Lenses light concave convex Stock Photos and Images
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Lenses light concave convex Stock Photos and Images
Light beams in colorblind-friendly colors pass trough both a concave and a convex demonstration lens, the influence on the beams can be seen on the sc Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-light-beams-in-colorblind-friendly-colors-pass-trough-both-a-concave-176829118.htmlRFM7K79J–Light beams in colorblind-friendly colors pass trough both a concave and a convex demonstration lens, the influence on the beams can be seen on the sc
Positive and negative lenses Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-positive-and-negative-lenses-38251776.htmlRMC66EET–Positive and negative lenses
Light beams in colorblind-friendly colors pass trough a concave and a convex demonstration lens, the influence on the beams can be seen on the screen Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-light-beams-in-colorblind-friendly-colors-pass-trough-a-concave-and-176792304.htmlRFM7HGAT–Light beams in colorblind-friendly colors pass trough a concave and a convex demonstration lens, the influence on the beams can be seen on the screen
Images formed by convex and concave lenses Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-images-formed-by-convex-and-concave-lenses-84972697.htmlRMEX6RF5–Images formed by convex and concave lenses
Light beams in colorblind-friendly colors pass trough an array of demonstration lenses, the influence on the beams can be seen on the screen Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-light-beams-in-colorblind-friendly-colors-pass-trough-an-array-of-176829117.htmlRFM7K79H–Light beams in colorblind-friendly colors pass trough an array of demonstration lenses, the influence on the beams can be seen on the screen
Different forms of simple lenses and objects to refract rays. Prism and pane with plane surfaces, a sphere, followed by convex and concave lenses. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/different-forms-of-simple-lenses-and-objects-to-refract-rays-prism-and-pane-with-plane-surfaces-a-sphere-followed-by-convex-and-concave-lenses-image561161664.htmlRF2RGY3C0–Different forms of simple lenses and objects to refract rays. Prism and pane with plane surfaces, a sphere, followed by convex and concave lenses.
Light beams in colorblind-friendly colors pass trough a demonstration lens, the influence on the beams can be seen on the screen Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-light-beams-in-colorblind-friendly-colors-pass-trough-a-demonstration-176829121.htmlRFM7K79N–Light beams in colorblind-friendly colors pass trough a demonstration lens, the influence on the beams can be seen on the screen
View through a meniscus lens the concave side facing camera Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-view-through-a-meniscus-lens-the-concave-side-facing-camera-15709555.htmlRMAP8D8M–View through a meniscus lens the concave side facing camera
Seaside public Binoculars at Hastings pier Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/seaside-public-binoculars-at-hastings-pier-image437535675.htmlRM2GBRD63–Seaside public Binoculars at Hastings pier
Set of glass lenses of different cross sections. Vector illustration. Collection of optical devices. Stock Vectorhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/set-of-glass-lenses-of-different-cross-sections-vector-illustration-collection-of-optical-devices-image225290267.htmlRFR2ET0Y–Set of glass lenses of different cross sections. Vector illustration. Collection of optical devices.
Scientific amusements . Concave and convex lenses. the sun as it converges the rays to. its focus. But lenseswill do more than this, and in the Photographic Camerawe find great interest and amusement. Photography (or writing by light) depends upon theproperty which certain preparations possess of beingblackened by exposure to light while in contact with. TxTises :or Jong and short sight. matter. By an achromatic arrangement of lenses thecamera gives us a representation of the desired objectThe cut on page 127 shows the image on the plate, andthe lower illustration gives the arrangement of lens Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/scientific-amusements-concave-and-convex-lenses-the-sun-as-it-converges-the-rays-to-its-focus-but-lenseswill-do-more-than-this-and-in-the-photographic-camerawe-find-great-interest-and-amusement-photography-or-writing-by-light-depends-upon-theproperty-which-certain-preparations-possess-of-beingblackened-by-exposure-to-light-while-in-contact-with-txtises-or-jong-and-short-sight-matter-by-an-achromatic-arrangement-of-lenses-thecamera-gives-us-a-representation-of-the-desired-objectthe-cut-on-page-127-shows-the-image-on-the-plate-andthe-lower-illustration-gives-the-arrangement-of-lens-image343273762.htmlRM2AXDD56–Scientific amusements . Concave and convex lenses. the sun as it converges the rays to. its focus. But lenseswill do more than this, and in the Photographic Camerawe find great interest and amusement. Photography (or writing by light) depends upon theproperty which certain preparations possess of beingblackened by exposure to light while in contact with. TxTises :or Jong and short sight. matter. By an achromatic arrangement of lenses thecamera gives us a representation of the desired objectThe cut on page 127 shows the image on the plate, andthe lower illustration gives the arrangement of lens
Types And Classification Of Simple Lenses classified by the curvature of the two optical surfaces - converging and diverging Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/types-and-classification-of-simple-lenses-classified-by-the-curvature-image61535959.htmlRFDG35MR–Types And Classification Of Simple Lenses classified by the curvature of the two optical surfaces - converging and diverging
converging lens and diverging lens Stock Vectorhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/converging-lens-and-diverging-lens-image438685236.htmlRF2GDKRDT–converging lens and diverging lens
Technician's rubber-gloved hand holding up a manufactured lens. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/technicians-rubber-gloved-hand-holding-up-a-manufactured-lens-image6294065.htmlRMA4DCK2–Technician's rubber-gloved hand holding up a manufactured lens.
Diagram of simple model of a periscope. Stock Vectorhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/diagram-of-simple-model-of-a-periscope-image483806968.htmlRF2K338M8–Diagram of simple model of a periscope.
Lenses physics icon. Simple illustration of lenses physics vector icon for web design isolated on white background Stock Vectorhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/lenses-physics-icon-simple-illustration-of-lenses-physics-vector-icon-for-web-design-isolated-on-white-background-image336500233.htmlRF2AFCWDD–Lenses physics icon. Simple illustration of lenses physics vector icon for web design isolated on white background
WOMAN HOLDING GLASS LENS Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/woman-holding-glass-lens-image156409.htmlRMA262F9–WOMAN HOLDING GLASS LENS
Positive and negative lenses Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-positive-and-negative-lenses-38251792.htmlRMC66EFC–Positive and negative lenses
View through a meniscus lens, the convex side facing camera. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-view-through-a-meniscus-lens-the-convex-side-facing-camera-15709392.htmlRMAP8CPW–View through a meniscus lens, the convex side facing camera.
Set of glass lenses of different cross sections. Vector illustration. Collection of optical vitreous. Stock Vectorhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/set-of-glass-lenses-of-different-cross-sections-vector-illustration-collection-of-optical-vitreous-image228677109.htmlRFR813YH–Set of glass lenses of different cross sections. Vector illustration. Collection of optical vitreous.
A system of surgery : theoretical and practical . by means of one ormore lenses placed in front of the flame, and a concave reflector or white reflectingsurface placed behind it. Of all the so-called light concentrators which I haveseen, I believe Mackenzies is the best for ordinary use. It consists of a metalliccylinder having a short branch which bears a plano-convex lens two or three inchesin diameter. The cylinder replaces the glass chimney of the Argand gas-burner ;and its branch is so situated, and of such dimensions, that the lens is opposite themiddle of the flame, and receives and con Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-system-of-surgery-theoretical-and-practical-by-means-of-one-ormore-lenses-placed-in-front-of-the-flame-and-a-concave-reflector-or-white-reflectingsurface-placed-behind-it-of-all-the-so-called-light-concentrators-which-i-haveseen-i-believe-mackenzies-is-the-best-for-ordinary-use-it-consists-of-a-metalliccylinder-having-a-short-branch-which-bears-a-plano-convex-lens-two-or-three-inchesin-diameter-the-cylinder-replaces-the-glass-chimney-of-the-argand-gas-burner-and-its-branch-is-so-situated-and-of-such-dimensions-that-the-lens-is-opposite-themiddle-of-the-flame-and-receives-and-con-image342782249.htmlRM2AWK275–A system of surgery : theoretical and practical . by means of one ormore lenses placed in front of the flame, and a concave reflector or white reflectingsurface placed behind it. Of all the so-called light concentrators which I haveseen, I believe Mackenzies is the best for ordinary use. It consists of a metalliccylinder having a short branch which bears a plano-convex lens two or three inchesin diameter. The cylinder replaces the glass chimney of the Argand gas-burner ;and its branch is so situated, and of such dimensions, that the lens is opposite themiddle of the flame, and receives and con
A text-book of physics, largely experimentalOn the Harvard college 'Descriptive list of elementary physical experiments.' . FIG. 133. middle than at the margin, and cause parallel light-raysto diverge, as in Fig. 133. Some of the lenses used in the most accurate optical in-struments have convex or concave surfaces which are not REFRACTION OF LIGHT. strictly parts of spherical surfaces. Such lenses possesscertain advantages over spherical-surfaces lenses (see § 170). 160. Definitions Relating to Lenses.—The lenses weshall use will be much like No. 1 in Fig. 131. The twosides are supposed to be Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-text-book-of-physics-largely-experimentalon-the-harvard-college-descriptive-list-of-elementary-physical-experiments-fig-133-middle-than-at-the-margin-and-cause-parallel-light-raysto-diverge-as-in-fig-133-some-of-the-lenses-used-in-the-most-accurate-optical-in-struments-have-convex-or-concave-surfaces-which-are-not-refraction-of-light-strictly-parts-of-spherical-surfaces-such-lenses-possesscertain-advantages-over-spherical-surfaces-lenses-see-170-160-definitions-relating-to-lensesthe-lenses-weshall-use-will-be-much-like-no-1-in-fig-131-the-twosides-are-supposed-to-be-image339359312.htmlRM2AM347C–A text-book of physics, largely experimentalOn the Harvard college 'Descriptive list of elementary physical experiments.' . FIG. 133. middle than at the margin, and cause parallel light-raysto diverge, as in Fig. 133. Some of the lenses used in the most accurate optical in-struments have convex or concave surfaces which are not REFRACTION OF LIGHT. strictly parts of spherical surfaces. Such lenses possesscertain advantages over spherical-surfaces lenses (see § 170). 160. Definitions Relating to Lenses.—The lenses weshall use will be much like No. 1 in Fig. 131. The twosides are supposed to be
![Light; a course of experimental optics, chiefly with the lantern . Fig. 44.—Nature of a Lens. may represent such a combination of prisms in section. Aglance at the diagram shows that the outer parallel rays,from the left hand, meeting prisms of greater obliquities,are more deflected than those nearer the centre: and that III.] Lenses. 6i if the obliquities are properly adjusted, all might be madeto converge in one point. If the obliquities are infinitein number, it is obvious we get curved surfaces, and suchform a lens. These may either be convex or concave oneither or both surfaces, or flat o Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AKHWDW/light-a-course-of-experimental-optics-chiefly-with-the-lantern-fig-44nature-of-a-lens-may-represent-such-a-combination-of-prisms-in-section-aglance-at-the-diagram-shows-that-the-outer-parallel-raysfrom-the-left-hand-meeting-prisms-of-greater-obliquitiesare-more-deflected-than-those-nearer-the-centre-and-that-iii-lenses-6i-if-the-obliquities-are-properly-adjusted-all-might-be-madeto-converge-in-one-point-if-the-obliquities-are-infinitein-number-it-is-obvious-we-get-curved-surfaces-and-suchform-a-lens-these-may-either-be-convex-or-concave-oneither-or-both-surfaces-or-flat-o-2AKHWDW.jpg "Light; a course of experimental optics, chiefly with the lantern . Fig. 44.—Nature of a Lens. may represent such a combination of prisms in section. Aglance at the diagram shows that the outer parallel rays,from the left hand, meeting prisms of greater obliquities,are more deflected than those nearer the centre: and that III.] Lenses. 6i if the obliquities are properly adjusted, all might be madeto converge in one point. If the obliquities are infinitein number, it is obvious we get curved surfaces, and suchform a lens. These may either be convex or concave oneither or both surfaces, or flat o Stock Photo")
Light; a course of experimental optics, chiefly with the lantern . Fig. 44.—Nature of a Lens. may represent such a combination of prisms in section. Aglance at the diagram shows that the outer parallel rays,from the left hand, meeting prisms of greater obliquities,are more deflected than those nearer the centre: and that III.] Lenses. 6i if the obliquities are properly adjusted, all might be madeto converge in one point. If the obliquities are infinitein number, it is obvious we get curved surfaces, and suchform a lens. These may either be convex or concave oneither or both surfaces, or flat o Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/light-a-course-of-experimental-optics-chiefly-with-the-lantern-fig-44nature-of-a-lens-may-represent-such-a-combination-of-prisms-in-section-aglance-at-the-diagram-shows-that-the-outer-parallel-raysfrom-the-left-hand-meeting-prisms-of-greater-obliquitiesare-more-deflected-than-those-nearer-the-centre-and-that-iii-lenses-6i-if-the-obliquities-are-properly-adjusted-all-might-be-madeto-converge-in-one-point-if-the-obliquities-are-infinitein-number-it-is-obvious-we-get-curved-surfaces-and-suchform-a-lens-these-may-either-be-convex-or-concave-oneither-or-both-surfaces-or-flat-o-image339068629.htmlRM2AKHWDW–Light; a course of experimental optics, chiefly with the lantern . Fig. 44.—Nature of a Lens. may represent such a combination of prisms in section. Aglance at the diagram shows that the outer parallel rays,from the left hand, meeting prisms of greater obliquities,are more deflected than those nearer the centre: and that III.] Lenses. 6i if the obliquities are properly adjusted, all might be madeto converge in one point. If the obliquities are infinitein number, it is obvious we get curved surfaces, and suchform a lens. These may either be convex or concave oneither or both surfaces, or flat o
The Pharmaceutical era . s representing portions of spheres, and the termscenter of curvature, principal axis, etc., may be used inthe same way in describing their properties. Effect of Lenses Upon Light Rays.—From the law of refrac-tion it follows th«t a lens will refract light rays towardsits thickest portion. Hence convex lenses will causelight rays to bend toward their centers, or to converge,while concave lenses will cause them to spread outwards,or to <liverge. For this reason all convex lenses are calledconvcraiirj irnscs, and all concave len.ses direniinglense.i. When parallel rays, Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-pharmaceutical-era-s-representing-portions-of-spheres-and-the-termscenter-of-curvature-principal-axis-etc-may-be-used-inthe-same-way-in-describing-their-properties-effect-of-lenses-upon-light-raysfrom-the-law-of-refrac-tion-it-follows-tht-a-lens-will-refract-light-rays-towardsits-thickest-portion-hence-convex-lenses-will-causelight-rays-to-bend-toward-their-centers-or-to-convergewhile-concave-lenses-will-cause-them-to-spread-outwardsor-to-ltliverge-for-this-reason-all-convex-lenses-are-calledconvcraiirj-irnscs-and-all-concave-lenses-direniinglensei-when-parallel-rays-image339254050.htmlRM2AKXA02–The Pharmaceutical era . s representing portions of spheres, and the termscenter of curvature, principal axis, etc., may be used inthe same way in describing their properties. Effect of Lenses Upon Light Rays.—From the law of refrac-tion it follows th«t a lens will refract light rays towardsits thickest portion. Hence convex lenses will causelight rays to bend toward their centers, or to converge,while concave lenses will cause them to spread outwards,or to <liverge. For this reason all convex lenses are calledconvcraiirj irnscs, and all concave len.ses direniinglense.i. When parallel rays,
Fifth book of lessons for the use of schools . It is evident that convergent rays become more con-vergent with convex lenses, and divergent rays moredivergent with concave lenses. ^e shall next explain the refractions of a triangularpiece of glass ealled a prism. The sides are flat; it REFRACTION AND COLOURS. 343. cannot, therefore, bring the rays to afocus, nor can its refraction be similar tor- %? that of a flat pane of glass, because ithas not two sides parallel. The re-fractions of the light, on entering and on quitting theprism, are both in the same direction.* On enteringthe prism p, the Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/fifth-book-of-lessons-for-the-use-of-schools-it-is-evident-that-convergent-rays-become-more-con-vergent-with-convex-lenses-and-divergent-rays-moredivergent-with-concave-lenses-e-shall-next-explain-the-refractions-of-a-triangularpiece-of-glass-ealled-a-prism-the-sides-are-flat-it-refraction-and-colours-343-cannot-therefore-bring-the-rays-to-afocus-nor-can-its-refraction-be-similar-tor-that-of-a-flat-pane-of-glass-because-ithas-not-two-sides-parallel-the-re-fractions-of-the-light-on-entering-and-on-quitting-theprism-are-both-in-the-same-direction-on-enteringthe-prism-p-the-image338143913.htmlRM2AJ3P09–Fifth book of lessons for the use of schools . It is evident that convergent rays become more con-vergent with convex lenses, and divergent rays moredivergent with concave lenses. ^e shall next explain the refractions of a triangularpiece of glass ealled a prism. The sides are flat; it REFRACTION AND COLOURS. 343. cannot, therefore, bring the rays to afocus, nor can its refraction be similar tor- %? that of a flat pane of glass, because ithas not two sides parallel. The re-fractions of the light, on entering and on quitting theprism, are both in the same direction.* On enteringthe prism p, the
Fifth book of lessons for the use of schools . 342 FIITH BOOK. KID Lenses are of various forms as here represented. Ais called a plano-convex, fromhaving one side flat, and theother rounded; B is a plano-concave, having one sidehollow; c is a double-convex,and has both sides rounded; D is a double-concave,with both sides hollow; E is a meniscus, (so calledfrom its moon shape), and has one side convex,and the other concave. The property of those whichhave a convex surface is to collect rays of light to afocus; and%hose which have a concave surface to dis-perse them. The following diagram will g Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/fifth-book-of-lessons-for-the-use-of-schools-342-fiith-book-kid-lenses-are-of-various-forms-as-here-represented-ais-called-a-plano-convex-fromhaving-one-side-flat-and-theother-rounded-b-is-a-plano-concave-having-one-sidehollow-c-is-a-double-convexand-has-both-sides-rounded-d-is-a-double-concavewith-both-sides-hollow-e-is-a-meniscus-so-calledfrom-its-moon-shape-and-has-one-side-convexand-the-other-concave-the-property-of-those-whichhave-a-convex-surface-is-to-collect-rays-of-light-to-afocus-andhose-which-have-a-concave-surface-to-dis-perse-them-the-following-diagram-will-g-image338144159.htmlRM2AJ3P93–Fifth book of lessons for the use of schools . 342 FIITH BOOK. KID Lenses are of various forms as here represented. Ais called a plano-convex, fromhaving one side flat, and theother rounded; B is a plano-concave, having one sidehollow; c is a double-convex,and has both sides rounded; D is a double-concave,with both sides hollow; E is a meniscus, (so calledfrom its moon shape), and has one side convex,and the other concave. The property of those whichhave a convex surface is to collect rays of light to afocus; and%hose which have a concave surface to dis-perse them. The following diagram will g
Light; a course of experimental optics, chiefly with the lantern . t beyond^^ principal focus,they must converge to some other point and form an image. ^ A lens formed by two equal convex surfaces is called a doubleconvex lens, and if the two convex surfaces are of different curves,a crossed lens; lenses with two concave surfaces are double-concavelenses; those with one side flat, plano-convex or plano-concave ; a lenswith one side convex and one concave, a meniscus. 62 LIGHT. [CHAP. Fig. 46 shows this. The parallel rays from A and bconverge at the principal focus r after traversing the lenso; Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/light-a-course-of-experimental-optics-chiefly-with-the-lantern-t-beyond-principal-focusthey-must-converge-to-some-other-point-and-form-an-image-a-lens-formed-by-two-equal-convex-surfaces-is-called-a-doubleconvex-lens-and-if-the-two-convex-surfaces-are-of-different-curvesa-crossed-lens-lenses-with-two-concave-surfaces-are-double-concavelenses-those-with-one-side-flat-plano-convex-or-plano-concave-a-lenswith-one-side-convex-and-one-concave-a-meniscus-62-light-chap-fig-46-shows-this-the-parallel-rays-from-a-and-bconverge-at-the-principal-focus-r-after-traversing-the-lenso-image339068509.htmlRM2AKHW9H–Light; a course of experimental optics, chiefly with the lantern . t beyond^^ principal focus,they must converge to some other point and form an image. ^ A lens formed by two equal convex surfaces is called a doubleconvex lens, and if the two convex surfaces are of different curves,a crossed lens; lenses with two concave surfaces are double-concavelenses; those with one side flat, plano-convex or plano-concave ; a lenswith one side convex and one concave, a meniscus. 62 LIGHT. [CHAP. Fig. 46 shows this. The parallel rays from A and bconverge at the principal focus r after traversing the lenso;
Laboratory manual in physics . Velocity of Sound ,... 74 Effect of Tension and Length on Number of Vibrations 76 LIGHT Use of Pupil of the Eye 78 Convex and Concave Lenses 79 The Telescope 81 Candlepower 82 Efficiencies of Carbon Filament and Tungsten Lamps 84 APPENDIX I. Tension and Breaking-Strength 86 Elasticity 87 Pendulum Vibrations 89 Accelerated Motion 90 The Wheatstone Bridge 93 Voltage 95 Images 97 Refraction 98 APPENDIX II. (Tables) Densities of Solids, Liquids, and Gases 101 Specific Heats . 101 Diameter of Wires 102 Useful Data 103 LABORATORY MANUAL IN PHYSICS EXPERIMENT No. 1PART Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/laboratory-manual-in-physics-velocity-of-sound-74-effect-of-tension-and-length-on-number-of-vibrations-76-light-use-of-pupil-of-the-eye-78-convex-and-concave-lenses-79-the-telescope-81-candlepower-82-efficiencies-of-carbon-filament-and-tungsten-lamps-84-appendix-i-tension-and-breaking-strength-86-elasticity-87-pendulum-vibrations-89-accelerated-motion-90-the-wheatstone-bridge-93-voltage-95-images-97-refraction-98-appendix-ii-tables-densities-of-solids-liquids-and-gases-101-specific-heats-101-diameter-of-wires-102-useful-data-103-laboratory-manual-in-physics-experiment-no-1part-image343365831.htmlRM2AXHJHB–Laboratory manual in physics . Velocity of Sound ,... 74 Effect of Tension and Length on Number of Vibrations 76 LIGHT Use of Pupil of the Eye 78 Convex and Concave Lenses 79 The Telescope 81 Candlepower 82 Efficiencies of Carbon Filament and Tungsten Lamps 84 APPENDIX I. Tension and Breaking-Strength 86 Elasticity 87 Pendulum Vibrations 89 Accelerated Motion 90 The Wheatstone Bridge 93 Voltage 95 Images 97 Refraction 98 APPENDIX II. (Tables) Densities of Solids, Liquids, and Gases 101 Specific Heats . 101 Diameter of Wires 102 Useful Data 103 LABORATORY MANUAL IN PHYSICS EXPERIMENT No. 1PART
. Elements of astronomy: accompanied with numerous illustrations, a colored representation of the solar, stellar, and nebular spectra, and celestial charts of the northern and the southern hemisphere. Both sides convex. Both sides concave. One side convex, the other plane. One side concave, the other plane. Fig. 91.—DifferentKinds of Lenses. 418. Refraction by Convex Lenses.—A prism refracts aray of light as shown in Fig. 89 ; hence, two prisms ar-ranged as in Fig. 92 would cause two parallel beams com-ing from differ-ent points at aand b, to con-verge at onepoint c. We may lookupon a bi-conve Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elements-of-astronomy-accompanied-with-numerous-illustrations-a-colored-representation-of-the-solar-stellar-and-nebular-spectra-and-celestial-charts-of-the-northern-and-the-southern-hemisphere-both-sides-convex-both-sides-concave-one-side-convex-the-other-plane-one-side-concave-the-other-plane-fig-91differentkinds-of-lenses-418-refraction-by-convex-lensesa-prism-refracts-aray-of-light-as-shown-in-fig-89-hence-two-prisms-ar-ranged-as-in-fig-92-would-cause-two-parallel-beams-com-ing-from-differ-ent-points-at-aand-b-to-con-verge-at-onepoint-c-we-may-lookupon-a-bi-conve-image336718998.htmlRM2AFPTEE–. Elements of astronomy: accompanied with numerous illustrations, a colored representation of the solar, stellar, and nebular spectra, and celestial charts of the northern and the southern hemisphere. Both sides convex. Both sides concave. One side convex, the other plane. One side concave, the other plane. Fig. 91.—DifferentKinds of Lenses. 418. Refraction by Convex Lenses.—A prism refracts aray of light as shown in Fig. 89 ; hence, two prisms ar-ranged as in Fig. 92 would cause two parallel beams com-ing from differ-ent points at aand b, to con-verge at onepoint c. We may lookupon a bi-conve
Elements of natural philosophy (Volume 2-3) . real foci. The several lenses may be characterized as follows : 1 Double Convex, Piano-Convex, convex side to in-cident liffht, — r and + rf — r and + r . Do. plane side to inci-dent light, . + r = go and + r Meniscus, convex side turned to = oo 3i incident light, L Same, concave side do. do.4 Double Concave, (Piano-Concave, concave side to 5^ 6^ r r + r, + r + r, — r + r, + / = oo incident light, .^Same, plane side to do. do. --r^= CO, and—v Concavo-Convex, concave side to incident light. ? t — r, — T! Characteristics(j of the variouslenses. Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elements-of-natural-philosophy-volume-2-3-real-foci-the-several-lenses-may-be-characterized-as-follows-1-double-convex-piano-convex-convex-side-to-in-cident-liffht-r-and-rf-r-and-r-do-plane-side-to-inci-dent-light-r-=-go-and-r-meniscus-convex-side-turned-to-=-oo-3i-incident-light-l-same-concave-side-do-do4-double-concave-piano-concave-concave-side-to-5-6-r-r-r-r-r-r-r-=-oo-incident-light-same-plane-side-to-do-do-r=-co-andv-concavo-convex-concave-side-to-incident-light-t-r-t!-characteristicsj-of-the-variouslenses-image338117970.htmlRM2AJ2GWP–Elements of natural philosophy (Volume 2-3) . real foci. The several lenses may be characterized as follows : 1 Double Convex, Piano-Convex, convex side to in-cident liffht, — r and + rf — r and + r . Do. plane side to inci-dent light, . + r = go and + r Meniscus, convex side turned to = oo 3i incident light, L Same, concave side do. do.4 Double Concave, (Piano-Concave, concave side to 5^ 6^ r r + r, + r + r, — r + r, + / = oo incident light, .^Same, plane side to do. do. --r^= CO, and—v Concavo-Convex, concave side to incident light. ? t — r, — T! Characteristics(j of the variouslenses.
. The book of photography; practical, theoretical and applied. , and the sensitive plate used forthe photograph would have to be exposedfor a great length of time. If the hole isenlarged, more light is obtained, and if asuitable lens is placed in it, all the rays oflight meet at a point, as shown in Fig. 39,which illustrates the simplest form of lens. Different Forms of Simple Lenses. Simple lenses from which photographicand other combinations are built up areshown in section by Fig. 40, in which A isa double - convex or bi - convex ; b is a plano-convex; c is a meniscus; D is adouble-concave Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-book-of-photography-practical-theoretical-and-applied-and-the-sensitive-plate-used-forthe-photograph-would-have-to-be-exposedfor-a-great-length-of-time-if-the-hole-isenlarged-more-light-is-obtained-and-if-asuitable-lens-is-placed-in-it-all-the-rays-oflight-meet-at-a-point-as-shown-in-fig-39which-illustrates-the-simplest-form-of-lens-different-forms-of-simple-lenses-simple-lenses-from-which-photographicand-other-combinations-are-built-up-areshown-in-section-by-fig-40-in-which-a-isa-double-convex-or-bi-convex-b-is-a-plano-convex-c-is-a-meniscus-d-is-adouble-concave-image370338114.htmlRM2CEEA16–. The book of photography; practical, theoretical and applied. , and the sensitive plate used forthe photograph would have to be exposedfor a great length of time. If the hole isenlarged, more light is obtained, and if asuitable lens is placed in it, all the rays oflight meet at a point, as shown in Fig. 39,which illustrates the simplest form of lens. Different Forms of Simple Lenses. Simple lenses from which photographicand other combinations are built up areshown in section by Fig. 40, in which A isa double - convex or bi - convex ; b is a plano-convex; c is a meniscus; D is adouble-concave
. The Ontario high school physics. l focus is outside the lenses. The Huygens eyepiece has two plano-convexlenses (Fig. 437), the one next the eye having afocal length J that of the other, and tlie distance between beingtwice the focal length of the shorter. This eyepiece is ordinarilyfound in microscopes, and it cannot be used as a simple microscope. 419. The Opera Glass. The opera glass has a convex lens forobjective and a concave lens for eyepiece (Fig. 438). Light from the object passes through theobjective 0, and would, ifallowed to do so, form a realimage J^-^Qy I^^t a concavelens -£, pl Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-ontario-high-school-physics-l-focus-is-outside-the-lenses-the-huygens-eyepiece-has-two-plano-convexlenses-fig-437-the-one-next-the-eye-having-afocal-length-j-that-of-the-other-and-tlie-distance-between-beingtwice-the-focal-length-of-the-shorter-this-eyepiece-is-ordinarilyfound-in-microscopes-and-it-cannot-be-used-as-a-simple-microscope-419-the-opera-glass-the-opera-glass-has-a-convex-lens-forobjective-and-a-concave-lens-for-eyepiece-fig-438-light-from-the-object-passes-through-theobjective-0-and-would-ifallowed-to-do-so-form-a-realimage-j-qy-it-a-concavelens-pl-image370380381.htmlRM2CEG7XN–. The Ontario high school physics. l focus is outside the lenses. The Huygens eyepiece has two plano-convexlenses (Fig. 437), the one next the eye having afocal length J that of the other, and tlie distance between beingtwice the focal length of the shorter. This eyepiece is ordinarilyfound in microscopes, and it cannot be used as a simple microscope. 419. The Opera Glass. The opera glass has a convex lens forobjective and a concave lens for eyepiece (Fig. 438). Light from the object passes through theobjective 0, and would, ifallowed to do so, form a realimage J^-^Qy I^^t a concavelens -£, pl
. Primary microscopy and biology. A text book for the use of students in high schools, normal schools and academies . (23) E, The plano-concave lens one surface plane theother concave. (24) F, The concavo-convex lens has one surface con-vex, the other concave, the concavity exceeding the convexity. 25) I), E and F have the general effect of double con-cave lenses. Note.—It is supposed that the student understands thegeneral effect upon light on passing through the variouslenses. (26) Lenses of today are nearly all made of crown andflint glass. Crown and Hint have different refractive indicesan Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/primary-microscopy-and-biology-a-text-book-for-the-use-of-students-in-high-schools-normal-schools-and-academies-23-e-the-plano-concave-lens-one-surface-plane-theother-concave-24-f-the-concavo-convex-lens-has-one-surface-con-vex-the-other-concave-the-concavity-exceeding-the-convexity-25-i-e-and-f-have-the-general-effect-of-double-con-cave-lenses-noteit-is-supposed-that-the-student-understands-thegeneral-effect-upon-light-on-passing-through-the-variouslenses-26-lenses-of-today-are-nearly-all-made-of-crown-andflint-glass-crown-and-hint-have-different-refractive-indicesan-image370133328.htmlRM2CE50RC–. Primary microscopy and biology. A text book for the use of students in high schools, normal schools and academies . (23) E, The plano-concave lens one surface plane theother concave. (24) F, The concavo-convex lens has one surface con-vex, the other concave, the concavity exceeding the convexity. 25) I), E and F have the general effect of double con-cave lenses. Note.—It is supposed that the student understands thegeneral effect upon light on passing through the variouslenses. (26) Lenses of today are nearly all made of crown andflint glass. Crown and Hint have different refractive indicesan
. The Ontario high school physics. 336 LENSES.. Fig. 394.—A concave air lens in anatmosphere of water convergesthe light. or ebonite rim. In Fig. 394 is shown a double-concave lens immersed in water contained in a tank withplate-glass sides. Plane waves from a lantern passinto the water, and on entering thelens the outer portions, since theytravel in the air, rush forward aheadof the central part, thus renderingthe waves concave and converging toa focus F. Thus a concave air lens inwater is converging ; in a similar wayit can be shown that a convex air lensin a water atmosphere is diverging. 3 Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-ontario-high-school-physics-336-lenses-fig-394a-concave-air-lens-in-anatmosphere-of-water-convergesthe-light-or-ebonite-rim-in-fig-394-is-shown-a-double-concave-lens-immersed-in-water-contained-in-a-tank-withplate-glass-sides-plane-waves-from-a-lantern-passinto-the-water-and-on-entering-thelens-the-outer-portions-since-theytravel-in-the-air-rush-forward-aheadof-the-central-part-thus-renderingthe-waves-concave-and-converging-toa-focus-f-thus-a-concave-air-lens-inwater-is-converging-in-a-similar-wayit-can-be-shown-that-a-convex-air-lensin-a-water-atmosphere-is-diverging-3-image370384117.htmlRM2CEGCM5–. The Ontario high school physics. 336 LENSES.. Fig. 394.—A concave air lens in anatmosphere of water convergesthe light. or ebonite rim. In Fig. 394 is shown a double-concave lens immersed in water contained in a tank withplate-glass sides. Plane waves from a lantern passinto the water, and on entering thelens the outer portions, since theytravel in the air, rush forward aheadof the central part, thus renderingthe waves concave and converging toa focus F. Thus a concave air lens inwater is converging ; in a similar wayit can be shown that a convex air lensin a water atmosphere is diverging. 3
. Chamber's scientific reader : illustrated with wood engravings. Readers. Fig. 29. double prisms.. will now be easily understood, especially if the general principle with regard to prisms be kept in mind, that rays of light transmitted through them are always refracted to- wards the thick part, be- cause most lenses are simply Thus, take the double-convex and the double-concave lenses—1 and 4 in the figure: the first is as if two prisms were fixed together with their vertices turned outward, and the second the same, only with the vertices of the prisms meeting in the middle. When a ray of lig Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/chambers-scientific-reader-illustrated-with-wood-engravings-readers-fig-29-double-prisms-will-now-be-easily-understood-especially-if-the-general-principle-with-regard-to-prisms-be-kept-in-mind-that-rays-of-light-transmitted-through-them-are-always-refracted-to-wards-the-thick-part-be-cause-most-lenses-are-simply-thus-take-the-double-convex-and-the-double-concave-lenses1-and-4-in-the-figure-the-first-is-as-if-two-prisms-were-fixed-together-with-their-vertices-turned-outward-and-the-second-the-same-only-with-the-vertices-of-the-prisms-meeting-in-the-middle-when-a-ray-of-lig-image235093545.htmlRMRJDC61–. Chamber's scientific reader : illustrated with wood engravings. Readers. Fig. 29. double prisms.. will now be easily understood, especially if the general principle with regard to prisms be kept in mind, that rays of light transmitted through them are always refracted to- wards the thick part, be- cause most lenses are simply Thus, take the double-convex and the double-concave lenses—1 and 4 in the figure: the first is as if two prisms were fixed together with their vertices turned outward, and the second the same, only with the vertices of the prisms meeting in the middle. When a ray of lig
. Chamber's scientific reader : illustrated with wood engravings. Readers. will now be easily understood, especially if the general principle with regard to prisms be kept in mind, that rays of light transmitted through them are always refracted to- wards the thick part, be- cause most lenses are simply Thus, take the double-convex and the double-concave lenses—1 and 4 in the figure: the first is as if two prisms were fixed together with their vertices turned outward, and the second the same, only with the vertices of the prisms meeting in the middle. When a ray of light, as EI, fig. 30, falls Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/chambers-scientific-reader-illustrated-with-wood-engravings-readers-will-now-be-easily-understood-especially-if-the-general-principle-with-regard-to-prisms-be-kept-in-mind-that-rays-of-light-transmitted-through-them-are-always-refracted-to-wards-the-thick-part-be-cause-most-lenses-are-simply-thus-take-the-double-convex-and-the-double-concave-lenses1-and-4-in-the-figure-the-first-is-as-if-two-prisms-were-fixed-together-with-their-vertices-turned-outward-and-the-second-the-same-only-with-the-vertices-of-the-prisms-meeting-in-the-middle-when-a-ray-of-light-as-ei-fig-30-falls-image235093541.htmlRMRJDC5W–. Chamber's scientific reader : illustrated with wood engravings. Readers. will now be easily understood, especially if the general principle with regard to prisms be kept in mind, that rays of light transmitted through them are always refracted to- wards the thick part, be- cause most lenses are simply Thus, take the double-convex and the double-concave lenses—1 and 4 in the figure: the first is as if two prisms were fixed together with their vertices turned outward, and the second the same, only with the vertices of the prisms meeting in the middle. When a ray of light, as EI, fig. 30, falls
![. Animal micrology; practical exercises in microscopical methods. Microscopy -- Technique; Microscopes -- Technique. 134 Animal Micrology Lenses.—Each of the two principal forms of lenses is in effect practically two prisms, (1) with the bases placed together (Fig. 43 «, convex lens), cr, (2) with the apices together (Fig. 436, concave lens]. In the convex lens, since rays of light are refracted toward the bases of the respective prisms, they will converge; in the concave lens, for the same reason, they will diverge. The terms conver- ging lens and diverging lens, therefore, are used frequentl Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RN4WG2/animal-micrology-practical-exercises-in-microscopical-methods-microscopy-technique-microscopes-technique-134-animal-micrology-lenseseach-of-the-two-principal-forms-of-lenses-is-in-effect-practically-two-prisms-1-with-the-bases-placed-together-fig-43-convex-lens-cr-2-with-the-apices-together-fig-436-concave-lens-in-the-convex-lens-since-rays-of-light-are-refracted-toward-the-bases-of-the-respective-prisms-they-will-converge-in-the-concave-lens-for-the-same-reason-they-will-diverge-the-terms-conver-ging-lens-and-diverging-lens-therefore-are-used-frequentl-RN4WG2.jpg ". Animal micrology; practical exercises in microscopical methods. Microscopy -- Technique; Microscopes -- Technique. 134 Animal Micrology Lenses.—Each of the two principal forms of lenses is in effect practically two prisms, (1) with the bases placed together (Fig. 43 «, convex lens), cr, (2) with the apices together (Fig. 436, concave lens]. In the convex lens, since rays of light are refracted toward the bases of the respective prisms, they will converge; in the concave lens, for the same reason, they will diverge. The terms conver- ging lens and diverging lens, therefore, are used frequentl Stock Photo")
. Animal micrology; practical exercises in microscopical methods. Microscopy -- Technique; Microscopes -- Technique. 134 Animal Micrology Lenses.—Each of the two principal forms of lenses is in effect practically two prisms, (1) with the bases placed together (Fig. 43 «, convex lens), cr, (2) with the apices together (Fig. 436, concave lens]. In the convex lens, since rays of light are refracted toward the bases of the respective prisms, they will converge; in the concave lens, for the same reason, they will diverge. The terms conver- ging lens and diverging lens, therefore, are used frequentl Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/animal-micrology-practical-exercises-in-microscopical-methods-microscopy-technique-microscopes-technique-134-animal-micrology-lenseseach-of-the-two-principal-forms-of-lenses-is-in-effect-practically-two-prisms-1-with-the-bases-placed-together-fig-43-convex-lens-cr-2-with-the-apices-together-fig-436-concave-lens-in-the-convex-lens-since-rays-of-light-are-refracted-toward-the-bases-of-the-respective-prisms-they-will-converge-in-the-concave-lens-for-the-same-reason-they-will-diverge-the-terms-conver-ging-lens-and-diverging-lens-therefore-are-used-frequentl-image236750418.htmlRMRN4WG2–. Animal micrology; practical exercises in microscopical methods. Microscopy -- Technique; Microscopes -- Technique. 134 Animal Micrology Lenses.—Each of the two principal forms of lenses is in effect practically two prisms, (1) with the bases placed together (Fig. 43 «, convex lens), cr, (2) with the apices together (Fig. 436, concave lens]. In the convex lens, since rays of light are refracted toward the bases of the respective prisms, they will converge; in the concave lens, for the same reason, they will diverge. The terms conver- ging lens and diverging lens, therefore, are used frequentl
. A text-book in general physiology and anatomy. Physiology, Comparative; Anatomy. I'lG-. 218 Effect of lenses on rays of light; A, a concave lens spreading the rays; £, a convex lens bending the rays to a point. to concentrate the rays which pass through them (con- vex lenses) or to spread the rays (concave lenses). (See Fig. 218.) The point to which rays are converged by a convex lens, or from which they seem to be spread by a concave lens, is called the focus of those rays and the action of the lens is called focussing. By its shape, a convex lens is able to focus the rays which it receives Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-text-book-in-general-physiology-and-anatomy-physiology-comparative-anatomy-ilg-218-effect-of-lenses-on-rays-of-light-a-a-concave-lens-spreading-the-rays-a-convex-lens-bending-the-rays-to-a-point-to-concentrate-the-rays-which-pass-through-them-con-vex-lenses-or-to-spread-the-rays-concave-lenses-see-fig-218-the-point-to-which-rays-are-converged-by-a-convex-lens-or-from-which-they-seem-to-be-spread-by-a-concave-lens-is-called-the-focus-of-those-rays-and-the-action-of-the-lens-is-called-focussing-by-its-shape-a-convex-lens-is-able-to-focus-the-rays-which-it-receives-image232124617.htmlRMRDJ58W–. A text-book in general physiology and anatomy. Physiology, Comparative; Anatomy. I'lG-. 218 Effect of lenses on rays of light; A, a concave lens spreading the rays; £, a convex lens bending the rays to a point. to concentrate the rays which pass through them (con- vex lenses) or to spread the rays (concave lenses). (See Fig. 218.) The point to which rays are converged by a convex lens, or from which they seem to be spread by a concave lens, is called the focus of those rays and the action of the lens is called focussing. By its shape, a convex lens is able to focus the rays which it receives
. The elements of vegetable histology. Plant anatomy. 26 THE ELEMENTS OF VEGETABLE HISTOLOGY concave or divergent meniscus. The six types of lenses are illustrated in Fig. 9. By reference to Fig. 10, it will be seen that light rays passing through the central part of a lens are not refracted. A line passing through the thickest part of a convex lens and the thinnest part of a concave lens is termed the optic axis or principal axis. Light rays passing through a convex lens are refracted toward the optic axis, whereas in concave lenses they are refracted away from the optic axis (Fig. 10). The e Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-elements-of-vegetable-histology-plant-anatomy-26-the-elements-of-vegetable-histology-concave-or-divergent-meniscus-the-six-types-of-lenses-are-illustrated-in-fig-9-by-reference-to-fig-10-it-will-be-seen-that-light-rays-passing-through-the-central-part-of-a-lens-are-not-refracted-a-line-passing-through-the-thickest-part-of-a-convex-lens-and-the-thinnest-part-of-a-concave-lens-is-termed-the-optic-axis-or-principal-axis-light-rays-passing-through-a-convex-lens-are-refracted-toward-the-optic-axis-whereas-in-concave-lenses-they-are-refracted-away-from-the-optic-axis-fig-10-the-e-image232289011.htmlRMRDWK03–. The elements of vegetable histology. Plant anatomy. 26 THE ELEMENTS OF VEGETABLE HISTOLOGY concave or divergent meniscus. The six types of lenses are illustrated in Fig. 9. By reference to Fig. 10, it will be seen that light rays passing through the central part of a lens are not refracted. A line passing through the thickest part of a convex lens and the thinnest part of a concave lens is termed the optic axis or principal axis. Light rays passing through a convex lens are refracted toward the optic axis, whereas in concave lenses they are refracted away from the optic axis (Fig. 10). The e
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