Human rna model Cut Out Stock Images & Pictures

RFDP39JF–Human 80S ribosome

Gene therapy: introduction of retroviruses to modify mutated spinal cord cells of a newborn. Stock Photo

RF2JKWRMG–Gene therapy: introduction of retroviruses to modify mutated spinal cord cells of a newborn.

Human poliovirus, molecular model Stock Photo

RFDP27HH–Human poliovirus, molecular model

RM2F624W7–Human Cytoplasmic PheRS

RFDP2A48–Human poliovirus, molecular model

DNA and RNA. comparison and difference. Chemical structural formula and model of molecules DNA and RNA. Vector illustration Stock Vector

RF2FM2WNE–DNA and RNA. comparison and difference. Chemical structural formula and model of molecules DNA and RNA. Vector illustration

Influenza virus H3N2 strain. 3D illustration showing surface glycoprotein spikes hemagglutinin (orange) and neuraminidase (green) on an influenza (flu) virus particle. Haemagglutinin plays a role in attachment of the virus to human respiratory cells. Neuraminidase plays a role in releasing newly formed virus particles from an infected cell. H3N2 viruses are able to infect birds and mammals as well as humans. They often cause more severe infections in the young and elderly than other flu strains and can lead to increases in hospitalisations and deaths. Stock Photo

RFM08BHB–Influenza virus H3N2 strain. 3D illustration showing surface glycoprotein spikes hemagglutinin (orange) and neuraminidase (green) on an influenza (flu) virus particle. Haemagglutinin plays a role in attachment of the virus to human respiratory cells. Neuraminidase plays a role in releasing newly formed virus particles from an infected cell. H3N2 viruses are able to infect birds and mammals as well as humans. They often cause more severe infections in the young and elderly than other flu strains and can lead to increases in hospitalisations and deaths.

DNA vs RNA comparison. Similarities and Differences. infographic diagram. vector illustration for Educational explanation, and science use Stock Vector

RF2DHY2RK–DNA vs RNA comparison. Similarities and Differences. infographic diagram. vector illustration for Educational explanation, and science use

Molecular Structure Of DNA and RNA. Infographic Educational Illustration on white background Stock Photo

RF2E8WYGT–Molecular Structure Of DNA and RNA. Infographic Educational Illustration on white background

Spiral of DNA and RNA. differences in the structure of the DNA and RNA molecules. icons and Infographic Educational Vector Illustration. Stock Vector

RF2J65WFR–Spiral of DNA and RNA. differences in the structure of the DNA and RNA molecules. icons and Infographic Educational Vector Illustration.

Writing displaying text Rna Virus. Conceptual photo a virus genetic information is stored in the form of RNA Stock Photo

RF2PY69D2–Writing displaying text Rna Virus. Conceptual photo a virus genetic information is stored in the form of RNA

DNA, RNA, mRNA and Protein synthesis. Difference between Transcription and Translation. Biological functions of DNA. Genes and genomes. Genetic code. Stock Vector

RF2GD6HR4–DNA, RNA, mRNA and Protein synthesis. Difference between Transcription and Translation. Biological functions of DNA. Genes and genomes. Genetic code.

Coronavirus cell model illustration, Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic, 3D Render, conceptual, close up, black background Stock Photo

RF2BDABJ3–Coronavirus cell model illustration, Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic, 3D Render, conceptual, close up, black background

3D image of Dihydrouracil skeletal formula - molecular chemical structure of uracil intermediate isolated on white background Stock Photo

RF2JK434H–3D image of Dihydrouracil skeletal formula - molecular chemical structure of uracil intermediate isolated on white background

DNA Replication, Protein synthesis, Transcription and translation. Biological functions of DNA. Genes and genomes. Genetic code Stock Vector

RF2DHY2DR–DNA Replication, Protein synthesis, Transcription and translation. Biological functions of DNA. Genes and genomes. Genetic code

Simple diagram of transcription elongation. Transcription is the first step of gene expression Stock Photo

RF2G41DM6–Simple diagram of transcription elongation. Transcription is the first step of gene expression

DNA Replication and Transcription. Steps. double helix is unwound. Each separated strand acts as a template for replicating a new strand. Vector Stock Vector

RF2H81KAM–DNA Replication and Transcription. Steps. double helix is unwound. Each separated strand acts as a template for replicating a new strand. Vector

Argonaute-2 (human) enzyme. Part of the RISC complex and plays role in RNA interference (RNAi). 3D illustration. Cartoon representation with secondary Stock Photo

RFHWJ1BB–Argonaute-2 (human) enzyme. Part of the RISC complex and plays role in RNA interference (RNAi). 3D illustration. Cartoon representation with secondary

DNA Replication and Transcription. comparisons and differences. Replication - producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule Stock Vector

RF2H3G8P7–DNA Replication and Transcription. comparisons and differences. Replication - producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule

Argonaute-2 (human) enzyme. Part of the RISC complex and plays role in RNA interference (RNAi). 3D illustration. Atoms shown as spheres with conventio Stock Photo

RFHWJ1BD–Argonaute-2 (human) enzyme. Part of the RISC complex and plays role in RNA interference (RNAi). 3D illustration. Atoms shown as spheres with conventio

RF2JKWRME–Gene therapy: introduction of retroviruses to modify mutated spinal cord cells of a newborn.

DNA replication. biological process of producing two identical replicas from one original molecule. replication fork. Vector diagram Stock Vector

RF2K2YREA–DNA replication. biological process of producing two identical replicas from one original molecule. replication fork. Vector diagram

RM2F624W3–Human Mitochondrial PheRS

rotavirus infection or stomach flu. Small intestine, colon, and close-up of rotavirus virions. Human anatomy. Vector diagram for your design Stock Vector

RF2DGMXT8–rotavirus infection or stomach flu. Small intestine, colon, and close-up of rotavirus virions. Human anatomy. Vector diagram for your design

RF2RXC04J–Illustration logo of the DNA model. Dna log design. Healix logotype

RFM08BHC–Influenza virus H3N2 strain. 3D illustration showing surface glycoprotein spikes hemagglutinin (orange) and neuraminidase (green) on an influenza (flu) virus particle. Haemagglutinin plays a role in attachment of the virus to human respiratory cells. Neuraminidase plays a role in releasing newly formed virus particles from an infected cell. H3N2 viruses are able to infect birds and mammals as well as humans. They often cause more severe infections in the young and elderly than other flu strains and can lead to increases in hospitalisations and deaths.

Respiratory syncytial virus. RSV structure. Close-up of a orthopneumovirus. Virion anatomy. Magnified of virus that causes infections of a human respi Stock Vector

RF2WBRF76–Respiratory syncytial virus. RSV structure. Close-up of a orthopneumovirus. Virion anatomy. Magnified of virus that causes infections of a human respi

Guanine. Molecular model of the nucleobase guanine (C5.H5.N5.O). This is one of the bases found in the genetic molecules DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), where it is paired with cytosine. Atoms are represented as spheres and are colour-coded: carbon (grey), hydrogen (white), nitrogen (blue) and oxygen (red). Illustration. Stock Photo

RFHACNBK–Guanine. Molecular model of the nucleobase guanine (C5.H5.N5.O). This is one of the bases found in the genetic molecules DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), where it is paired with cytosine. Atoms are represented as spheres and are colour-coded: carbon (grey), hydrogen (white), nitrogen (blue) and oxygen (red). Illustration.

DNA or RNA helix vector isolated icons. Symbols of chromosome cell molecule, molecular chain of human genes or genome for genetics medical concept des Stock Vector

RF2EE5JHB–DNA or RNA helix vector isolated icons. Symbols of chromosome cell molecule, molecular chain of human genes or genome for genetics medical concept des

Human foamy virus (HFV), computer artwork. Stock Photo

RFE7TT8B–Human foamy virus (HFV), computer artwork.

transcription and translation. Protein synthesis. During transcription a section of DNA converted into a mRNA. mRNA is read by ribosomes Stock Vector

RF2JEX7YA–transcription and translation. Protein synthesis. During transcription a section of DNA converted into a mRNA. mRNA is read by ribosomes

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition, illustration. The human immunodeficiency virus single-stranded RNA genome is converted into double-stranded DNA by the viral reverse transcriptase (blue) and then the DNA is integrated in the DNA of an infected human cell. The reverse transcriptase is one of the main targets to disrupt the virus multiplication through an inhibitor. There are nucleoside and nucleotide inhibitors and non-nucleoside analogue inhibitors. One of these inhibitors (yellow) is shown binding to the reverse transcriptase. Stock Photo

RFPG98FR–HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition, illustration. The human immunodeficiency virus single-stranded RNA genome is converted into double-stranded DNA by the viral reverse transcriptase (blue) and then the DNA is integrated in the DNA of an infected human cell. The reverse transcriptase is one of the main targets to disrupt the virus multiplication through an inhibitor. There are nucleoside and nucleotide inhibitors and non-nucleoside analogue inhibitors. One of these inhibitors (yellow) is shown binding to the reverse transcriptase.

Coronavirus cell model illustration, Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic, 3D Render, conceptual, close up, white background Stock Photo

RF2BDA42N–Coronavirus cell model illustration, Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic, 3D Render, conceptual, close up, white background

Human rhinovirus, computer artwork. Stock Photo

RFE7TT8C–Human rhinovirus, computer artwork.

Rabies virus or Rhabdovirus. rabies virus causes rabies in humans and animals Stock Vector

RF2DGMYA9–Rabies virus or Rhabdovirus. rabies virus causes rabies in humans and animals

Microscopic 3D Visualization Of The Covid-19 Corona Virus Stock Photo

RF2C5MJX0–Microscopic 3D Visualization Of The Covid-19 Corona Virus

lysogenic cycle with bacteriophage. Lysogeny does not result in immediate lysing of the host cell. The virus remains dormant until host conditions Stock Vector

RF2DH789A–lysogenic cycle with bacteriophage. Lysogeny does not result in immediate lysing of the host cell. The virus remains dormant until host conditions

RF2HK2GG6–Transcript Simple vector icon. Illustration symbol design template for web mobile UI element.

Protein synthesis in ribosome. transcription and translation. synthesis of mRNA from DNA in the nucleus. The mRNA decoding ribosomes Stock Vector

RF2DHY2K0–Protein synthesis in ribosome. transcription and translation. synthesis of mRNA from DNA in the nucleus. The mRNA decoding ribosomes

Penetration and replication of a retrovirus (example: AIDS) in a host cell. Stock Photo

RF2JKWNWM–Penetration and replication of a retrovirus (example: AIDS) in a host cell.

Protein Digestion. Enzymes (proteases and peptidases) are digestion breaks the protein into smaller peptide chains and into single amino acids Stock Vector

RF2GD6J2H–Protein Digestion. Enzymes (proteases and peptidases) are digestion breaks the protein into smaller peptide chains and into single amino acids

RM2F624W5–Human Mitochondrial PheRS

Process of Denaturation and renaturation of proteins. Vector diagram for science, education, and medical use. Stock Vector

RF2DHY4GC–Process of Denaturation and renaturation of proteins. Vector diagram for science, education, and medical use.

Denaturation and renaturation of Proteins Stock Photo

RF2G41D05–Denaturation and renaturation of Proteins

viruses life cycle for example bacteriophage and bacteria. Schematic diagram. Stock Vector

RF2DG1YDF–viruses life cycle for example bacteriophage and bacteria. Schematic diagram.

DNA replication on white. Education info graphic. Stock Vector

RFJXK5G3–DNA replication on white. Education info graphic.

Gene mutation Normal DNA and helix with Mutated gene. Biological manipulation. Vector diagram Stock Vector

RF2J4CPD3–Gene mutation Normal DNA and helix with Mutated gene. Biological manipulation. Vector diagram

SARS-CoV2. Cross-sectional model of a coronavirus. Stock Photo

RF2CA1664–SARS-CoV2. Cross-sectional model of a coronavirus.

Rotavirus anatomy. structure of virion. Vector diagram of the location of rotavirus structural proteins. Rota virus causing acute gastroenteritis Stock Vector

RF2DGMY7P–Rotavirus anatomy. structure of virion. Vector diagram of the location of rotavirus structural proteins. Rota virus causing acute gastroenteritis

Illustration of chrome dna model isolated on white background Stock Photo

RFCWC5AG–Illustration of chrome dna model isolated on white background

Cell structure. Genetic material from Gene to DNA and Chromosome. genome sequence. Molecular biology. Vector poster Stock Vector

RF2PMHM55–Cell structure. Genetic material from Gene to DNA and Chromosome. genome sequence. Molecular biology. Vector poster

RF2BDABJA–Coronavirus cell model illustration, Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic, 3D Render, conceptual, close up, black background

RFE7TT8G–Human rhinovirus, computer artwork.

Structure of Cell. From Nucleobase like adenine to Gene, DNA and Chromosome. genome sequence. Molecular biology. Vector poster Stock Vector

RF2M22BHJ–Structure of Cell. From Nucleobase like adenine to Gene, DNA and Chromosome. genome sequence. Molecular biology. Vector poster

Bird flu virus. 3D illustration of avian influenza H5N8 virus particles. Within the viral lipid envelope (orange) are two types of protein spike, hemagglutinin (H, blue) and neuraminidase (N, green), which determine the strain of virus. This strain of the virus has caused disease in wild birds and poultry in Europe and Asia since June 2016. Unusually, the virus causes mortality in wild birds, which are more often silent carriers. As of December 2016 no human cases of the disease have been reported, and risk of transmission to humans is thought to be low. Stock Photo

RFHE4J7X–Bird flu virus. 3D illustration of avian influenza H5N8 virus particles. Within the viral lipid envelope (orange) are two types of protein spike, hemagglutinin (H, blue) and neuraminidase (N, green), which determine the strain of virus. This strain of the virus has caused disease in wild birds and poultry in Europe and Asia since June 2016. Unusually, the virus causes mortality in wild birds, which are more often silent carriers. As of December 2016 no human cases of the disease have been reported, and risk of transmission to humans is thought to be low.

Lytic cycle with bacteria and bacteriophage. Cycles of viral reproduction that results in the destruction of the infected cell. The stages of lytic Stock Vector

RF2DH784Y–Lytic cycle with bacteria and bacteriophage. Cycles of viral reproduction that results in the destruction of the infected cell. The stages of lytic

Destruction of bird flu virus, conceptual 3D illustration. This is an avian influenza H5N8 virus particle. This strain of the virus has caused disease in wild birds and poultry in Europe and Asia since June 2016. Unusually, the virus causes mortality in wild birds, which are more often silent carriers. As of February 2017 no human cases of the disease have been reported, and risk of transmission to humans is thought to be low. Stock Photo

RFHNAGTN–Destruction of bird flu virus, conceptual 3D illustration. This is an avian influenza H5N8 virus particle. This strain of the virus has caused disease in wild birds and poultry in Europe and Asia since June 2016. Unusually, the virus causes mortality in wild birds, which are more often silent carriers. As of February 2017 no human cases of the disease have been reported, and risk of transmission to humans is thought to be low.

Levels of protein structure from amino acids to Complex of protein molecule. Protein is a polymer (polypeptide) Stock Vector

RF2DHY4N9–Levels of protein structure from amino acids to Complex of protein molecule. Protein is a polymer (polypeptide)

RF2JKWNPM–Penetration and replication of a retrovirus (example: AIDS) in a host cell.

Gene mutation. Types of mutation: Insertion, Inversion, Deletion. Error during DNA replication. Normal DNA and helix with Mutated gene. Biological ma Stock Vector

RF2RJ7G27–Gene mutation. Types of mutation: Insertion, Inversion, Deletion. Error during DNA replication. Normal DNA and helix with Mutated gene. Biological ma

RF2C5MJX9–Microscopic 3D Visualization Of The Covid-19 Corona Virus

rotavirus or rota virus virion. Rota virus causing acute gastroenteritis in birds, mammals and humans. Stock Vector

RF2DGN0XR–rotavirus or rota virus virion. Rota virus causing acute gastroenteritis in birds, mammals and humans.

Structure of normal and disassembled protein Stock Photo

RF2G41D0F–Structure of normal and disassembled protein

Structure of influenza virus. virion. Vector diagram Stock Vector

RF2DGMXYW–Structure of influenza virus. virion. Vector diagram

Structure of human RECQ-like helicase in complex with DNA. 3D cartoon and Gaussian surface models, PDB 2wwy, white background Stock Photo

RF2HE1C50–Structure of human RECQ-like helicase in complex with DNA. 3D cartoon and Gaussian surface models, PDB 2wwy, white background

Protein structure. Amino acids, peptides, protein. Proteins formation model. Scientific diagram. Proteins molecule synthesis. Vector illustration. Stock Vector

RF2T04ENY–Protein structure. Amino acids, peptides, protein. Proteins formation model. Scientific diagram. Proteins molecule synthesis. Vector illustration.

RF2J6T12R–RNA related vector glyph icon. RNA sign. Isolated on white background. Editable vector illustration

Tailed bacteriophage Myoviridae, siphoviridae and podoviriade, microscopic model of virus infecting a bacterial cells to replicate itself. Microbiology and virology studying. Flat vector illustration Stock Vector

RF2Y2Y4T3–Tailed bacteriophage Myoviridae, siphoviridae and podoviriade, microscopic model of virus infecting a bacterial cells to replicate itself. Microbiology and virology studying. Flat vector illustration

Illustration of gold dna model isolated on white background Stock Photo

RFCWRTNY–Illustration of gold dna model isolated on white background

RF2J7JM6P–RNA related vector glyph icon. RNA sign. Isolated on white background. Editable vector illustration

RF2BDABJE–Coronavirus cell model illustration, Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic, 3D Render, conceptual, close up, black background

DNA replication. DNA molecules, molecular biology. Vector stock illustration. Stock Vector

RF2J529F5–DNA replication. DNA molecules, molecular biology. Vector stock illustration.

Structure of spiral Ribonucleic acid molecule. RNA molecule with nucleobases structure description - cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil. Stock Vector

RF2JBKP7H–Structure of spiral Ribonucleic acid molecule. RNA molecule with nucleobases structure description - cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil.

RF2HH9B98–RNA related vector glyph icon

Influenza virus. 3D illustration showing surface glycoprotein spikes hemagglutinin purple and neuraminidase orange Stock Photo

RF2R79XX3–Influenza virus. 3D illustration showing surface glycoprotein spikes hemagglutinin purple and neuraminidase orange

RFHNAGTX–Destruction of bird flu virus, conceptual 3D illustration. This is an avian influenza H5N8 virus particle. This strain of the virus has caused disease in wild birds and poultry in Europe and Asia since June 2016. Unusually, the virus causes mortality in wild birds, which are more often silent carriers. As of February 2017 no human cases of the disease have been reported, and risk of transmission to humans is thought to be low.

RF2WR1AH7–Vector illustration. DNA molecule icon isolated on white background.

RF2JKWNT1–Penetration and replication of a retrovirus (example: AIDS) in a host cell.

Bird flu virus. 3D illustration of an avian influenza H5N8 virus particle. Within the viral lipid envelope (red) are two types of protein spike, hemagglutinin (H, blue) and neuraminidase (N, purple), which determine the strain of virus. This strain of the virus has caused disease in wild birds and poultry in Europe and Asia since June 2016. Unusually, the virus causes mortality in wild birds, which are more often silent carriers. As of December 2016 no human cases of the disease have been reported, and risk of transmission to humans is thought to be low. Stock Photo

RFHE4J82–Bird flu virus. 3D illustration of an avian influenza H5N8 virus particle. Within the viral lipid envelope (red) are two types of protein spike, hemagglutinin (H, blue) and neuraminidase (N, purple), which determine the strain of virus. This strain of the virus has caused disease in wild birds and poultry in Europe and Asia since June 2016. Unusually, the virus causes mortality in wild birds, which are more often silent carriers. As of December 2016 no human cases of the disease have been reported, and risk of transmission to humans is thought to be low.

The structure of the enterovirus. Infographics. Vector illustration on isolated background Stock Vector

RF2AHWY2R–The structure of the enterovirus. Infographics. Vector illustration on isolated background

RF2N8KCNB–Writing displaying text Rna Virus. Conceptual photo a virus genetic information is stored in the form of RNA

Human primase, 3D cartoon model isolated, white background Stock Photo

RF2DH7AW5–Human primase, 3D cartoon model isolated, white background

RF2BDA45C–Coronavirus cell model illustration, Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic, 3D Render, conceptual, close up, white background

RF2J52CE0–DNA replication. DNA molecules, molecular biology. Vector stock illustration.

RF2BD0M2R–Coronavirus cell model illustration, Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic, 3D Render, conceptual, close up, white background

Structure of Ribonucleic acid and Deoxyribonucleic acid molecules. DNA and RNA nucleobases structure - cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil, thymine. Stock Vector

RF2JDA8AG–Structure of Ribonucleic acid and Deoxyribonucleic acid molecules. DNA and RNA nucleobases structure - cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil, thymine.

RF2BKHYAM–RNA related vector thin line icon

Influenza virus, Michigan strain. 3D illustration showing surface glycoprotein spikes hemagglutinin green and neuraminidase blue Stock Photo

RF2R79XW9–Influenza virus, Michigan strain. 3D illustration showing surface glycoprotein spikes hemagglutinin green and neuraminidase blue

RF2JKWNPG–Penetration and replication of a retrovirus (example: AIDS) in a host cell.

Bird flu virus. 3D illustration of an avian influenza H5N8 virus particle. Within the viral lipid envelope (purple) are two types of protein spike, hemagglutinin (H, green) and neuraminidase (N, pink), which determine the strain of virus. This strain of the virus has caused disease in wild birds and poultry in Europe and Asia since June 2016. Unusually, the virus causes mortality in wild birds, which are more often silent carriers. As of December 2016 no human cases of the disease have been reported, and risk of transmission to humans is thought to be low. Stock Photo

RFHE4J7W–Bird flu virus. 3D illustration of an avian influenza H5N8 virus particle. Within the viral lipid envelope (purple) are two types of protein spike, hemagglutinin (H, green) and neuraminidase (N, pink), which determine the strain of virus. This strain of the virus has caused disease in wild birds and poultry in Europe and Asia since June 2016. Unusually, the virus causes mortality in wild birds, which are more often silent carriers. As of December 2016 no human cases of the disease have been reported, and risk of transmission to humans is thought to be low.

Structure of human argonaute-1 complexed with let-7 miRNA. 3D cartoon model, secondary structure color scheme, PDB 4krf, white background Stock Photo

RF2HE1C5X–Structure of human argonaute-1 complexed with let-7 miRNA. 3D cartoon model, secondary structure color scheme, PDB 4krf, white background

RF2BD0M4R–Coronavirus cell model illustration, Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic, 3D Render, conceptual, close up, white background

Set of adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil chemical formulas. Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil structural chemical formulas. Stock Vector

RF2JBWX2T–Set of adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil chemical formulas. Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil structural chemical formulas.

RF2BKN5JW–RNA related vector thin line icon

Influenza virus. 3D illustration showing surface glycoprotein spikes hemagglutinin purple and neuraminidase green Stock Photo

RF2R79XT2–Influenza virus. 3D illustration showing surface glycoprotein spikes hemagglutinin purple and neuraminidase green

Bird flu virus. 3D illustration of an avian influenza H5N8 virus particle. Within the viral lipid envelope (orange) are two types of protein spike, hemagglutinin (H, blue) and neuraminidase (N, green), which determine the strain of virus. This strain of the virus has caused disease in wild birds and poultry in Europe and Asia since June 2016. Unusually, the virus causes mortality in wild birds, which are more often silent carriers. As of December 2016 no human cases of the disease have been reported, and risk of transmission to humans is thought to be low. Stock Photo

RFHE4J7P–Bird flu virus. 3D illustration of an avian influenza H5N8 virus particle. Within the viral lipid envelope (orange) are two types of protein spike, hemagglutinin (H, blue) and neuraminidase (N, green), which determine the strain of virus. This strain of the virus has caused disease in wild birds and poultry in Europe and Asia since June 2016. Unusually, the virus causes mortality in wild birds, which are more often silent carriers. As of December 2016 no human cases of the disease have been reported, and risk of transmission to humans is thought to be low.