Kinds of fungus Black and White Stock Photos & Images

. Pathogenic microörganisms; a practical manual for students, physicians, and health officers . Fig. 92.—-Hair riddled with ringworm fungus. Megalosporon variety.. Fig. 93.- -These two half-plates show three months growth on peptone-maltose agar oftwo megalosporon varieties of the ringworm fungus. Natural size. to the fact that there are several different kinds of species of fungusincluded under each type. The species included under T. microsporon arefew in number, and, with the exception of one which causes the common THE HYPHOMYCETES 237 contagious herpes of the horse, almost entirely human Stock Photo

RM2CE4KYP–. Pathogenic microörganisms; a practical manual for students, physicians, and health officers . Fig. 92.—-Hair riddled with ringworm fungus. Megalosporon variety.. Fig. 93.- -These two half-plates show three months growth on peptone-maltose agar oftwo megalosporon varieties of the ringworm fungus. Natural size. to the fact that there are several different kinds of species of fungusincluded under each type. The species included under T. microsporon arefew in number, and, with the exception of one which causes the common THE HYPHOMYCETES 237 contagious herpes of the horse, almost entirely human

. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. 6 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION, BULLETIN NO. 178. is the best course to pursue under the particular conditions in which his woodlot is situated. CAUSE OF DISEASE. First of all, let it be clearly understood that the chestnut blight is caused by a fungus and not by an insect, as is often erroneously supposed. The fact that insects of various kinds are found in the dead bark of an affected tree has often led to the conclusion that the trouble is of insect origin, but such is not the case and insects have no part in causing chestnut blight. DESCRIPTI Stock Photo

RMPG153P–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. 6 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION, BULLETIN NO. 178. is the best course to pursue under the particular conditions in which his woodlot is situated. CAUSE OF DISEASE. First of all, let it be clearly understood that the chestnut blight is caused by a fungus and not by an insect, as is often erroneously supposed. The fact that insects of various kinds are found in the dead bark of an affected tree has often led to the conclusion that the trouble is of insect origin, but such is not the case and insects have no part in causing chestnut blight. DESCRIPTI

Mushroom design template. Hand drawn vector food illustration on chalk board. Engraved style. Retro mushrooms different kinds background. Stock Vector

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. A practical course in botany, with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation. Botany. CRYPTOGAMS 333 that make up the lichen thallus would probably have to be classified separately, as algse or fungi, respectively, but as fructification is the generally accepted basis of classification, and the plant body is too intimately permeated with both kinds of tissue to be divided, each lichen body as a whole is classed with its particular kind of fungus. The entire group, on account of the distinctive characters that mark it, is. 473 474 Figs. 473, 474. — Fruticose Stock Photo

RMRE2HYY–. A practical course in botany, with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation. Botany. CRYPTOGAMS 333 that make up the lichen thallus would probably have to be classified separately, as algse or fungi, respectively, but as fructification is the generally accepted basis of classification, and the plant body is too intimately permeated with both kinds of tissue to be divided, each lichen body as a whole is classed with its particular kind of fungus. The entire group, on account of the distinctive characters that mark it, is. 473 474 Figs. 473, 474. — Fruticose

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. I50 Minnesota Plant Diseases. count of the infrequency of the occurrence of proper condi- tions, it might forget how to form sac-spores and would thus become independent of the sac-spore form. Both the produc- tion of different kinds of spores by one fungus plant and the production of spores on different hosts in one life-cycle would tend to furnish fungi where such a separation might occur. In addition to those forms where this actual separation and inde- pendence occurs there is a considerable assembly of spores, where the connection of apparently Stock Photo

RMPG4FF4–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. I50 Minnesota Plant Diseases. count of the infrequency of the occurrence of proper condi- tions, it might forget how to form sac-spores and would thus become independent of the sac-spore form. Both the produc- tion of different kinds of spores by one fungus plant and the production of spores on different hosts in one life-cycle would tend to furnish fungi where such a separation might occur. In addition to those forms where this actual separation and inde- pendence occurs there is a considerable assembly of spores, where the connection of apparently

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RMRDEXM3–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. I50 Minnesota Plant Diseases. count of the infrequency of the occurrence of proper condi- tions, it might forget how to form sac-spores and would thus become independent of the sac-spore form. Both the produc- tion of different kinds of spores by one fungus plant and the production of spores on different hosts in one life-cycle would tend to furnish fungi where such a separation might occur. In addition to those forms where this actual separation and inde- pendence occurs there is a considerable assembly of spores, where the connection of apparently

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 355 Among these molds the bkie (or green) mold is perhaps the most common. (See Chapter IX.) So common are the spores of these fungi in the atmosphere that one can find them at all times of the year, often in great abundance, everywhere. An- other common soft-rot of fruits is found in certain kinds of black mold. (See Chapter VIII.) The effect of these rots is a rapid softening of the affected parts of the fruit and, as the fungus spreads, the fruit is finally entirely softened and rendered worthless. The fungi gain entrance Stock Photo

RMPG4EKF–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 355 Among these molds the bkie (or green) mold is perhaps the most common. (See Chapter IX.) So common are the spores of these fungi in the atmosphere that one can find them at all times of the year, often in great abundance, everywhere. An- other common soft-rot of fruits is found in certain kinds of black mold. (See Chapter VIII.) The effect of these rots is a rapid softening of the affected parts of the fruit and, as the fungus spreads, the fruit is finally entirely softened and rendered worthless. The fungi gain entrance

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RMRDF4E7–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. 6 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION, BULLETIN NO. 178. is the best course to pursue under the particular conditions in which his woodlot is situated. CAUSE OF DISEASE. First of all, let it be clearly understood that the chestnut blight is caused by a fungus and not by an insect, as is often erroneously supposed. The fact that insects of various kinds are found in the dead bark of an affected tree has often led to the conclusion that the trouble is of insect origin, but such is not the case and insects have no part in causing chestnut blight. DESCRIPTI

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Chapter X. Fungi. Kinds of Fungi. Sac Fungi, Black knot and allies {Dothideacece in part). One of the most conspicuous fungi of Minnesota is the so-called black- knot fungus of cultivated and wild cherries and plums. In the mature stage of the fungus, its host-plant branches carry black knot-like swellings and distortions, which are very conspicuous. These knots so interfere with the nutrition of the branch beyond that the latter usually dies off in a year or two. The fungus then gradually works its way downward to the intersection of another branch, Stock Photo

RMPG4FGW–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Chapter X. Fungi. Kinds of Fungi. Sac Fungi, Black knot and allies {Dothideacece in part). One of the most conspicuous fungi of Minnesota is the so-called black- knot fungus of cultivated and wild cherries and plums. In the mature stage of the fungus, its host-plant branches carry black knot-like swellings and distortions, which are very conspicuous. These knots so interfere with the nutrition of the branch beyond that the latter usually dies off in a year or two. The fungus then gradually works its way downward to the intersection of another branch,

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. A manual of elementary zoology . Zoology. THE ANIMAL IN THE WORLD 535 Here must also be mentioned some special kinds of metabolism which Soec differ greatly, though not in principle, from the pro- Metabolisms cesses we have just traced. Certain organisms, such as the yeast fungus and many bacteria, are able to live without free oxygen, although they contain no chlorophyll to enable. Fig. 392. —Euglena viridis. At A A", Three positions of the body. them to obtain it by the splitting of carbon dioxide. Such organisms are called anaerobic. They obtain their energy by the decomposition of Stock Photo

RMRDHPJP–. A manual of elementary zoology . Zoology. THE ANIMAL IN THE WORLD 535 Here must also be mentioned some special kinds of metabolism which Soec differ greatly, though not in principle, from the pro- Metabolisms cesses we have just traced. Certain organisms, such as the yeast fungus and many bacteria, are able to live without free oxygen, although they contain no chlorophyll to enable. Fig. 392. —Euglena viridis. At A A", Three positions of the body. them to obtain it by the splitting of carbon dioxide. Such organisms are called anaerobic. They obtain their energy by the decomposition of

. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. lis A TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY other grasses, distorting them and producing the excrescent growths from which the ergot is obtained (Fig. 136).. Fig. 137.—Two kinds of cup-fungus. —After Ltndaxj. l[o.st attractive, however,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Coulter, John Merle, 1851-1928. New York, D. Appleton Stock Photo

RMPFYEJT–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. lis A TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY other grasses, distorting them and producing the excrescent growths from which the ergot is obtained (Fig. 136).. Fig. 137.—Two kinds of cup-fungus. —After Ltndaxj. l[o.st attractive, however,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Coulter, John Merle, 1851-1928. New York, D. Appleton

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RMRDE4CH–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Chapter X. Fungi. Kinds of Fungi. Sac Fungi, Black knot and allies {Dothideacece in part). One of the most conspicuous fungi of Minnesota is the so-called black- knot fungus of cultivated and wild cherries and plums. In the mature stage of the fungus, its host-plant branches carry black knot-like swellings and distortions, which are very conspicuous. These knots so interfere with the nutrition of the branch beyond that the latter usually dies off in a year or two. The fungus then gradually works its way downward to the intersection of another branch,

. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. DETAILED ACCOUNT OF SPECIFIC PLANT DISEASES SSI the broken stub of the main root system. Nature attempts to repair the damage in the tobacco by the formation of a cluster of. new roots, so that affected plants may not be killed, but remain in the stunted form (Figs. 196 and 197). The intercellular mycelium is septate, hyaline at first and consists of narrow hyphae. The fungus produces three kinds of spores, which. Fig. 196.—Tobacco roots affected by rot (Thielavia basicola). i. Inoculat Stock Photo

RMPG4474–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. DETAILED ACCOUNT OF SPECIFIC PLANT DISEASES SSI the broken stub of the main root system. Nature attempts to repair the damage in the tobacco by the formation of a cluster of. new roots, so that affected plants may not be killed, but remain in the stunted form (Figs. 196 and 197). The intercellular mycelium is septate, hyaline at first and consists of narrow hyphae. The fungus produces three kinds of spores, which. Fig. 196.—Tobacco roots affected by rot (Thielavia basicola). i. Inoculat

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. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. 196 VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY sitism. Others speak of reciprocal and antagonistic sym- biosis, to indicate these two different kinds of association. One of the best known cases of symbiosis in the strict sense is that of the Lichens. These are lowly organisms which are epiphytic upon tree trunks, old walls, rocks, and other supporting structures. They are composed always of two distinct plants, an Alga and a Fungus, which are closely united together to form a kind of thallus (fig. 97). The relative modes of arrangement differ in different Stock Photo

RMRDYHMA–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. 196 VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY sitism. Others speak of reciprocal and antagonistic sym- biosis, to indicate these two different kinds of association. One of the best known cases of symbiosis in the strict sense is that of the Lichens. These are lowly organisms which are epiphytic upon tree trunks, old walls, rocks, and other supporting structures. They are composed always of two distinct plants, an Alga and a Fungus, which are closely united together to form a kind of thallus (fig. 97). The relative modes of arrangement differ in different

. Manual of tree diseases . Trees. 308 MANUAL OF TREE DISEASES bark are invaded by the mycelium and the living tissues are killed. Fruiting-bodies of two kinds are formed by the causal fungus. They are sometimes considered as two separate species. One form is distinctly hoof-shaped with a jet-black and ex- tremely checked, charcoal-like upper surface (type of Forms igniarius, Fig. 59), while the other is more shelf-like, with the gray to black upper surface marked with concentric arched. Fig. 60. — Fruiting-body of Fames igniarius. This form is sometimes called Ftymes nigricans. ridges and is Stock Photo

RMPG0D4K–. Manual of tree diseases . Trees. 308 MANUAL OF TREE DISEASES bark are invaded by the mycelium and the living tissues are killed. Fruiting-bodies of two kinds are formed by the causal fungus. They are sometimes considered as two separate species. One form is distinctly hoof-shaped with a jet-black and ex- tremely checked, charcoal-like upper surface (type of Forms igniarius, Fig. 59), while the other is more shelf-like, with the gray to black upper surface marked with concentric arched. Fig. 60. — Fruiting-body of Fames igniarius. This form is sometimes called Ftymes nigricans. ridges and is

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RMRDE34X–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 355 Among these molds the bkie (or green) mold is perhaps the most common. (See Chapter IX.) So common are the spores of these fungi in the atmosphere that one can find them at all times of the year, often in great abundance, everywhere. An- other common soft-rot of fruits is found in certain kinds of black mold. (See Chapter VIII.) The effect of these rots is a rapid softening of the affected parts of the fruit and, as the fungus spreads, the fruit is finally entirely softened and rendered worthless. The fungi gain entrance

. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. NECTRIA. 185 Nectria. Perithecia yellow or red in colour, and generally produced in close tufts on stromata of the same colour. The asci con- tain eight bicellular spores and few or no paraphyses. Conidia â of various kinds and shapes are also produced. Nectrina cinnabarina Fr.^ (Britain and U.S. America). The -bright-red, button-shaped conidial cushions of this fungus may. Please note that these images are extracte Stock Photo

RMPG42JH–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. NECTRIA. 185 Nectria. Perithecia yellow or red in colour, and generally produced in close tufts on stromata of the same colour. The asci con- tain eight bicellular spores and few or no paraphyses. Conidia â of various kinds and shapes are also produced. Nectrina cinnabarina Fr.^ (Britain and U.S. America). The -bright-red, button-shaped conidial cushions of this fungus may. Please note that these images are extracte

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. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. THE FUNGUS BODY. 31 from a single cell, and is comparable to the thread-like body of the filamentous algae. There is, naturally, a great variety in the hyphje of differ- ent species of fungi. Some are relatively large ; others very small; some of even diameter and caliber, others irregular and with unequally thickened walls ; some very thin-walled, others very thick-walled. Between these extremes is to be found a complete gradation. They grow in length at the apex only. In many kinds partitions are formed at more Stock Photo

RMRDHBW7–. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. THE FUNGUS BODY. 31 from a single cell, and is comparable to the thread-like body of the filamentous algae. There is, naturally, a great variety in the hyphje of differ- ent species of fungi. Some are relatively large ; others very small; some of even diameter and caliber, others irregular and with unequally thickened walls ; some very thin-walled, others very thick-walled. Between these extremes is to be found a complete gradation. They grow in length at the apex only. In many kinds partitions are formed at more

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Chapter XII. Fungi. Kinds of Fungi. Basidium-bearing Fungi. The palisade fungi (Hymenomycetes). All of the remaining groups of the basidium-bearing fungi have one common charac- ter, viz.: the structure of the basidium. Like that of the weep- ing fungus the basidium is a single cell, not, however, fork-like. It usually bears its spores at the summit. The spores are com- monly four in number. The palisade fungi possess such single-celled basidia. The basidia are borne on fruiting bodies and are always arranged in a palisade which at least at maturity Stock Photo

RMPG4FCW–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Chapter XII. Fungi. Kinds of Fungi. Basidium-bearing Fungi. The palisade fungi (Hymenomycetes). All of the remaining groups of the basidium-bearing fungi have one common charac- ter, viz.: the structure of the basidium. Like that of the weep- ing fungus the basidium is a single cell, not, however, fork-like. It usually bears its spores at the summit. The spores are com- monly four in number. The palisade fungi possess such single-celled basidia. The basidia are borne on fruiting bodies and are always arranged in a palisade which at least at maturity

. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. Fig. 244.—Ectotrophic micorhizas. At left, mlcorhizal mantle on root of hickory {Carya ovata), in cross-section; at right, root-tip of an oak (Quercus), covered by fungus mantle. (After W. B. McDougall.) The mycelia either form a mantle or jacket at or near the surface of the young roots {ectotrophic, Fig. 244), or they penetrate through the cell-walls into the cell-cavities {endotrophic, Fig. 245). Recent careful studies seem to demonstrate that the ectotrophic mycorrhizas, common on the roots of many kinds of trees (hickory, oaks, birch, sugar-maple, larch, Stock Photo

RMRE2FDR–. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. Fig. 244.—Ectotrophic micorhizas. At left, mlcorhizal mantle on root of hickory {Carya ovata), in cross-section; at right, root-tip of an oak (Quercus), covered by fungus mantle. (After W. B. McDougall.) The mycelia either form a mantle or jacket at or near the surface of the young roots {ectotrophic, Fig. 244), or they penetrate through the cell-walls into the cell-cavities {endotrophic, Fig. 245). Recent careful studies seem to demonstrate that the ectotrophic mycorrhizas, common on the roots of many kinds of trees (hickory, oaks, birch, sugar-maple, larch,

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Chapter VI. Fungi. Parasites of Plants. JS Effect of parasite on host. We have already seen that para- sitism, in the broader sense, of a fungus on leaf-green plants is always one of two kinds of partnership, equal or unequal, and of the latter either the host or parasite may dominate. Now, equal partnerships are rare, and those unequal associa- tions with dominant hosts are also comparatively few, though science is rapidly adding many new examples to the list already known. The greatest number of partnerships are those in which the parasite is the p Stock Photo

RMPG45C3–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Chapter VI. Fungi. Parasites of Plants. JS Effect of parasite on host. We have already seen that para- sitism, in the broader sense, of a fungus on leaf-green plants is always one of two kinds of partnership, equal or unequal, and of the latter either the host or parasite may dominate. Now, equal partnerships are rare, and those unequal associa- tions with dominant hosts are also comparatively few, though science is rapidly adding many new examples to the list already known. The greatest number of partnerships are those in which the parasite is the p

. A manual of botany. Botany. 86 MANUAL OF BOTANY forms where two kinds of gametophyte are met with. The fungus producing Ergot {Claviceps) is an example of this. The first form consists of a feltworli of mycehum, fiUing the ovary of the Eye or Wheat plant, and giving rise by abstriction to Fig. 843.. riff. 843. Young sclerotium, c, of Claviceps growing up and supplanting the old sphaoelia, sph. Fig. 844. Section throngli the junction of the sphacelia with the sclerotium ol Claviceps, showing formaticn o£ gonidia. Fig. 845. Fig. 846.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned pa Stock Photo

RMRE0N4B–. A manual of botany. Botany. 86 MANUAL OF BOTANY forms where two kinds of gametophyte are met with. The fungus producing Ergot {Claviceps) is an example of this. The first form consists of a feltworli of mycehum, fiUing the ovary of the Eye or Wheat plant, and giving rise by abstriction to Fig. 843.. riff. 843. Young sclerotium, c, of Claviceps growing up and supplanting the old sphaoelia, sph. Fig. 844. Section throngli the junction of the sphacelia with the sclerotium ol Claviceps, showing formaticn o£ gonidia. Fig. 845. Fig. 846.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned pa

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. LICHENS 379 from a single cell, as in Yeast, to a massive mycelium which in some cases takes no definite shape while in others it forms a definitely shaped fruiting body. In parasitic forms the mycehum sometimes runs through the tissues of the hosts, and sometimes is chiefly superficial, sending only haustoria into the host.. Fig. 331. —Apple attacked by the Bitter Rot Fungus, Glomerella rufomaculans. After Alwood. The spores are of two kinds, conidiospores and ascospores. The conidiospores are borne free on projecting hyphae, and grow directly into Stock Photo

RMPG4B03–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. LICHENS 379 from a single cell, as in Yeast, to a massive mycelium which in some cases takes no definite shape while in others it forms a definitely shaped fruiting body. In parasitic forms the mycehum sometimes runs through the tissues of the hosts, and sometimes is chiefly superficial, sending only haustoria into the host.. Fig. 331. —Apple attacked by the Bitter Rot Fungus, Glomerella rufomaculans. After Alwood. The spores are of two kinds, conidiospores and ascospores. The conidiospores are borne free on projecting hyphae, and grow directly into

. Practical botany. Botany. THE BASIDIUM FUNGI (BASIDIOMYCPJTES) 251 to the fact that the underground mycelium either exhausts all available food, or deposits within the circle secretions which for a few years prevent further growth of this fungus. Upon logs, trees, and stumps many kinds of toadstools are found, as those shown in Figs. 207 and 208. But most abundant are the various species of Polyporus (meaning many pores) and other genera (Fig. 209). These often are hard. Fig. 207. A group of small toad- stools (Marasmius) growing from decaying wood Natural size Fig. 208. The oyster toadstool Stock Photo

RMRE3AYD–. Practical botany. Botany. THE BASIDIUM FUNGI (BASIDIOMYCPJTES) 251 to the fact that the underground mycelium either exhausts all available food, or deposits within the circle secretions which for a few years prevent further growth of this fungus. Upon logs, trees, and stumps many kinds of toadstools are found, as those shown in Figs. 207 and 208. But most abundant are the various species of Polyporus (meaning many pores) and other genera (Fig. 209). These often are hard. Fig. 207. A group of small toad- stools (Marasmius) growing from decaying wood Natural size Fig. 208. The oyster toadstool

. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. CURRANT DISEASES 215 After the spores escape, a whitish membrane is left about the edges of each pustule (Fig. 57); this disappears by the first of June and an empty depression remains. Affected trees are stunted : the tops have a peculiar bunched growth, the past season's growth is shortened, and fi- nally the needles turn yellowish in color. Cause of Euro- pean rust. This rust fungus, Cronartiu m Ribicola, like many others, is hetercecious; that is, it requires two distinct kinds of hosts for its full development. And during its life-his- tory five spore- Stock Photo

RMPG3PAC–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. CURRANT DISEASES 215 After the spores escape, a whitish membrane is left about the edges of each pustule (Fig. 57); this disappears by the first of June and an empty depression remains. Affected trees are stunted : the tops have a peculiar bunched growth, the past season's growth is shortened, and fi- nally the needles turn yellowish in color. Cause of Euro- pean rust. This rust fungus, Cronartiu m Ribicola, like many others, is hetercecious; that is, it requires two distinct kinds of hosts for its full development. And during its life-his- tory five spore-

. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. LICHENS 379 from a single cell, as in Yeast, to a massive mycelium which in some cases takes no definite shape while in others it forms a definitely shaped fruiting body. In parasitic forms the mycelium sometimes runs through the tissues of the hosts, and sometimes is chiefly superficial, sending only haustoria into the host.. Fig. 331. — Apple attacked by the Bitter Rot Fungus, Glomerella rufomaculans. After Alwood. The spores are of two kinds, conidiospores and ascospores. The conidiospores are borne free on projecting hyphae, and grow direct Stock Photo

RMRDWD1M–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. LICHENS 379 from a single cell, as in Yeast, to a massive mycelium which in some cases takes no definite shape while in others it forms a definitely shaped fruiting body. In parasitic forms the mycelium sometimes runs through the tissues of the hosts, and sometimes is chiefly superficial, sending only haustoria into the host.. Fig. 331. — Apple attacked by the Bitter Rot Fungus, Glomerella rufomaculans. After Alwood. The spores are of two kinds, conidiospores and ascospores. The conidiospores are borne free on projecting hyphae, and grow direct

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases.. eral fungi suffocate plants, causing death with or with- out true parasitism. A shelf fungus not uncommon in Min- nesota grows on the ground and often envelopes the bases of shrubs or sap- lings with its dark brown fruiting body. When it meets seedlings this envelopment may prevent the further growth of the host and suffocation re- sults. One of the black fungi attacks several kinds of grass plants and prevents the unfold- ing of the leaves and finally causes the death of its host plant. Stunting of plants and plant parts. Stock Photo

RMPG45C0–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases.. eral fungi suffocate plants, causing death with or with- out true parasitism. A shelf fungus not uncommon in Min- nesota grows on the ground and often envelopes the bases of shrubs or sap- lings with its dark brown fruiting body. When it meets seedlings this envelopment may prevent the further growth of the host and suffocation re- sults. One of the black fungi attacks several kinds of grass plants and prevents the unfold- ing of the leaves and finally causes the death of its host plant. Stunting of plants and plant parts.

RMRDE4MF–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Chapter VI. Fungi. Parasites of Plants. JS Effect of parasite on host. We have already seen that para- sitism, in the broader sense, of a fungus on leaf-green plants is always one of two kinds of partnership, equal or unequal, and of the latter either the host or parasite may dominate. Now, equal partnerships are rare, and those unequal associa- tions with dominant hosts are also comparatively few, though science is rapidly adding many new examples to the list already known. The greatest number of partnerships are those in which the parasite is the p

. Principles of American forestry . Forests and forestry. CHAPTER XIII. DURABILITY OF WOOD. Decay in Wood is due to the breaking down of the tissues by fungi. In some eases the fungus destroys the woody cells; in others it uses up the starch found in the cells and merely leaves a blue stain (bluing of lumber). Some kinds of fungi attack only con- ifers others only hard woods; some are confined to one species while othere may affect several species, but nrobably no one of them attacks all kinds of wood Fig. 63 shows the Fig, 70—"Shelf" fungus on the discoloration of wood by a stem of Stock Photo

RMPG46HX–. Principles of American forestry . Forests and forestry. CHAPTER XIII. DURABILITY OF WOOD. Decay in Wood is due to the breaking down of the tissues by fungi. In some eases the fungus destroys the woody cells; in others it uses up the starch found in the cells and merely leaves a blue stain (bluing of lumber). Some kinds of fungi attack only con- ifers others only hard woods; some are confined to one species while othere may affect several species, but nrobably no one of them attacks all kinds of wood Fig. 63 shows the Fig, 70—"Shelf" fungus on the discoloration of wood by a stem of

. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Figure31.—Conidiophores, conidia, and spores: a, of Botrytis sps. (No. 941) on Passiflora; b, of Ramularia nephrolepis (No. 896) on Nephrolepis exal- tata—conidiophores and two kinds of conidia. The fungus when fresh in the field is conspicuous on the lower sides of the dead spots, as either white, or vivid red, clumps of conidiophores. The vividness of the color is largely lost in dried material. The conidio- phores branch more than is usual and the variation in spore shape also is much more than is common in Ramularia.. Please note that these images are extracted fro Stock Photo

RMRPY151–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Figure31.—Conidiophores, conidia, and spores: a, of Botrytis sps. (No. 941) on Passiflora; b, of Ramularia nephrolepis (No. 896) on Nephrolepis exal- tata—conidiophores and two kinds of conidia. The fungus when fresh in the field is conspicuous on the lower sides of the dead spots, as either white, or vivid red, clumps of conidiophores. The vividness of the color is largely lost in dried material. The conidio- phores branch more than is usual and the variation in spore shape also is much more than is common in Ramularia.. Please note that these images are extracted fro

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 13 size. Being limited in size, they often live for a long period through which they produce their reproductive bodies and thus compensate for lack of size. In some cases they produce dif- ferent kinds of spores at different seasons. Such is the case in the fungus which causes rust diseases of grains. The sapro- phyte, on the other hand, has often an unlimited supply of mate-. FlG- 3.—Strands and storage organs. 1. Strands of a stalked puff-ball (Tylostoma) with young fruiting bodies attached- 2. Strands and storage organs o Stock Photo

RMPG45F4–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 13 size. Being limited in size, they often live for a long period through which they produce their reproductive bodies and thus compensate for lack of size. In some cases they produce dif- ferent kinds of spores at different seasons. Such is the case in the fungus which causes rust diseases of grains. The sapro- phyte, on the other hand, has often an unlimited supply of mate-. FlG- 3.—Strands and storage organs. 1. Strands of a stalked puff-ball (Tylostoma) with young fruiting bodies attached- 2. Strands and storage organs o

RMRDE4M0–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases.. eral fungi suffocate plants, causing death with or with- out true parasitism. A shelf fungus not uncommon in Min- nesota grows on the ground and often envelopes the bases of shrubs or sap- lings with its dark brown fruiting body. When it meets seedlings this envelopment may prevent the further growth of the host and suffocation re- sults. One of the black fungi attacks several kinds of grass plants and prevents the unfold- ing of the leaves and finally causes the death of its host plant. Stunting of plants and plant parts.

. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. Fig. 137.—Two kinds of cup-fungus. —After Ltndaxj. l[o.st attractive, however,. Fig. 139.—The common edible morel, the depressions in the surface being lined by a layer of asci.—After Gibson. Fig. 138.—A cup-fungus growing on a spruce.—After Rehm. is the group of sac Fungi with spore-fruits shaped like saucers, cups, funnels, flat disks, etc.; for the lining, made up of a layer of the spore - containing sacs, is often some brilliant shade of red, yellow, or brown (Figs. 137 and 138). The scarlet-lined cups of certain forms are often seen Stock Photo

RMPFYEJD–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. Fig. 137.—Two kinds of cup-fungus. —After Ltndaxj. l[o.st attractive, however,. Fig. 139.—The common edible morel, the depressions in the surface being lined by a layer of asci.—After Gibson. Fig. 138.—A cup-fungus growing on a spruce.—After Rehm. is the group of sac Fungi with spore-fruits shaped like saucers, cups, funnels, flat disks, etc.; for the lining, made up of a layer of the spore - containing sacs, is often some brilliant shade of red, yellow, or brown (Figs. 137 and 138). The scarlet-lined cups of certain forms are often seen

RMRDE19E–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. DETAILED ACCOUNT OF SPECIFIC PLANT DISEASES SSI the broken stub of the main root system. Nature attempts to repair the damage in the tobacco by the formation of a cluster of. new roots, so that affected plants may not be killed, but remain in the stunted form (Figs. 196 and 197). The intercellular mycelium is septate, hyaline at first and consists of narrow hyphae. The fungus produces three kinds of spores, which. Fig. 196.—Tobacco roots affected by rot (Thielavia basicola). i. Inoculat

. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. 24 Minnesota Plant Diseases.. Fig. 10.—Various of the most common kinds of fruiting bodies of fungi, 1. Birds-nest fungus. 2. A gill fungus. 3. Caterpillar fungus, one on grub and other on fly. 4. Club fungus. 6. Carrion fungus. 6. Pore fungus. 7. A morel. 8. Puff-ball. 9. Truffle. 10. Cup fungus. 11. Sac-spore-capsulc of powdery mildew (highly magnified). 1-8. After Engler and Prantl; 10, After Rehm; 9 and l"", after Tulasne.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for rea Stock Photo

RMPG45E6–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. 24 Minnesota Plant Diseases.. Fig. 10.—Various of the most common kinds of fruiting bodies of fungi, 1. Birds-nest fungus. 2. A gill fungus. 3. Caterpillar fungus, one on grub and other on fly. 4. Club fungus. 6. Carrion fungus. 6. Pore fungus. 7. A morel. 8. Puff-ball. 9. Truffle. 10. Cup fungus. 11. Sac-spore-capsulc of powdery mildew (highly magnified). 1-8. After Engler and Prantl; 10, After Rehm; 9 and l"", after Tulasne.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for rea

RMRDEXGJ–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Chapter XII. Fungi. Kinds of Fungi. Basidium-bearing Fungi. The palisade fungi (Hymenomycetes). All of the remaining groups of the basidium-bearing fungi have one common charac- ter, viz.: the structure of the basidium. Like that of the weep- ing fungus the basidium is a single cell, not, however, fork-like. It usually bears its spores at the summit. The spores are com- monly four in number. The palisade fungi possess such single-celled basidia. The basidia are borne on fruiting bodies and are always arranged in a palisade which at least at maturity

RMRDCXHT–. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. CURRANT DISEASES 215 After the spores escape, a whitish membrane is left about the edges of each pustule (Fig. 57); this disappears by the first of June and an empty depression remains. Affected trees are stunted : the tops have a peculiar bunched growth, the past season's growth is shortened, and fi- nally the needles turn yellowish in color. Cause of Euro- pean rust. This rust fungus, Cronartiu m Ribicola, like many others, is hetercecious; that is, it requires two distinct kinds of hosts for its full development. And during its life-his- tory five spore-

RMRDFDW4–. Manual of tree diseases . Trees. 308 MANUAL OF TREE DISEASES bark are invaded by the mycelium and the living tissues are killed. Fruiting-bodies of two kinds are formed by the causal fungus. They are sometimes considered as two separate species. One form is distinctly hoof-shaped with a jet-black and ex- tremely checked, charcoal-like upper surface (type of Forms igniarius, Fig. 59), while the other is more shelf-like, with the gray to black upper surface marked with concentric arched. Fig. 60. — Fruiting-body of Fames igniarius. This form is sometimes called Ftymes nigricans. ridges and is

. Practical botany. Botany. 38 PRACTICAL BOTANY 38. Partnership of roots and filaments of fungi. Many of the llowerless plants known by the general name of fungi form a dense network of very minute threads. Such a network is found in intimate association with the roots of many kinds of flowermg plants. It is especially com- mon on the roots of those which cannot manufacture plant food by photosyn- D^-'; ,1 7 j©^ thesis, but it also occurs on other plants -^fft^^i^aCUl with green leaves, such as pines and beeches. On the roots of the beech the fungus filaments are found united into a sort of me Stock Photo

RMRE2MGM–. Practical botany. Botany. 38 PRACTICAL BOTANY 38. Partnership of roots and filaments of fungi. Many of the llowerless plants known by the general name of fungi form a dense network of very minute threads. Such a network is found in intimate association with the roots of many kinds of flowermg plants. It is especially com- mon on the roots of those which cannot manufacture plant food by photosyn- D^-'; ,1 7 j©^ thesis, but it also occurs on other plants -^fft^^i^aCUl with green leaves, such as pines and beeches. On the roots of the beech the fungus filaments are found united into a sort of me

RMRDC25Y–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. NECTRIA. 185 Nectria. Perithecia yellow or red in colour, and generally produced in close tufts on stromata of the same colour. The asci con- tain eight bicellular spores and few or no paraphyses. Conidia â of various kinds and shapes are also produced. Nectrina cinnabarina Fr.^ (Britain and U.S. America). The -bright-red, button-shaped conidial cushions of this fungus may. Please note that these images are extracte

RMRDED3C–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. LICHENS 379 from a single cell, as in Yeast, to a massive mycelium which in some cases takes no definite shape while in others it forms a definitely shaped fruiting body. In parasitic forms the mycehum sometimes runs through the tissues of the hosts, and sometimes is chiefly superficial, sending only haustoria into the host.. Fig. 331. —Apple attacked by the Bitter Rot Fungus, Glomerella rufomaculans. After Alwood. The spores are of two kinds, conidiospores and ascospores. The conidiospores are borne free on projecting hyphae, and grow directly into

RMRDDC22–. Principles of American forestry . Forests and forestry. CHAPTER XIII. DURABILITY OF WOOD. Decay in Wood is due to the breaking down of the tissues by fungi. In some eases the fungus destroys the woody cells; in others it uses up the starch found in the cells and merely leaves a blue stain (bluing of lumber). Some kinds of fungi attack only con- ifers others only hard woods; some are confined to one species while othere may affect several species, but nrobably no one of them attacks all kinds of wood Fig. 63 shows the Fig, 70—"Shelf" fungus on the discoloration of wood by a stem of

RMRDE4TK–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 13 size. Being limited in size, they often live for a long period through which they produce their reproductive bodies and thus compensate for lack of size. In some cases they produce dif- ferent kinds of spores at different seasons. Such is the case in the fungus which causes rust diseases of grains. The sapro- phyte, on the other hand, has often an unlimited supply of mate-. FlG- 3.—Strands and storage organs. 1. Strands of a stalked puff-ball (Tylostoma) with young fruiting bodies attached- 2. Strands and storage organs o

RMRDAAKT–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. Fig. 137.—Two kinds of cup-fungus. —After Ltndaxj. l[o.st attractive, however,. Fig. 139.—The common edible morel, the depressions in the surface being lined by a layer of asci.—After Gibson. Fig. 138.—A cup-fungus growing on a spruce.—After Rehm. is the group of sac Fungi with spore-fruits shaped like saucers, cups, funnels, flat disks, etc.; for the lining, made up of a layer of the spore - containing sacs, is often some brilliant shade of red, yellow, or brown (Figs. 137 and 138). The scarlet-lined cups of certain forms are often seen

RMRDE4R4–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. 24 Minnesota Plant Diseases.. Fig. 10.—Various of the most common kinds of fruiting bodies of fungi, 1. Birds-nest fungus. 2. A gill fungus. 3. Caterpillar fungus, one on grub and other on fly. 4. Club fungus. 6. Carrion fungus. 6. Pore fungus. 7. A morel. 8. Puff-ball. 9. Truffle. 10. Cup fungus. 11. Sac-spore-capsulc of powdery mildew (highly magnified). 1-8. After Engler and Prantl; 10, After Rehm; 9 and l"", after Tulasne.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for rea

. Common weeds of Canada [microform] : a pocket guide. Weeds; Mauvaises herbes, Lutte contre les; Weeds; Mauvaises herbes. COMMON WEEDS OF CAADA 27 iiarrow the ious kinds, on which r, will help i carefully ins of de- P- a fungus of grasses ers of rye, "e grasses, es known occupying le grains, structuret e natural from the manner; in many s are not lich they solid, and th a fur- ^h black Lit side, it y or oily got con- mpounds esses in 1 wheat t causes extremi- iiderable id other i should nish its â n ergot, ould be ? fungus has ha<l time to mature sjxjres. The tops of grasses should b Stock Photo

RMRENF7D–. Common weeds of Canada [microform] : a pocket guide. Weeds; Mauvaises herbes, Lutte contre les; Weeds; Mauvaises herbes. COMMON WEEDS OF CAADA 27 iiarrow the ious kinds, on which r, will help i carefully ins of de- P- a fungus of grasses ers of rye, "e grasses, es known occupying le grains, structuret e natural from the manner; in many s are not lich they solid, and th a fur- ^h black Lit side, it y or oily got con- mpounds esses in 1 wheat t causes extremi- iiderable id other i should nish its â n ergot, ould be ? fungus has ha<l time to mature sjxjres. The tops of grasses should b

RMRDAAM0–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. lis A TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY other grasses, distorting them and producing the excrescent growths from which the ergot is obtained (Fig. 136).. Fig. 137.—Two kinds of cup-fungus. —After Ltndaxj. l[o.st attractive, however,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Coulter, John Merle, 1851-1928. New York, D. Appleton

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