China: Ma Zhongying (Ma Chung-ying, c.1910-1937), wearing KMT 36th Division uniform, c. 1933. Hui Muslim general and scion of the Ma Clique of Northwest Muslim warlords during the Chinese Republic (1911-1949). The Ma clique is a collective name for a group of Hui (Muslim Chinese) warlords in northwestern China who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910s until 1949. There were three families in the Ma clique (‘Ma’ being a common Hui rendering of the common Muslim name, Muhammad), each of them controlling one area respectively. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/china-ma-zhongying-ma-chung-ying-c1910-1937-wearing-kmt-36th-division-uniform-c-1933-hui-muslim-general-and-scion-of-the-ma-clique-of-northwest-muslim-warlords-during-the-chinese-republic-1911-1949-the-ma-clique-is-a-collective-name-for-a-group-of-hui-muslim-chinese-warlords-in-northwestern-china-who-ruled-the-chinese-provinces-of-qinghai-gansu-and-ningxia-from-the-1910s-until-1949-there-were-three-families-in-the-ma-clique-ma-being-a-common-hui-rendering-of-the-common-muslim-name-muhammad-each-of-them-controlling-one-area-respectively-image344227240.html
RM2B00WA0–China: Ma Zhongying (Ma Chung-ying, c.1910-1937), wearing KMT 36th Division uniform, c. 1933. Hui Muslim general and scion of the Ma Clique of Northwest Muslim warlords during the Chinese Republic (1911-1949). The Ma clique is a collective name for a group of Hui (Muslim Chinese) warlords in northwestern China who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910s until 1949. There were three families in the Ma clique (‘Ma’ being a common Hui rendering of the common Muslim name, Muhammad), each of them controlling one area respectively.
[ 1910s Japan - Propaganda Postcard ] — Japanese propaganda postcard featuring a satirical caricature expressing the government’s concerns about the perceived dangers of foreign ideology (generally conceived to be communism). The illustration shows a blindfolded man holding a smoking bomb containing “foreign ideology that ignores the national polity.” In front of him is a circle with the text “our radiant country.” Title: “Dangerous choice” 20th century vintage postcard. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/1910s-japan-propaganda-postcard-japanese-propaganda-postcard-featuring-a-satirical-caricature-expressing-the-governments-concerns-about-the-perceived-dangers-of-foreign-ideology-generally-conceived-to-be-communism-the-illustration-shows-a-blindfolded-man-holding-a-smoking-bomb-containing-foreign-ideology-that-ignores-the-national-polity-in-front-of-him-is-a-circle-with-the-text-our-radiant-country-title-dangerous-choice-20th-century-vintage-postcard-image361618580.html
RM2C09458–[ 1910s Japan - Propaganda Postcard ] — Japanese propaganda postcard featuring a satirical caricature expressing the government’s concerns about the perceived dangers of foreign ideology (generally conceived to be communism). The illustration shows a blindfolded man holding a smoking bomb containing “foreign ideology that ignores the national polity.” In front of him is a circle with the text “our radiant country.” Title: “Dangerous choice” 20th century vintage postcard.
China: Ma Zhongying (Ma Chung-ying, c. 1910-1937) on horseback, wearing KMT 36th Division uniform, c. 1933. Hui Muslim general and scion of the Ma Clique of Northwest Muslim warlords during the Chinese Republic (1911-1949). The Ma clique is a collective name for a group of Hui (Muslim Chinese) warlords in northwestern China who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910s until 1949. There were three families in the Ma clique (‘Ma’ being a common Hui rendering of the common Muslim name, Muhammad), each of them controlling one area respectively. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/china-ma-zhongying-ma-chung-ying-c-1910-1937-on-horseback-wearing-kmt-36th-division-uniform-c-1933-hui-muslim-general-and-scion-of-the-ma-clique-of-northwest-muslim-warlords-during-the-chinese-republic-1911-1949-the-ma-clique-is-a-collective-name-for-a-group-of-hui-muslim-chinese-warlords-in-northwestern-china-who-ruled-the-chinese-provinces-of-qinghai-gansu-and-ningxia-from-the-1910s-until-1949-there-were-three-families-in-the-ma-clique-ma-being-a-common-hui-rendering-of-the-common-muslim-name-muhammad-each-of-them-controlling-one-area-respectively-image344227210.html
RM2B00W8X–China: Ma Zhongying (Ma Chung-ying, c. 1910-1937) on horseback, wearing KMT 36th Division uniform, c. 1933. Hui Muslim general and scion of the Ma Clique of Northwest Muslim warlords during the Chinese Republic (1911-1949). The Ma clique is a collective name for a group of Hui (Muslim Chinese) warlords in northwestern China who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910s until 1949. There were three families in the Ma clique (‘Ma’ being a common Hui rendering of the common Muslim name, Muhammad), each of them controlling one area respectively.
China: Flag of the Ma Warlord Clique in Northwest China, ca. 1911-1949. Attribution to Shazz (CC BY-SA 3.0 License). The Ma clique is a collective name for a group of Hui (Muslim Chinese) warlords in northwestern China who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910s until 1949. There were three families in the Ma clique (‘Ma’ being a common Hui rendering of the Muslim name, Muhammad), each of them respectively controlled one area. The three most prominent members of the clique were Ma Bufang, Ma Hongkui, and Ma Hongbin, collectively known as the Xibei San Ma. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/image-license-details/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/china-flag-of-the-ma-warlord-clique-in-northwest-china-ca-1911-1949-attribution-to-shazz-cc-by-sa-30-license-the-ma-clique-is-a-collective-name-for-a-group-of-hui-muslim-chinese-warlords-in-northwestern-china-who-ruled-the-chinese-provinces-of-qinghai-gansu-and-ningxia-from-the-1910s-until-1949-there-were-three-families-in-the-ma-clique-ma-being-a-common-hui-rendering-of-the-muslim-name-muhammad-each-of-them-respectively-controlled-one-area-the-three-most-prominent-members-of-the-clique-were-ma-bufang-ma-hongkui-and-ma-hongbin-collectively-known-as-the-xibei-san-ma-image344226870.html
RM2B00TTP–China: Flag of the Ma Warlord Clique in Northwest China, ca. 1911-1949. Attribution to Shazz (CC BY-SA 3.0 License). The Ma clique is a collective name for a group of Hui (Muslim Chinese) warlords in northwestern China who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910s until 1949. There were three families in the Ma clique (‘Ma’ being a common Hui rendering of the Muslim name, Muhammad), each of them respectively controlled one area. The three most prominent members of the clique were Ma Bufang, Ma Hongkui, and Ma Hongbin, collectively known as the Xibei San Ma.