION. axis of the box; and that the telescopes are parallel to each other, theiraxes being at right angles to that of the box. By turning the wholenstrurnent about its pivot, let the image of a distant point as seen byreflection in the mirror M be brought to coincidence with the centralline of the micrometer in L. Then, through the transparent part of M*the same paint will be seen by reflection from the mirror M7, but not onthe central line. The tangent screw m must therefore be use
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . red and forty feet long, and twenty-one feet wide.Its arrangement is shown in the illustration. The diggingof this wheel-pit involved much labor, since it is blastedfrom the solid rock. The ragged sides are protected in themost substantial manner with heavy masonry. It is de-signed for eventual extension to a length of two hundredand sixty feet, and after such extension proves inadequatea second power-house and wheel-pit will be added, v/hichwill use all the present capacity of the can Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-red-and-forty-feet-long-and-twenty-one-feet-wideits-arrangement-is-shown-in-the-illustration-the-diggingof-this-wheel-pit-involved-much-labor-since-it-is-blastedfrom-the-solid-rock-the-ragged-sides-are-protected-in-themost-substantial-manner-with-heavy-masonry-it-is-de-signed-for-eventual-extension-to-a-length-of-two-hundredand-sixty-feet-and-after-such-extension-proves-inadequatea-second-power-house-and-wheel-pit-will-be-added-vhichwill-use-all-the-present-capacity-of-the-can-image340287570.htmlRM2ANHC7E–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . red and forty feet long, and twenty-one feet wide.Its arrangement is shown in the illustration. The diggingof this wheel-pit involved much labor, since it is blastedfrom the solid rock. The ragged sides are protected in themost substantial manner with heavy masonry. It is de-signed for eventual extension to a length of two hundredand sixty feet, and after such extension proves inadequatea second power-house and wheel-pit will be added, v/hichwill use all the present capacity of the can
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . t at tenthousand volts, and transformers will be used to reduce itas it reaches the conductors. The three-phase alternatingcurreut system will be used. The elevated double-track construction is such as tomutually brace the tracks. An even grade will be main-tained by simply altering the length of the poles, whichwill be cheaper than the building of embankments andcuttings necessary in the construction of surface-roads.An almost absolutely straight line will be preserved, as A HUNDRED A Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-t-at-tenthousand-volts-and-transformers-will-be-used-to-reduce-itas-it-reaches-the-conductors-the-three-phase-alternatingcurreut-system-will-be-used-the-elevated-double-track-construction-is-such-as-tomutually-brace-the-tracks-an-even-grade-will-be-main-tained-by-simply-altering-the-length-of-the-poles-whichwill-be-cheaper-than-the-building-of-embankments-andcuttings-necessary-in-the-construction-of-surface-roadsan-almost-absolutely-straight-line-will-be-preserved-as-a-hundred-a-image340283438.htmlRM2ANH6YX–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . t at tenthousand volts, and transformers will be used to reduce itas it reaches the conductors. The three-phase alternatingcurreut system will be used. The elevated double-track construction is such as tomutually brace the tracks. An even grade will be main-tained by simply altering the length of the poles, whichwill be cheaper than the building of embankments andcuttings necessary in the construction of surface-roads.An almost absolutely straight line will be preserved, as A HUNDRED A
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Coignard & Co.s Pump—section. of aspiration is L, which communicates with the space between thedrums O I. The form given to the pallets in this machine is spiral; theyare only two in number in each drum. As in the other pumps, theform of the helices is professedly such as to make the section of passageinversely proportional to the velocity of the water at different distancesfrom the centre. The obvious advantages of Mr. Coignards construction are, the pre-vention of the loss of living force in the column of Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-coignard-cos-pumpsection-of-aspiration-is-l-which-communicates-with-the-space-between-thedrums-o-i-the-form-given-to-the-pallets-in-this-machine-is-spiral-theyare-only-two-in-number-in-each-drum-as-in-the-other-pumps-theform-of-the-helices-is-professedly-such-as-to-make-the-section-of-passageinversely-proportional-to-the-velocity-of-the-water-at-different-distancesfrom-the-centre-the-obvious-advantages-of-mr-coignards-construction-are-the-pre-vention-of-the-loss-of-living-force-in-the-column-of-image337148923.htmlRM2AGECTY–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Coignard & Co.s Pump—section. of aspiration is L, which communicates with the space between thedrums O I. The form given to the pallets in this machine is spiral; theyare only two in number in each drum. As in the other pumps, theform of the helices is professedly such as to make the section of passageinversely proportional to the velocity of the water at different distancesfrom the centre. The obvious advantages of Mr. Coignards construction are, the pre-vention of the loss of living force in the column of
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . mains to consumers, thoughits easy liquefaction makes it so suitable for household usethat it may eventually kill off the coal-gas industry alto-gether. OIL-WELLS AND THEIR PRODUCTS. Methods employed in obtaining Petroleum, and in refining anddividing Crude Oil into the Oils of Commerce. Petroleum will always be an interesting fluid, thespeculative element that attends its search giving it some-thing of the same enchantment that leads men to dig forgold. The first Pennsylvania oil-well Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-mains-to-consumers-thoughits-easy-liquefaction-makes-it-so-suitable-for-household-usethat-it-may-eventually-kill-off-the-coal-gas-industry-alto-gether-oil-wells-and-their-products-methods-employed-in-obtaining-petroleum-and-in-refining-anddividing-crude-oil-into-the-oils-of-commerce-petroleum-will-always-be-an-interesting-fluid-thespeculative-element-that-attends-its-search-giving-it-some-thing-of-the-same-enchantment-that-leads-men-to-dig-forgold-the-first-pennsylvania-oil-well-image340271318.htmlRM2ANGKF2–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . mains to consumers, thoughits easy liquefaction makes it so suitable for household usethat it may eventually kill off the coal-gas industry alto-gether. OIL-WELLS AND THEIR PRODUCTS. Methods employed in obtaining Petroleum, and in refining anddividing Crude Oil into the Oils of Commerce. Petroleum will always be an interesting fluid, thespeculative element that attends its search giving it some-thing of the same enchantment that leads men to dig forgold. The first Pennsylvania oil-well
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . paratively few who understand iiow they J8 340 WONDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. work, and why the winding of a tiny spring for fifteenseconds should keep the hands moving ibr nine thousandtimes fifteen seconds. Every one who aspires to know sometliing of mechanismshould acquire a knowledge of the principles on whichtime-pieces operate, and to this end a brief description isgiven here. The first thing to be borne in mind is thatwhat is required in a watch is simply some mechanism thatwill k Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-paratively-few-who-understand-iiow-they-j8-340-wonders-of-modern-mechanism-work-and-why-the-winding-of-a-tiny-spring-for-fifteenseconds-should-keep-the-hands-moving-ibr-nine-thousandtimes-fifteen-seconds-every-one-who-aspires-to-know-sometliing-of-mechanismshould-acquire-a-knowledge-of-the-principles-on-whichtime-pieces-operate-and-to-this-end-a-brief-description-isgiven-here-the-first-thing-to-be-borne-in-mind-is-thatwhat-is-required-in-a-watch-is-simply-some-mechanism-thatwill-k-image340261634.htmlRM2ANG756–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . paratively few who understand iiow they J8 340 WONDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. work, and why the winding of a tiny spring for fifteenseconds should keep the hands moving ibr nine thousandtimes fifteen seconds. Every one who aspires to know sometliing of mechanismshould acquire a knowledge of the principles on whichtime-pieces operate, and to this end a brief description isgiven here. The first thing to be borne in mind is thatwhat is required in a watch is simply some mechanism thatwill k
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ich is single at the base, and whichforms a vertical axis around which the supply shoot has the slightlateral movements above described, which change the manner of deliveryof the grain. It is obvious that this balance is applicable to many purposes in whichaccurate and continuous weighing is necessary, as well as to the weighingof grain. UNIVERSAL EVAPORATOR. Under this name Mr. Chenailler, of Paris, exhibited an apparatus foraccelerating the evaporation of liquids at temperatures below the boiling-point, wh Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-ich-is-single-at-the-base-and-whichforms-a-vertical-axis-around-which-the-supply-shoot-has-the-slightlateral-movements-above-described-which-change-the-manner-of-deliveryof-the-grain-it-is-obvious-that-this-balance-is-applicable-to-many-purposes-in-whichaccurate-and-continuous-weighing-is-necessary-as-well-as-to-the-weighingof-grain-universal-evaporator-under-this-name-mr-chenailler-of-paris-exhibited-an-apparatus-foraccelerating-the-evaporation-of-liquids-at-temperatures-below-the-boiling-point-wh-image337140342.htmlRM2AGE1XE–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ich is single at the base, and whichforms a vertical axis around which the supply shoot has the slightlateral movements above described, which change the manner of deliveryof the grain. It is obvious that this balance is applicable to many purposes in whichaccurate and continuous weighing is necessary, as well as to the weighingof grain. UNIVERSAL EVAPORATOR. Under this name Mr. Chenailler, of Paris, exhibited an apparatus foraccelerating the evaporation of liquids at temperatures below the boiling-point, wh
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. gular prism c, in which it undergoes asecond reflection to correct the reversal produced bythe first, aud emerges in the direction d. The inequal-ity of illumination mentioned as occurring in thebinocular of Powell and Lealand is a consequence ofa too small angle of incidence upon the first reflect-ing surface. In Professor Smiths instrument, the in-clination of the mirror to the incident ray is such as toproduce a sensible equality between the intensities ofthe reflected and transmitted light. An inclinatio Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-gular-prism-c-in-which-it-undergoes-asecond-reflection-to-correct-the-reversal-produced-bythe-first-aud-emerges-in-the-direction-d-the-inequal-ity-of-illumination-mentioned-as-occurring-in-thebinocular-of-powell-and-lealand-is-a-consequence-ofa-too-small-angle-of-incidence-upon-the-first-reflect-ing-surface-in-professor-smiths-instrument-the-in-clination-of-the-mirror-to-the-incident-ray-is-such-as-toproduce-a-sensible-equality-between-the-intensities-ofthe-reflected-and-transmitted-light-an-inclinatio-image337130390.htmlRM2AGDH72–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. gular prism c, in which it undergoes asecond reflection to correct the reversal produced bythe first, aud emerges in the direction d. The inequal-ity of illumination mentioned as occurring in thebinocular of Powell and Lealand is a consequence ofa too small angle of incidence upon the first reflect-ing surface. In Professor Smiths instrument, the in-clination of the mirror to the incident ray is such as toproduce a sensible equality between the intensities ofthe reflected and transmitted light. An inclinatio
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. S ection. HON 1867- INDUSTRIAL AND PHYSICAL APPARATUS. Fya BELOUS HOT-AIB ENGINE.. PLATE [it Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-s-ection-hon-1867-industrial-and-physical-apparatus-fya-belous-hot-aib-engine-plate-it-image337117860.htmlRM2AGD17G–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. S ection. HON 1867- INDUSTRIAL AND PHYSICAL APPARATUS. Fya BELOUS HOT-AIB ENGINE.. PLATE [it
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. dischargesthe air received at the centre through a tangential outlet. The details Fiff. 58. of internal construction too closelyresemble those of Appolds pump torender further explanation necessa-ry. The figures represent the uXoise-less Fan* of Mr. George Lloyd, ofLondon. Its recommendations arethe silence with which it works andthe volume of air which it delivers.Mr. Lloyd constructs a number ofmodels varying in size from thirteeninches to four feet in diameter. Thesmallest are driven with the velocityof e Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-dischargesthe-air-received-at-the-centre-through-a-tangential-outlet-the-details-fiff-58-of-internal-construction-too-closelyresemble-those-of-appolds-pump-torender-further-explanation-necessa-ry-the-figures-represent-the-uxoise-less-fan-of-mr-george-lloyd-oflondon-its-recommendations-arethe-silence-with-which-it-works-andthe-volume-of-air-which-it-deliversmr-lloyd-constructs-a-number-ofmodels-varying-in-size-from-thirteeninches-to-four-feet-in-diameter-thesmallest-are-driven-with-the-velocityof-e-image337147356.htmlRM2AGEAW0–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. dischargesthe air received at the centre through a tangential outlet. The details Fiff. 58. of internal construction too closelyresemble those of Appolds pump torender further explanation necessa-ry. The figures represent the uXoise-less Fan* of Mr. George Lloyd, ofLondon. Its recommendations arethe silence with which it works andthe volume of air which it delivers.Mr. Lloyd constructs a number ofmodels varying in size from thirteeninches to four feet in diameter. Thesmallest are driven with the velocityof e
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. for receiving the air, are worked from this lever G, by the aidof the rod I; and both these operations, though necessarily communi-cating with the exterior of the case, are performed without the aid of astuffing-box of any kind. aThe tight joint required at the point where the motion is carried outthrough the case is obtained by the use of a kind of miniature slide valve,held to its seat by the pressure of the fluid within. A hollow projec-tion K extends upwards from the bottom into the interior of the case, Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-for-receiving-the-air-are-worked-from-this-lever-g-by-the-aidof-the-rod-i-and-both-these-operations-though-necessarily-communi-cating-with-the-exterior-of-the-case-are-performed-without-the-aid-of-astuffing-box-of-any-kind-athe-tight-joint-required-at-the-point-where-the-motion-is-carried-outthrough-the-case-is-obtained-by-the-use-of-a-kind-of-miniature-slide-valveheld-to-its-seat-by-the-pressure-of-the-fluid-within-a-hollow-projec-tion-k-extends-upwards-from-the-bottom-into-the-interior-of-the-case-image337142368.htmlRM2AGE4ET–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. for receiving the air, are worked from this lever G, by the aidof the rod I; and both these operations, though necessarily communi-cating with the exterior of the case, are performed without the aid of astuffing-box of any kind. aThe tight joint required at the point where the motion is carried outthrough the case is obtained by the use of a kind of miniature slide valve,held to its seat by the pressure of the fluid within. A hollow projec-tion K extends upwards from the bottom into the interior of the case,
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . THE EMPIRE TYPE-SETTING MACHINE. At the top of this machine are three cases, containingeighty-four channels, each in a separate cradle with glassfronts. The cradles are tipped up so that the type in thecases is all in view of the operator through the glassfronts. Behind the bottom of each channel of the case is a steel PROGRESS IN PRINTING. 355 pusher, A, which the depression of the corresponding keyB will force through the slot at the bottom of the caseagainst the foot of the lowest t Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-the-empire-type-setting-machine-at-the-top-of-this-machine-are-three-cases-containingeighty-four-channels-each-in-a-separate-cradle-with-glassfronts-the-cradles-are-tipped-up-so-that-the-type-in-thecases-is-all-in-view-of-the-operator-through-the-glassfronts-behind-the-bottom-of-each-channel-of-the-case-is-a-steel-progress-in-printing-355-pusher-a-which-the-depression-of-the-corresponding-keyb-will-force-through-the-slot-at-the-bottom-of-the-caseagainst-the-foot-of-the-lowest-t-image340259278.htmlRM2ANG452–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . THE EMPIRE TYPE-SETTING MACHINE. At the top of this machine are three cases, containingeighty-four channels, each in a separate cradle with glassfronts. The cradles are tipped up so that the type in thecases is all in view of the operator through the glassfronts. Behind the bottom of each channel of the case is a steel PROGRESS IN PRINTING. 355 pusher, A, which the depression of the corresponding keyB will force through the slot at the bottom of the caseagainst the foot of the lowest t
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. arger, and increases the diameter of the turbineat the same time. These machines are called by him lateral-injectionturbines. rteters turbine. Several other lateral injection turbines were on exhibition. One ofthese, by Mr. Eieter, of Switzerland, was without any system of direct-rices. The tube which conducted the water to its circumference formeda kind of box embracing only about a quarter of a circle, the remainderof the wheel being free. It was said to give a return of seventy percent, of the force appli Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-arger-and-increases-the-diameter-of-the-turbineat-the-same-time-these-machines-are-called-by-him-lateral-injectionturbines-rteters-turbine-several-other-lateral-injection-turbines-were-on-exhibition-one-ofthese-by-mr-eieter-of-switzerland-was-without-any-system-of-direct-rices-the-tube-which-conducted-the-water-to-its-circumference-formeda-kind-of-box-embracing-only-about-a-quarter-of-a-circle-the-remainderof-the-wheel-being-free-it-was-said-to-give-a-return-of-seventy-percent-of-the-force-appli-image337154054.htmlRM2AGEKC6–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. arger, and increases the diameter of the turbineat the same time. These machines are called by him lateral-injectionturbines. rteters turbine. Several other lateral injection turbines were on exhibition. One ofthese, by Mr. Eieter, of Switzerland, was without any system of direct-rices. The tube which conducted the water to its circumference formeda kind of box embracing only about a quarter of a circle, the remainderof the wheel being free. It was said to give a return of seventy percent, of the force appli
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. carriage. M X. with the axisinclined in such a manner as to bring one side into a horizontal position.A rod X Y, parallel to this side of the cone, slides in the direction of itslength through supports A B attached to the carriage. This rod is rect-angular, or otherwise formed so as to be incapable of turning on itsaxis. At one extremity it carries a poiut, or tracer. P. which, in theuse of the instrument, is employed to follow the perimeter of the figurethe contents of which it may be desired to ascertain. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-carriage-m-x-with-the-axisinclined-in-such-a-manner-as-to-bring-one-side-into-a-horizontal-positiona-rod-x-y-parallel-to-this-side-of-the-cone-slides-in-the-direction-of-itslength-through-supports-a-b-attached-to-the-carriage-this-rod-is-rect-angular-or-otherwise-formed-so-as-to-be-incapable-of-turning-on-itsaxis-at-one-extremity-it-carries-a-poiut-or-tracer-p-which-in-theuse-of-the-instrument-is-employed-to-follow-the-perimeter-of-the-figurethe-contents-of-which-it-may-be-desired-to-ascertain-image337124420.htmlRM2AGD9HT–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. carriage. M X. with the axisinclined in such a manner as to bring one side into a horizontal position.A rod X Y, parallel to this side of the cone, slides in the direction of itslength through supports A B attached to the carriage. This rod is rect-angular, or otherwise formed so as to be incapable of turning on itsaxis. At one extremity it carries a poiut, or tracer. P. which, in theuse of the instrument, is employed to follow the perimeter of the figurethe contents of which it may be desired to ascertain.
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . THE THOKXE TYPE-SETTINGMACHINE. 354 WONDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. responding to the form of a type-channel, the type all fallinto their appropriate channels as the cylinder carryingthem comes around. The Empire is somewhat similar, but employs a separatemachine to do the distributing, the type being pushed intolittle trays and carried by a boy to the composing machine. Fig. 87. -,V^. THE EMPIRE TYPE-SETTING MACHINE. At the top of this machine are three cases, containingeighty-four chann Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-the-thokxe-type-settingmachine-354-wonders-of-modern-mechanism-responding-to-the-form-of-a-type-channel-the-type-all-fallinto-their-appropriate-channels-as-the-cylinder-carryingthem-comes-around-the-empire-is-somewhat-similar-but-employs-a-separatemachine-to-do-the-distributing-the-type-being-pushed-intolittle-trays-and-carried-by-a-boy-to-the-composing-machine-fig-87-v-the-empire-type-setting-machine-at-the-top-of-this-machine-are-three-cases-containingeighty-four-chann-image340259713.htmlRM2ANG4MH–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . THE THOKXE TYPE-SETTINGMACHINE. 354 WONDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. responding to the form of a type-channel, the type all fallinto their appropriate channels as the cylinder carryingthem comes around. The Empire is somewhat similar, but employs a separatemachine to do the distributing, the type being pushed intolittle trays and carried by a boy to the composing machine. Fig. 87. -,V^. THE EMPIRE TYPE-SETTING MACHINE. At the top of this machine are three cases, containingeighty-four chann
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. BC r. BC cosABC cosABC Hence the distance between the foci of the two lenses must be made tovary directly as the cosine of the angle of inclination to the horizon. A mechanism producing a variation according to this law is illustrated in principle in Fig. 123. Let A B be two fixed points in a horizontal bar, supported by an upright P. Attached Fig- 123, to these two points let there be two arms so pivoted as to turn freely. The arm pivoted at B is to be constructed hollow; and a rod sliding within it is to b Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-bc-r-bc-cosabc-cosabc-hence-the-distance-between-the-foci-of-the-two-lenses-must-be-made-tovary-directly-as-the-cosine-of-the-angle-of-inclination-to-the-horizon-a-mechanism-producing-a-variation-according-to-this-law-is-illustrated-in-principle-in-fig-123-let-a-b-be-two-fixed-points-in-a-horizontal-bar-supported-by-an-upright-p-attached-fig-123-to-these-two-points-let-there-be-two-arms-so-pivoted-as-to-turn-freely-the-arm-pivoted-at-b-is-to-be-constructed-hollow-and-a-rod-sliding-within-it-is-to-b-image337127927.htmlRM2AGDE33–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. BC r. BC cosABC cosABC Hence the distance between the foci of the two lenses must be made tovary directly as the cosine of the angle of inclination to the horizon. A mechanism producing a variation according to this law is illustrated in principle in Fig. 123. Let A B be two fixed points in a horizontal bar, supported by an upright P. Attached Fig- 123, to these two points let there be two arms so pivoted as to turn freely. The arm pivoted at B is to be constructed hollow; and a rod sliding within it is to b
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . n hour. It is about thirty feet long, andstands very high. The cab rests on two enormous trucks,having four wheels, each of sixty-two inches diameter.The axle of each pair of wheels is in the centre of thearmature of a motor, so that the construction is very muchlike that of an electric motor set to run upon a pair of fly-wheels. The motors are six-pole, gearless, and are flexiblysupported upon the trucks, transmitting their motion fromthe armatures to the wheels by means of an especia Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-n-hour-it-is-about-thirty-feet-long-andstands-very-high-the-cab-rests-on-two-enormous-truckshaving-four-wheels-each-of-sixty-two-inches-diameterthe-axle-of-each-pair-of-wheels-is-in-the-centre-of-thearmature-of-a-motor-so-that-the-construction-is-very-muchlike-that-of-an-electric-motor-set-to-run-upon-a-pair-of-fly-wheels-the-motors-are-six-pole-gearless-and-are-flexiblysupported-upon-the-trucks-transmitting-their-motion-fromthe-armatures-to-the-wheels-by-means-of-an-especia-image340286196.htmlRM2ANHAEC–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . n hour. It is about thirty feet long, andstands very high. The cab rests on two enormous trucks,having four wheels, each of sixty-two inches diameter.The axle of each pair of wheels is in the centre of thearmature of a motor, so that the construction is very muchlike that of an electric motor set to run upon a pair of fly-wheels. The motors are six-pole, gearless, and are flexiblysupported upon the trucks, transmitting their motion fromthe armatures to the wheels by means of an especia
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Manometric Flames—the tonic and the major third. appearance presented when the tubes employed give the fundamentaland the major third, having the harmonic relation of five to four. One of the most interesting of the instruments exhibited by Mr.Kcenig, was his Clang-Analyser, an instrument designed to demon-strate visibly the presence of harmonic overtones in all musical notes.33 i A 514 PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION. This is composed of a series of resonators, eight in number, adapted toa series of tones beginn Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-manometric-flamesthe-tonic-and-the-major-third-appearance-presented-when-the-tubes-employed-give-the-fundamentaland-the-major-third-having-the-harmonic-relation-of-five-to-four-one-of-the-most-interesting-of-the-instruments-exhibited-by-mrkcenig-was-his-clang-analyser-an-instrument-designed-to-demon-strate-visibly-the-presence-of-harmonic-overtones-in-all-musical-notes33-i-a-514-paris-universal-exposition-this-is-composed-of-a-series-of-resonators-eight-in-number-adapted-toa-series-of-tones-beginn-image337132569.htmlRM2AGDM0W–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Manometric Flames—the tonic and the major third. appearance presented when the tubes employed give the fundamentaland the major third, having the harmonic relation of five to four. One of the most interesting of the instruments exhibited by Mr.Kcenig, was his Clang-Analyser, an instrument designed to demon-strate visibly the presence of harmonic overtones in all musical notes.33 i A 514 PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION. This is composed of a series of resonators, eight in number, adapted toa series of tones beginn
Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences . Behrens Rotary Engine. It will he seen that there are in the same solid casting two cylindricalcavities which overlap each other. In the centre of each cylinder is asolid cylindrical core. Between each of these cores and the surface ofthe corresponding cylinder is a piston of peculiar shape, being part of asolid ring, filling up the intermediate space as far as it goes, and fittingboth to the cylinder internally and to the core. These pistons are firmlyattached to axes, which appear in section at 0 and C in t Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-behrens-rotary-engine-it-will-he-seen-that-there-are-in-the-same-solid-casting-two-cylindricalcavities-which-overlap-each-other-in-the-centre-of-each-cylinder-is-asolid-cylindrical-core-between-each-of-these-cores-and-the-surface-ofthe-corresponding-cylinder-is-a-piston-of-peculiar-shape-being-part-of-asolid-ring-filling-up-the-intermediate-space-as-far-as-it-goes-and-fittingboth-to-the-cylinder-internally-and-to-the-core-these-pistons-are-firmlyattached-to-axes-which-appear-in-section-at-0-and-c-in-t-image338059342.htmlRM2AHYX3X–Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences . Behrens Rotary Engine. It will he seen that there are in the same solid casting two cylindricalcavities which overlap each other. In the centre of each cylinder is asolid cylindrical core. Between each of these cores and the surface ofthe corresponding cylinder is a piston of peculiar shape, being part of asolid ring, filling up the intermediate space as far as it goes, and fittingboth to the cylinder internally and to the core. These pistons are firmlyattached to axes, which appear in section at 0 and C in t
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ; and inasmuch as mercury, under atmosphericpressure, cannot be raised by aspiration more than thirty inches, it wasfurther proposed to enclose the whole apparatus in a strong air-tightbox, and to condense the air within it to the extent of many atmo-spheres. Surprising as it may now seem, this extraordinary theory foundmany defenders, and was made the subject of a protracted discussion inthe public journals, in which some gentlemen having a scientific reputa-tion participated. II.—BLOWING MACHINES. LLOYDS N Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-and-inasmuch-as-mercury-under-atmosphericpressure-cannot-be-raised-by-aspiration-more-than-thirty-inches-it-wasfurther-proposed-to-enclose-the-whole-apparatus-in-a-strong-air-tightbox-and-to-condense-the-air-within-it-to-the-extent-of-many-atmo-spheres-surprising-as-it-may-now-seem-this-extraordinary-theory-foundmany-defenders-and-was-made-the-subject-of-a-protracted-discussion-inthe-public-journals-in-which-some-gentlemen-having-a-scientific-reputa-tion-participated-iiblowing-machines-lloyds-n-image337147575.htmlRM2AGEB4R–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. ; and inasmuch as mercury, under atmosphericpressure, cannot be raised by aspiration more than thirty inches, it wasfurther proposed to enclose the whole apparatus in a strong air-tightbox, and to condense the air within it to the extent of many atmo-spheres. Surprising as it may now seem, this extraordinary theory foundmany defenders, and was made the subject of a protracted discussion inthe public journals, in which some gentlemen having a scientific reputa-tion participated. II.—BLOWING MACHINES. LLOYDS N
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . MACHINE TOOLS. 245 Fig. 57.. STEA.M-EIVETEK. These are principally used by bridge-builders and inshearing the metal plating for iron or steel ships. Riveting requires much less strength on the part of amachine than do punching and shearing, yet the steam-riveter shown here is a very heavymachine, of William Sellers & Co.smake, and presents a six-foot gapfor the work. It operates by press-ure, and not by hammering. Theresult is preferable to riveting ac-complished by a succession of blo Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-machine-tools-245-fig-57-steam-eivetek-these-are-principally-used-by-bridge-builders-and-inshearing-the-metal-plating-for-iron-or-steel-ships-riveting-requires-much-less-strength-on-the-part-of-amachine-than-do-punching-and-shearing-yet-the-steam-riveter-shown-here-is-a-very-heavymachine-of-william-sellers-cosmake-and-presents-a-six-foot-gapfor-the-work-it-operates-by-press-ure-and-not-by-hammering-theresult-is-preferable-to-riveting-ac-complished-by-a-succession-of-blo-image340278110.htmlRM2ANH05J–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . MACHINE TOOLS. 245 Fig. 57.. STEA.M-EIVETEK. These are principally used by bridge-builders and inshearing the metal plating for iron or steel ships. Riveting requires much less strength on the part of amachine than do punching and shearing, yet the steam-riveter shown here is a very heavymachine, of William Sellers & Co.smake, and presents a six-foot gapfor the work. It operates by press-ure, and not by hammering. Theresult is preferable to riveting ac-complished by a succession of blo
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. r and order of the over-tones which accompany it, we are accustomedto speak of these modifications without being conscious of their cause.as the qualities of sound; an indefinite term, which ought to be replacedby a better. Instead of quality, the French say timbre, the stamp orthe ring; and the G-ermans, still better. Klangfarbe, sound color. It is a curious fact that the notes which we call brilliant owe theirKlangfarbe to overtones related to the fundamental, as the odd numbers,three, five, seven, &c; whi Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-r-and-order-of-the-over-tones-which-accompany-it-we-are-accustomedto-speak-of-these-modifications-without-being-conscious-of-their-causeas-the-qualities-of-sound-an-indefinite-term-which-ought-to-be-replacedby-a-better-instead-of-quality-the-french-say-timbre-the-stamp-orthe-ring-and-the-g-ermans-still-better-klangfarbe-sound-color-it-is-a-curious-fact-that-the-notes-which-we-call-brilliant-owe-theirklangfarbe-to-overtones-related-to-the-fundamental-as-the-odd-numbersthree-five-seven-c-whi-image337133555.htmlRM2AGDN83–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. r and order of the over-tones which accompany it, we are accustomedto speak of these modifications without being conscious of their cause.as the qualities of sound; an indefinite term, which ought to be replacedby a better. Instead of quality, the French say timbre, the stamp orthe ring; and the G-ermans, still better. Klangfarbe, sound color. It is a curious fact that the notes which we call brilliant owe theirKlangfarbe to overtones related to the fundamental, as the odd numbers,three, five, seven, &c; whi
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. 122 PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION. way. Its strength is very considerable, but cannot be indefinitelyincreased, since a thickness exceeding that which is adopted wouldbring too great a cross-strain on the metal. A number of these jointshave been in operation without accident for several years. The modeof securing the spiral at its extremity is shown in Fig. 38. Afterthe end has been riveted to the plate, a cross-bar is fastened belowthe rivets, so as to prevent a flexure at the point weakened by drilling.The wi Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-122-paris-universal-exposition-way-its-strength-is-very-considerable-but-cannot-be-indefinitelyincreased-since-a-thickness-exceeding-that-which-is-adopted-wouldbring-too-great-a-cross-strain-on-the-metal-a-number-of-these-jointshave-been-in-operation-without-accident-for-several-years-the-modeof-securing-the-spiral-at-its-extremity-is-shown-in-fig-38-afterthe-end-has-been-riveted-to-the-plate-a-cross-bar-is-fastened-belowthe-rivets-so-as-to-prevent-a-flexure-at-the-point-weakened-by-drillingthe-wi-image337152617.htmlRM2AGEHGW–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. 122 PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION. way. Its strength is very considerable, but cannot be indefinitelyincreased, since a thickness exceeding that which is adopted wouldbring too great a cross-strain on the metal. A number of these jointshave been in operation without accident for several years. The modeof securing the spiral at its extremity is shown in Fig. 38. Afterthe end has been riveted to the plate, a cross-bar is fastened belowthe rivets, so as to prevent a flexure at the point weakened by drilling.The wi
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . a shore will no doubt be similarly orbetter armed. All these weapons will be under or backof bomb-proof shelters, and will pop up to send theirdeadly missiles and disappear before an enemy can train agun on the spot. Recent inventions render it a matter of doubt whetherthere is such a thing as a bomb-proof shelter, for the latestimprovement in dynamite guns seems capable of blowingup any structure of mans manufacture. The originaldynamite gun, invented by Lieutenant Zalinski, is more R Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-a-shore-will-no-doubt-be-similarly-orbetter-armed-all-these-weapons-will-be-under-or-backof-bomb-proof-shelters-and-will-pop-up-to-send-theirdeadly-missiles-and-disappear-before-an-enemy-can-train-agun-on-the-spot-recent-inventions-render-it-a-matter-of-doubt-whetherthere-is-such-a-thing-as-a-bomb-proof-shelter-for-the-latestimprovement-in-dynamite-guns-seems-capable-of-blowingup-any-structure-of-mans-manufacture-the-originaldynamite-gun-invented-by-lieutenant-zalinski-is-more-r-image340293868.htmlRM2ANHM8C–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . a shore will no doubt be similarly orbetter armed. All these weapons will be under or backof bomb-proof shelters, and will pop up to send theirdeadly missiles and disappear before an enemy can train agun on the spot. Recent inventions render it a matter of doubt whetherthere is such a thing as a bomb-proof shelter, for the latestimprovement in dynamite guns seems capable of blowingup any structure of mans manufacture. The originaldynamite gun, invented by Lieutenant Zalinski, is more R
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. PLATE [it. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-plate-it-image337117645.htmlRM2AGD0YW–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. PLATE [it.
Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences . onally movable) fulcrum,against which the steam must react in order to move the piston. On thisaccount there is scarcely a single rotary engine in existence in whichthere is not great loss of effective pressure in consequence of the pres-ence of steam behind the piston, and not one which could bear enlarge-ment to the dimensions required to propel an ocean steamer withoutsuch loss on this account as to make it economically unavailable. THE BEHRENS ROTARY ENGINE. The Exposition has presented several forms of r Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-onally-movable-fulcrumagainst-which-the-steam-must-react-in-order-to-move-the-piston-on-thisaccount-there-is-scarcely-a-single-rotary-engine-in-existence-in-whichthere-is-not-great-loss-of-effective-pressure-in-consequence-of-the-pres-ence-of-steam-behind-the-piston-and-not-one-which-could-bear-enlarge-ment-to-the-dimensions-required-to-propel-an-ocean-steamer-withoutsuch-loss-on-this-account-as-to-make-it-economically-unavailable-the-behrens-rotary-engine-the-exposition-has-presented-several-forms-of-r-image338059782.htmlRM2AHYXKJ–Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences . onally movable) fulcrum,against which the steam must react in order to move the piston. On thisaccount there is scarcely a single rotary engine in existence in whichthere is not great loss of effective pressure in consequence of the pres-ence of steam behind the piston, and not one which could bear enlarge-ment to the dimensions required to propel an ocean steamer withoutsuch loss on this account as to make it economically unavailable. THE BEHRENS ROTARY ENGINE. The Exposition has presented several forms of r
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. < a ( [YSICAL APPARATUS. IE •^ Ri LSI Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-lt-a-ysical-apparatus-ie-ri-lsi-image337100426.htmlRM2AGC70X–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. < a ( [YSICAL APPARATUS. IE •^ Ri LSI
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Chollet-Champions Mechanical Press. the crank on the axis of the vertical wheel E, which, by the Fig. 66.. Chollet-Champions Mechanical Press—enlarged view of upper portion. conical gearing and the gearing of the internal pinion and the wheel D,gives one turn of the nut of the press for twenty-seven turns of the 216 PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION. crank. When the resistance becomes too great to continue with this.the fifteen-toothed pinion is brought into gear with the wheel E, andthe crank transferred to its ax Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-chollet-champions-mechanical-press-the-crank-on-the-axis-of-the-vertical-wheel-e-which-by-the-fig-66-chollet-champions-mechanical-pressenlarged-view-of-upper-portion-conical-gearing-and-the-gearing-of-the-internal-pinion-and-the-wheel-dgives-one-turn-of-the-nut-of-the-press-for-twenty-seven-turns-of-the-216-paris-universal-exposition-crank-when-the-resistance-becomes-too-great-to-continue-with-thisthe-fifteen-toothed-pinion-is-brought-into-gear-with-the-wheel-e-andthe-crank-transferred-to-its-ax-image337144574.htmlRM2AGE79J–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Chollet-Champions Mechanical Press. the crank on the axis of the vertical wheel E, which, by the Fig. 66.. Chollet-Champions Mechanical Press—enlarged view of upper portion. conical gearing and the gearing of the internal pinion and the wheel D,gives one turn of the nut of the press for twenty-seven turns of the 216 PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION. crank. When the resistance becomes too great to continue with this.the fifteen-toothed pinion is brought into gear with the wheel E, andthe crank transferred to its ax
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . ols were within easy accessabove-ground. When at last the tubing is sunk intogood oil sand, the workmen remove theirdrills, and lower a torpedo, charged withfive to twenty pounds of nitro-glycerin. Apiece of pointed steel called a go-devil isthen dropped to set off the torpedo. Theexplosion is not felt seriously at the sur-face, but a great spout of oil comes surgingup, and the well flows for a time until thepressure from below is relieved. The two-inch tubing before referred to is the Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-ols-were-within-easy-accessabove-ground-when-at-last-the-tubing-is-sunk-intogood-oil-sand-the-workmen-remove-theirdrills-and-lower-a-torpedo-charged-withfive-to-twenty-pounds-of-nitro-glycerin-apiece-of-pointed-steel-called-a-go-devil-isthen-dropped-to-set-off-the-torpedo-theexplosion-is-not-felt-seriously-at-the-sur-face-but-a-great-spout-of-oil-comes-surgingup-and-the-well-flows-for-a-time-until-thepressure-from-below-is-relieved-the-two-inch-tubing-before-referred-to-is-the-image340270611.htmlRM2ANGJHR–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . ols were within easy accessabove-ground. When at last the tubing is sunk intogood oil sand, the workmen remove theirdrills, and lower a torpedo, charged withfive to twenty pounds of nitro-glycerin. Apiece of pointed steel called a go-devil isthen dropped to set off the torpedo. Theexplosion is not felt seriously at the sur-face, but a great spout of oil comes surgingup, and the well flows for a time until thepressure from below is relieved. The two-inch tubing before referred to is the
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. IE •^ Ri LSI. PARIS EXPOSITI 1 I r-RIAL AN! PHYSI AL APPARATUS sweets .yfiXtEafhe eteHeie Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-ie-ri-lsi-paris-expositi-1-i-r-rial-an!-physi-al-apparatus-sweets-yfixteafhe-eteheie-image337100078.htmlRM2AGC6GE–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. IE •^ Ri LSI. PARIS EXPOSITI 1 I r-RIAL AN! PHYSI AL APPARATUS sweets .yfiXtEafhe eteHeie
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . mmercial venture. IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHY. A Practical Printing Telegraph already in Operation, and a Pic-torial Telegraph that reproduces Engravings is coming soon. Samuel F. B. Morse did a great deal for the worldby his inventions pertaining to telegraphy, and J. H.Rogers, of Washington, promises to double the utility ofthe telegraph as an adjunct to modern business conveniences.The Morse alphabet is simple and easily learned, but theoperation of sending a message by means of its Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-mmercial-venture-improvements-in-telegraphy-a-practical-printing-telegraph-already-in-operation-and-a-pic-torial-telegraph-that-reproduces-engravings-is-coming-soon-samuel-f-b-morse-did-a-great-deal-for-the-worldby-his-inventions-pertaining-to-telegraphy-and-j-hrogers-of-washington-promises-to-double-the-utility-ofthe-telegraph-as-an-adjunct-to-modern-business-conveniencesthe-morse-alphabet-is-simple-and-easily-learned-but-theoperation-of-sending-a-message-by-means-of-its-image340287283.htmlRM2ANHBW7–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . mmercial venture. IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHY. A Practical Printing Telegraph already in Operation, and a Pic-torial Telegraph that reproduces Engravings is coming soon. Samuel F. B. Morse did a great deal for the worldby his inventions pertaining to telegraphy, and J. H.Rogers, of Washington, promises to double the utility ofthe telegraph as an adjunct to modern business conveniences.The Morse alphabet is simple and easily learned, but theoperation of sending a message by means of its
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . phStreets, Chicago, has twenty stories, and rises two hundredand seventy-four feet from the street level. It has four-teen elevators. The Reliance building, corner of Washington and StateStreets, Chicago, has sixteen stories, and is a trifle overtwo hundred feet in height. The Ames building in Boston measures one hundredand eighty-six feet from the sidewalk to the top of thecornice, and has thirteen stories. It is the tallest of itskind in New England, and cost about nine hundred thou- Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-phstreets-chicago-has-twenty-stories-and-rises-two-hundredand-seventy-four-feet-from-the-street-level-it-has-four-teen-elevators-the-reliance-building-corner-of-washington-and-statestreets-chicago-has-sixteen-stories-and-is-a-trifle-overtwo-hundred-feet-in-height-the-ames-building-in-boston-measures-one-hundredand-eighty-six-feet-from-the-sidewalk-to-the-top-of-thecornice-and-has-thirteen-stories-it-is-the-tallest-of-itskind-in-new-england-and-cost-about-nine-hundred-thou-image340298744.htmlRM2ANHXEG–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . phStreets, Chicago, has twenty stories, and rises two hundredand seventy-four feet from the street level. It has four-teen elevators. The Reliance building, corner of Washington and StateStreets, Chicago, has sixteen stories, and is a trifle overtwo hundred feet in height. The Ames building in Boston measures one hundredand eighty-six feet from the sidewalk to the top of thecornice, and has thirteen stories. It is the tallest of itskind in New England, and cost about nine hundred thou-
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. iron ring fitted to the extremity of a steel tube fromwhich it may be removed at pleasure, and carrying eight black diamondsfirmly set in its circumference. These eight diamonds are set alternatelyon the inner and outer edges of the face of the ring which is presentedto the rock. The mineral called here black diamond, is essentially thesame thing as the transparent gem of the same name, but is of greatlyinferior value. It is found both crystallized and uncrystallized j but, forthe purpose required in this op Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-iron-ring-fitted-to-the-extremity-of-a-steel-tube-fromwhich-it-may-be-removed-at-pleasure-and-carrying-eight-black-diamondsfirmly-set-in-its-circumference-these-eight-diamonds-are-set-alternatelyon-the-inner-and-outer-edges-of-the-face-of-the-ring-which-is-presentedto-the-rock-the-mineral-called-here-black-diamond-is-essentially-thesame-thing-as-the-transparent-gem-of-the-same-name-but-is-of-greatlyinferior-value-it-is-found-both-crystallized-and-uncrystallized-j-but-forthe-purpose-required-in-this-op-image337155120.htmlRM2AGEMP8–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. iron ring fitted to the extremity of a steel tube fromwhich it may be removed at pleasure, and carrying eight black diamondsfirmly set in its circumference. These eight diamonds are set alternatelyon the inner and outer edges of the face of the ring which is presentedto the rock. The mineral called here black diamond, is essentially thesame thing as the transparent gem of the same name, but is of greatlyinferior value. It is found both crystallized and uncrystallized j but, forthe purpose required in this op
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. at, in the various movements of ^the instrument, the roller must, at different times,be differently inclined to the direction in which it isdrawn along over the paper. In passing over agiven length of track, it will not therefore alwaysdevelop the same length of arc. It is upon this factthat the truthfulness of the indications depends.Fig. 147 illustrates the relation which subsists be-tween the space passed over and the arc developed.If a roller be moved on a plane surface from A to Bto its plane, it will s Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-at-in-the-various-movements-of-the-instrument-the-roller-must-at-different-timesbe-differently-inclined-to-the-direction-in-which-it-isdrawn-along-over-the-paper-in-passing-over-agiven-length-of-track-it-will-not-therefore-alwaysdevelop-the-same-length-of-arc-it-is-upon-this-factthat-the-truthfulness-of-the-indications-dependsfig-147-illustrates-the-relation-which-subsists-be-tween-the-space-passed-over-and-the-arc-developedif-a-roller-be-moved-on-a-plane-surface-from-a-to-bto-its-plane-it-will-s-image337122760.htmlRM2AGD7EG–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. at, in the various movements of ^the instrument, the roller must, at different times,be differently inclined to the direction in which it isdrawn along over the paper. In passing over agiven length of track, it will not therefore alwaysdevelop the same length of arc. It is upon this factthat the truthfulness of the indications depends.Fig. 147 illustrates the relation which subsists be-tween the space passed over and the arc developed.If a roller be moved on a plane surface from A to Bto its plane, it will s
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Neut & Dumonts Centrifugal Pump—vertical section. The tunnel seen in the vertical section, surmounting the pump, isdesigned to fill it with water before the commencement of motion. There Fig. 48.. Neut & Dumonts Centrifugal Pump—horizontal section. is, of course, presumed to be a valve at the bottom of the tube of aspiralion, opening upward. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS —COIGN ARD & CO. S. 185 COIGNARD & CO.S CENTRIFUGAL PUMP. In the pump of Messrs. Ooignard & Co., of Paris, there is a muchlarger departure from the ori Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/machinery-and-processes-of-the-industrial-arts-and-apparatus-of-the-exact-sciences-neut-dumonts-centrifugal-pumpvertical-section-the-tunnel-seen-in-the-vertical-section-surmounting-the-pump-isdesigned-to-fill-it-with-water-before-the-commencement-of-motion-there-fig-48-neut-dumonts-centrifugal-pumphorizontal-section-is-of-course-presumed-to-be-a-valve-at-the-bottom-of-the-tube-of-aspiralion-opening-upward-centrifugal-pumps-coign-ard-co-s-185-coignard-cos-centrifugal-pump-in-the-pump-of-messrs-ooignard-co-of-paris-there-is-a-muchlarger-departure-from-the-ori-image337149576.htmlRM2AGEDM8–. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. Neut & Dumonts Centrifugal Pump—vertical section. The tunnel seen in the vertical section, surmounting the pump, isdesigned to fill it with water before the commencement of motion. There Fig. 48.. Neut & Dumonts Centrifugal Pump—horizontal section. is, of course, presumed to be a valve at the bottom of the tube of aspiralion, opening upward. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS —COIGN ARD & CO. S. 185 COIGNARD & CO.S CENTRIFUGAL PUMP. In the pump of Messrs. Ooignard & Co., of Paris, there is a muchlarger departure from the ori
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . A, PLAIN VIEW OF TYPE ARMS ; B, FACE OF TYPE MAGNIFIED. alphabet was reduced to eight characters. Every letterknown to the English language is composed by these eightlittle marks in a manner wondrously simple, when you Fig. .38.. ROGEIUS .S TRANSMITTER. see how it is done. These eight characters are arrangedon radial arms, and .so attracted by magnets that theystrike combinations giving the different letters, which arepunched in a tape connected with the typewriter. The 15* 176 WONDERS Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-wonders-of-modern-mechanisma-rsum-of-recent-progress-in-mechanical-physical-and-engineering-science-a-plain-view-of-type-arms-b-face-of-type-magnified-alphabet-was-reduced-to-eight-characters-every-letterknown-to-the-english-language-is-composed-by-these-eightlittle-marks-in-a-manner-wondrously-simple-when-you-fig-38-rogeius-s-transmitter-see-how-it-is-done-these-eight-characters-are-arrangedon-radial-arms-and-so-attracted-by-magnets-that-theystrike-combinations-giving-the-different-letters-which-arepunched-in-a-tape-connected-with-the-typewriter-the-15-176-wonders-image340286904.htmlRM2ANHBBM–The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . A, PLAIN VIEW OF TYPE ARMS ; B, FACE OF TYPE MAGNIFIED. alphabet was reduced to eight characters. Every letterknown to the English language is composed by these eightlittle marks in a manner wondrously simple, when you Fig. .38.. ROGEIUS .S TRANSMITTER. see how it is done. These eight characters are arrangedon radial arms, and .so attracted by magnets that theystrike combinations giving the different letters, which arepunched in a tape connected with the typewriter. The 15* 176 WONDERS
