Often in colony hi-res stock photography and images - Page 7

. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 127 Fig.55: Colony of Delichon nipalensis on the lower Gunsa Khola, drawn from photographs taken on 18.V.1988. Original by K. Rehbinder.. rican Hirundo pyrrhonota as presented by Turner & Rose (1989). In these nest characteri- stics nipalensis differs markedly from D. urbica (and D. dasypus ?); the entrance of their nests is only a narrow hole at the upper margin of the nest and a tunnel is never attached to it. The often suspected close relationships of the genera Hirundo and Delichon (Mayr & Bond 1943, Turner & Rose 1989) are confirmed Stock Photo

RMRHDY2X–. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 127 Fig.55: Colony of Delichon nipalensis on the lower Gunsa Khola, drawn from photographs taken on 18.V.1988. Original by K. Rehbinder.. rican Hirundo pyrrhonota as presented by Turner & Rose (1989). In these nest characteri- stics nipalensis differs markedly from D. urbica (and D. dasypus ?); the entrance of their nests is only a narrow hole at the upper margin of the nest and a tunnel is never attached to it. The often suspected close relationships of the genera Hirundo and Delichon (Mayr & Bond 1943, Turner & Rose 1989) are confirmed

. Dwellers of the sea and shore. Marine animals. 8 Dwellers of the Sea and Shore easily be told apart. Other creatures have a body resemblance to the shape and color of the leaves. At the roots, in the mud, other small animals are abun- dant. The pools and channels of mud flats contain numerous varieties of mud crabs; if one is discerning he will often be able to find in such places sluggish types like the spider crab, which hides under decaying weeds or covers itself with vegetation, and the mud. COLONY OF BARNACLES LIVING ON A ROCK. crab, with a load of silt and debris tangled w^ith the bris Stock Photo

RMREB52F–. Dwellers of the sea and shore. Marine animals. 8 Dwellers of the Sea and Shore easily be told apart. Other creatures have a body resemblance to the shape and color of the leaves. At the roots, in the mud, other small animals are abun- dant. The pools and channels of mud flats contain numerous varieties of mud crabs; if one is discerning he will often be able to find in such places sluggish types like the spider crab, which hides under decaying weeds or covers itself with vegetation, and the mud. COLONY OF BARNACLES LIVING ON A ROCK. crab, with a load of silt and debris tangled w^ith the bris

. Elementary entomology. Entomology. HYMENOPTERA 255. Fig. 404. Wheat straw-worm, spring tion. (Much enlarged) a, b, lar'ae; /, female, (.fter Riley, United States Department of Agriculture) abdomen of true ants forms a sort of knot or tooth between the thorax and abdomen. The males and females are winged and mate in their nuptial flight, which may often be ob- served on a warm summer day, when the air will be filled with them. After this the males soon die, but the females bite off their wings and either found a new colony or are taken in by some workers. The workers, or neuters, are wingle Stock Photo

RMRD4308–. Elementary entomology. Entomology. HYMENOPTERA 255. Fig. 404. Wheat straw-worm, spring tion. (Much enlarged) a, b, lar'ae; /, female, (.fter Riley, United States Department of Agriculture) abdomen of true ants forms a sort of knot or tooth between the thorax and abdomen. The males and females are winged and mate in their nuptial flight, which may often be ob- served on a warm summer day, when the air will be filled with them. After this the males soon die, but the females bite off their wings and either found a new colony or are taken in by some workers. The workers, or neuters, are wingle

. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. ^:^^f^i^?-^?^ °':-. :': ° • o.:^.o 0 0 ,o. o • o ' ^. ^g^^^5f^^ CO. B FIG. 4.—Surface view of colony of Pocillopora c&spitosa. A outside and B inside a gall. X20. After prolonged decalcification, preparations stained with borax-carmine. In A the polyps arc regularly developed, the tentacles and mesenteries are formed of thick, deeply staining tissue and the septa are of normal number and symmetrically arranged. In B the polyps are stunted and irregular, the mesenteries and tentacles not well developed and the septa often placed asymmetrical Stock Photo

RMRFRM3F–. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. ^:^^f^i^?-^?^ °':-. :': ° • o.:^.o 0 0 ,o. o • o ' ^. ^g^^^5f^^ CO. B FIG. 4.—Surface view of colony of Pocillopora c&spitosa. A outside and B inside a gall. X20. After prolonged decalcification, preparations stained with borax-carmine. In A the polyps arc regularly developed, the tentacles and mesenteries are formed of thick, deeply staining tissue and the septa are of normal number and symmetrically arranged. In B the polyps are stunted and irregular, the mesenteries and tentacles not well developed and the septa often placed asymmetrical

. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. FLAGELLATE PROTOZOA (MASTIGOPHORA) 269 198 (19s) Protoplasmic processes connecting cells usually distinct. Poles of colony not differentiated by arrangement of vegetative and gonidial cells. Volvox Leeuwenhoek . 199 199 (204) Colonies with distinct protoplasmic processes connecting the cells 200 200 (203) Protoplasmic processes very stout. 201 (202) Colonies dioecious. Volvox perglobator Powers 1908.. Colonies often exceeding i mm. in diameter. Ova or oosperms not infrequently numbering several hundred in a colony. Very common in the United States. Fi Stock Photo

RMRD8AW5–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. FLAGELLATE PROTOZOA (MASTIGOPHORA) 269 198 (19s) Protoplasmic processes connecting cells usually distinct. Poles of colony not differentiated by arrangement of vegetative and gonidial cells. Volvox Leeuwenhoek . 199 199 (204) Colonies with distinct protoplasmic processes connecting the cells 200 200 (203) Protoplasmic processes very stout. 201 (202) Colonies dioecious. Volvox perglobator Powers 1908.. Colonies often exceeding i mm. in diameter. Ova or oosperms not infrequently numbering several hundred in a colony. Very common in the United States. Fi

. The ABC and XYZ of bee culture; a cyclopedia of everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bee; bees, hives, honey, implements, honey-plants, etc. ... Bees. - -i-i^-J^r^'- ? Fig. 7.—Carrying a smoker with the little flng-er when the hands are full. very bad plan. Yery often colony after col- ony can be opened, especially when the bees are working, without the use of smoke; but at the same time it is well to have a smoker near at hand. It is not considered good practice to smoke bees out of comb-honey supers, as they are frightened at the smell of smoke, and, in their desire to save honey Stock Photo

RMRR7MA5–. The ABC and XYZ of bee culture; a cyclopedia of everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bee; bees, hives, honey, implements, honey-plants, etc. ... Bees. - -i-i^-J^r^'- ? Fig. 7.—Carrying a smoker with the little flng-er when the hands are full. very bad plan. Yery often colony after col- ony can be opened, especially when the bees are working, without the use of smoke; but at the same time it is well to have a smoker near at hand. It is not considered good practice to smoke bees out of comb-honey supers, as they are frightened at the smell of smoke, and, in their desire to save honey

. The American bee keeper. Bee culture; Honey. 1!X)3. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 241 ter, wutor, for this reasou, is necessary to deconipositiou. The prorcss of j;ettiug rid or" ine drones, l»efore winter stops till active work in the hive, is a sanitary or hy- gienic nieasnre taken by the worker bees to protect the colony from Tii'sease which uiight arise from dead dromes in the hive. It is often said that ipicen- less colonies do not discard the drones. For a good reason the workers delay the sanitary measnre, which may some- times be neglected altogether, but I have seen queenless colonie Stock Photo

RMRPEMXE–. The American bee keeper. Bee culture; Honey. 1!X)3. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 241 ter, wutor, for this reasou, is necessary to deconipositiou. The prorcss of j;ettiug rid or" ine drones, l»efore winter stops till active work in the hive, is a sanitary or hy- gienic nieasnre taken by the worker bees to protect the colony from Tii'sease which uiight arise from dead dromes in the hive. It is often said that ipicen- less colonies do not discard the drones. For a good reason the workers delay the sanitary measnre, which may some- times be neglected altogether, but I have seen queenless colonie

. The natural history of the farm : a guide to the practical study of the sources of our living in wild nature . Natural history. from within. These thus escape poisons deposited upon the surface of the plant, and are killed by spraying only when some contact in- secticide (like kero- sene emulsion, or various prepara- tions of nicotine, etc.) is thrown upon their bodies. Both types of feeders we often find side by side. We go Fig. 110. A colony of aphids on a leaf of Ceanothus; . , - 1J t h, a syrphus-fly larva, feeding; i, a winged aphid; lntoacabbage-nelO., j, an ant attending the colony Stock Photo

RMRDGX1X–. The natural history of the farm : a guide to the practical study of the sources of our living in wild nature . Natural history. from within. These thus escape poisons deposited upon the surface of the plant, and are killed by spraying only when some contact in- secticide (like kero- sene emulsion, or various prepara- tions of nicotine, etc.) is thrown upon their bodies. Both types of feeders we often find side by side. We go Fig. 110. A colony of aphids on a leaf of Ceanothus; . , - 1J t h, a syrphus-fly larva, feeding; i, a winged aphid; lntoacabbage-nelO., j, an ant attending the colony

. The Canadian field-naturalist. 366 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 89 RAMSAY CHLOROPHYTA. CHRYSOPHYTA serra var. diadema and Eunotia diodon (Fig- ure 4) help confirm the bog status of Kidder Lake. Kidder had the lowest algal density of the five lakes studied (0.0039 cc/litre (Figure 1). In August, phytoplankton density reached a maximum of 400 cells/ml. A single colony of Cyanophyceae such as Gomphosphaeria often exceeds this value. This indicates the question- able value of expressing cell density as the number of cells per litre. For this reason total cell volume instead of cell number Stock Photo

RMRG1BC3–. The Canadian field-naturalist. 366 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 89 RAMSAY CHLOROPHYTA. CHRYSOPHYTA serra var. diadema and Eunotia diodon (Fig- ure 4) help confirm the bog status of Kidder Lake. Kidder had the lowest algal density of the five lakes studied (0.0039 cc/litre (Figure 1). In August, phytoplankton density reached a maximum of 400 cells/ml. A single colony of Cyanophyceae such as Gomphosphaeria often exceeds this value. This indicates the question- able value of expressing cell density as the number of cells per litre. For this reason total cell volume instead of cell number

. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 408 AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL October have taught us much) it is hard, at least for me, to believe that all this talk about the winter problem and winter protection in the ^cuthe'-n Slates is necessary. Let me give the very best packing' a colony can have in any of the South- ern States, that is, a good strong col- ony of bees with a young, ) rolifie queen and 50 to 60 pounds of honey. This may seem extravagant v.a to the amount of stores, but is not a bit too much for our warm climate, when bees fly most every day anrt often keep up brood rearing all wint Stock Photo

RMRPK251–. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 408 AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL October have taught us much) it is hard, at least for me, to believe that all this talk about the winter problem and winter protection in the ^cuthe'-n Slates is necessary. Let me give the very best packing' a colony can have in any of the South- ern States, that is, a good strong col- ony of bees with a young, ) rolifie queen and 50 to 60 pounds of honey. This may seem extravagant v.a to the amount of stores, but is not a bit too much for our warm climate, when bees fly most every day anrt often keep up brood rearing all wint

. Beekeeping in the Midwest. Bees; Bee culture. Uniting Bees Weak colonies are often liabilities instead of assets. This is espe- cially true when they have poor queens or have been queenless so long that laying workers are present. Such colonies will not make any honey and are not good risks for wintering. They should be united with a moderately strong colony with a good queen. Uniting two weak colonies will not produce one strong colony. Kill any queen present in the weak colony and place the hive, with- iut a bottom board, above a single sheet of newspaper over the open. $ y s. Please note Stock Photo

RMRJF3FD–. Beekeeping in the Midwest. Bees; Bee culture. Uniting Bees Weak colonies are often liabilities instead of assets. This is espe- cially true when they have poor queens or have been queenless so long that laying workers are present. Such colonies will not make any honey and are not good risks for wintering. They should be united with a moderately strong colony with a good queen. Uniting two weak colonies will not produce one strong colony. Kill any queen present in the weak colony and place the hive, with- iut a bottom board, above a single sheet of newspaper over the open. $ y s. Please note

. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 756 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. J{ov. 26. miles from home, we rent the ground they occupy in the pas- ture, and do all the work ourselves. We clip all queens in spring while equalizing. On each hive we keep a record of the queen and work done, which I think is necessary. As soon as the harvest season begins, our colonies are very strong, often queen-cells started. We then divide them as we think best, taking from each colony from one to three or four brood-combs with adhering bees, and form new colo- nies on new stands, as strong as any in the yard. We Stock Photo

RMRPBX8W–. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 756 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. J{ov. 26. miles from home, we rent the ground they occupy in the pas- ture, and do all the work ourselves. We clip all queens in spring while equalizing. On each hive we keep a record of the queen and work done, which I think is necessary. As soon as the harvest season begins, our colonies are very strong, often queen-cells started. We then divide them as we think best, taking from each colony from one to three or four brood-combs with adhering bees, and form new colo- nies on new stands, as strong as any in the yard. We

. An enquiry into the nature, order, and government of bees ... Bees. 98 THE HISTORY OF BEES. ed, they rofe again four times, and I returned them as often ; at twice I took from them two commanders, four at two other times, and another time three; being nine in all: after which they rofe no more. The remaining Sovereign, and the other which went out with the fwarm, made them up eleven in all, which I concluded was the whole number bred in that colony, not finding any o- ther expelled and (lain. But as a fingle flock feldom fwarms ofcner than twice or thrice, and a few of the blood royal are fu Stock Photo

RMRD8WGA–. An enquiry into the nature, order, and government of bees ... Bees. 98 THE HISTORY OF BEES. ed, they rofe again four times, and I returned them as often ; at twice I took from them two commanders, four at two other times, and another time three; being nine in all: after which they rofe no more. The remaining Sovereign, and the other which went out with the fwarm, made them up eleven in all, which I concluded was the whole number bred in that colony, not finding any o- ther expelled and (lain. But as a fingle flock feldom fwarms ofcner than twice or thrice, and a few of the blood royal are fu

. Big game hunting in Africa and other lands; the appearance, habits, traits of character and every detail of wild animal life ... Hunting -- Africa; Animal behavior. 324 THE STORY OF THE a VET, is often found to have taken up its residence in the thick tbatched roofs of native houses. I found a large colony of them established in the rafters of my own house at Calcutta. It is also occasionally found in dry drains, out- houses and other places of shelter. It issues forth at dark, living by prefer-. AN AFRICAN CIVET. ence on animal food, rats, lizards, small birds, poultry, and eggs; but it als Stock Photo

RMRHT52P–. Big game hunting in Africa and other lands; the appearance, habits, traits of character and every detail of wild animal life ... Hunting -- Africa; Animal behavior. 324 THE STORY OF THE a VET, is often found to have taken up its residence in the thick tbatched roofs of native houses. I found a large colony of them established in the rafters of my own house at Calcutta. It is also occasionally found in dry drains, out- houses and other places of shelter. It issues forth at dark, living by prefer-. AN AFRICAN CIVET. ence on animal food, rats, lizards, small birds, poultry, and eggs; but it als

. Plants and their ways in South Africa. Botany; Botany. ;io Plants and tlicir Ways in South Africa Cliffortia.—Calyx 3-parted (sometimes 4). Corolla want- ;. The flowers secrete no honey, but the stigmas are wind c pollinated. The staminate flowers are often found a long distance from shrubs bearing pistillate flowers. Leaves trifoliate, or the three leaflets may be joined into one. Leaves sometimes opposite. Many have reduced leaves tipped with sharp points. A common bush in the Colony and Natal with small greenish axillary flowers. Grielum is a trailing plant with hoary compound leaves, gro Stock Photo

RMRDTFYK–. Plants and their ways in South Africa. Botany; Botany. ;io Plants and tlicir Ways in South Africa Cliffortia.—Calyx 3-parted (sometimes 4). Corolla want- ;. The flowers secrete no honey, but the stigmas are wind c pollinated. The staminate flowers are often found a long distance from shrubs bearing pistillate flowers. Leaves trifoliate, or the three leaflets may be joined into one. Leaves sometimes opposite. Many have reduced leaves tipped with sharp points. A common bush in the Colony and Natal with small greenish axillary flowers. Grielum is a trailing plant with hoary compound leaves, gro

. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. a, spores of bacillus alvei; b, c. different forms and stages of growth of the bacillus, as found In the active stage of the disease ; d, penicillium glaucum. common mold found everywhere—it has covered every specimen of foul brood combs when laid away for awhile ; e, sarcina ventriculi often found in the rotten, ropy mass of foul brood ; f, micrococci,undetermined putrefactive forms, found in all dead brood and decaying matter—air germs. other colonies ? If your theory was correct, every larva in a foul colony would have the disease when a foul- broo Stock Photo

RMRPNKAE–. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. a, spores of bacillus alvei; b, c. different forms and stages of growth of the bacillus, as found In the active stage of the disease ; d, penicillium glaucum. common mold found everywhere—it has covered every specimen of foul brood combs when laid away for awhile ; e, sarcina ventriculi often found in the rotten, ropy mass of foul brood ; f, micrococci,undetermined putrefactive forms, found in all dead brood and decaying matter—air germs. other colonies ? If your theory was correct, every larva in a foul colony would have the disease when a foul- broo

. Effective farming; a text-book for American schools. Agriculture. 266 Effective Farming (Fig. 113) is a familiar sight. The female lays eggs in clusters about five or six weeks after the trees have blossomed. The eggs are placed in brownish bunches around a twig and they hatch the next spring about the time the trees are leaving out. The larvae start to eat at once and work in groups, spinning the silken web in which they stay during the night. In the day time, especially if the sun is shining, they crawl out and eat the foliage. Often a colony will strip the foliage from a large area. The i Stock Photo

RMRDGC4W–. Effective farming; a text-book for American schools. Agriculture. 266 Effective Farming (Fig. 113) is a familiar sight. The female lays eggs in clusters about five or six weeks after the trees have blossomed. The eggs are placed in brownish bunches around a twig and they hatch the next spring about the time the trees are leaving out. The larvae start to eat at once and work in groups, spinning the silken web in which they stay during the night. In the day time, especially if the sun is shining, they crawl out and eat the foliage. Often a colony will strip the foliage from a large area. The i

. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. 63 Figs. 01-63.—Stolonica styeliformis, new species. 61, Left and richt sides of eody of zooid. x 1.5. 62, dorsal tubercle x 15. 63, gonads. x 12.5. terior end and the atrial a little way back on the dorsal side. Colony consisting of a more or less dense cluster of zooids, which, though attached to the object on which they grow by the posterior end only, are often so crowded together that the posterior parts of their bodies are in close contact and adhere together, but they do not fuse, and can be torn apart without injuring the test. The an Stock Photo

RMRG67J3–. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. 63 Figs. 01-63.—Stolonica styeliformis, new species. 61, Left and richt sides of eody of zooid. x 1.5. 62, dorsal tubercle x 15. 63, gonads. x 12.5. terior end and the atrial a little way back on the dorsal side. Colony consisting of a more or less dense cluster of zooids, which, though attached to the object on which they grow by the posterior end only, are often so crowded together that the posterior parts of their bodies are in close contact and adhere together, but they do not fuse, and can be torn apart without injuring the test. The an

. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. Mar. 24, 1904. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 235 to be severely criticised for resorting to this method of disposinff of bees, but before vou pass senteoee just boar in mind that i am SO years old, and notwithstanding my age I am" not a millionaire but am an old soldier supported mainly by a pension, and broken down in health. I have 'i? colcmies left, unless some of them die during the win- ter—and that is all I feel able to take care of the next season. It is often the ease that a colony of bees will be found doing something different from their cu Stock Photo

RMRPDEAT–. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. Mar. 24, 1904. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 235 to be severely criticised for resorting to this method of disposinff of bees, but before vou pass senteoee just boar in mind that i am SO years old, and notwithstanding my age I am" not a millionaire but am an old soldier supported mainly by a pension, and broken down in health. I have 'i? colcmies left, unless some of them die during the win- ter—and that is all I feel able to take care of the next season. It is often the ease that a colony of bees will be found doing something different from their cu

. Cranberries; : the national cranberry magazine. Cranberries. WANTED - MORE WEDDINGS IN N. J. CRANBERRY BOGS By GUS CARNES New Brunswick N. J. (Reprinted permission N. J. Agriculture) Honeybees ave often called on to perform the marriage ceremony of cranberry flowers, but the right number needed to pollinate an acre of cranberries was just a guess until 1953. It is a common practice for New Jersey growers to use one colony of honey bees to pollinate two acres of cranberries. But the average cranberry yield in the State in 1952 was only 16.3 barrels per acre compared with 54.3 barrels in Wisco Stock Photo

RMRE6W4F–. Cranberries; : the national cranberry magazine. Cranberries. WANTED - MORE WEDDINGS IN N. J. CRANBERRY BOGS By GUS CARNES New Brunswick N. J. (Reprinted permission N. J. Agriculture) Honeybees ave often called on to perform the marriage ceremony of cranberry flowers, but the right number needed to pollinate an acre of cranberries was just a guess until 1953. It is a common practice for New Jersey growers to use one colony of honey bees to pollinate two acres of cranberries. But the average cranberry yield in the State in 1952 was only 16.3 barrels per acre compared with 54.3 barrels in Wisco

. The ecology of deep and shallow coral reefs : results of a workshop on coral reef ecology held by the American Society of Zoologists, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December 1983. Coral reef ecology. this pattern. If a planar colony doubles in area and mass, both its energy intake and metabolic costs could double as well. If Cj > c2 there is no size asymptote predicted on energetic arounds (Fig. 2B). A similar argument can, however, be used to predict the size of units within a colony (polyps, zooids, etc.) which often show guite determinate growth and a size asymptote (Sebens 1979). On ener Stock Photo

RMRDYY6P–. The ecology of deep and shallow coral reefs : results of a workshop on coral reef ecology held by the American Society of Zoologists, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December 1983. Coral reef ecology. this pattern. If a planar colony doubles in area and mass, both its energy intake and metabolic costs could double as well. If Cj > c2 there is no size asymptote predicted on energetic arounds (Fig. 2B). A similar argument can, however, be used to predict the size of units within a colony (polyps, zooids, etc.) which often show guite determinate growth and a size asymptote (Sebens 1979). On ener

. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. Phone Har. 962 and 1163 Auto. 64384 OLD COLONY BLDG., CHICAGO Write Us Today Mention The Review when yon write. easier way. A closed system could also be used to good advantage. The slope of the pipe seed only be enough to free it from air, and one inch in twenty feet will often answer, if the pipes are accurately leveled. In the larger house the radiation is only sufficient for 50 degrees in a cen- tral Illinois climate. If a temperature of 60 degrees is desired, three 2-inch pipes should be added to the returns in the larger house. The heater is Stock Photo

RMRRYDCE–. Florists' review [microform]. Floriculture. Phone Har. 962 and 1163 Auto. 64384 OLD COLONY BLDG., CHICAGO Write Us Today Mention The Review when yon write. easier way. A closed system could also be used to good advantage. The slope of the pipe seed only be enough to free it from air, and one inch in twenty feet will often answer, if the pipes are accurately leveled. In the larger house the radiation is only sufficient for 50 degrees in a cen- tral Illinois climate. If a temperature of 60 degrees is desired, three 2-inch pipes should be added to the returns in the larger house. The heater is

. Birds of America;. Birds -- North America. 94 BIRDS OF AMERICA The Ospreys are not more sociable than other raptorial birds; but an abundant food supply together with freedom from interference will often result in a number of them nesting near one another, and sometimes quite a large colony will develop. They return year after year to the same site and even rehabilitate the old nests by the addition of more material. OSPREY Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (GjiicUii) A. O. U. Xumber 364 See Color Plate 4,3 Other Names.— American Osprey; Fish Hawk; Fishing Eagle. General Description.— Length, 2 Stock Photo

RMRHJK2J–. Birds of America;. Birds -- North America. 94 BIRDS OF AMERICA The Ospreys are not more sociable than other raptorial birds; but an abundant food supply together with freedom from interference will often result in a number of them nesting near one another, and sometimes quite a large colony will develop. They return year after year to the same site and even rehabilitate the old nests by the addition of more material. OSPREY Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (GjiicUii) A. O. U. Xumber 364 See Color Plate 4,3 Other Names.— American Osprey; Fish Hawk; Fishing Eagle. General Description.— Length, 2

. Birds of America;. Birds -- North America. GREBES buoyant. Long red stems, kept alive by the water, often extended to the bottom. In a few cases, I found the birds had collected piece:. of dry tule stems as a sort of lining to their plat- form nests. From a distance, the nest colony presented a line of Ijiood-rcd against a back- ground of green tales. When we approached the Eared Grebe colony. paid no attention to this. I watched one bird as she pulled up the stems out of the water and from the lining of the nest covering her eggs comjiletely, so when we came near, there was not an egg in si Stock Photo

RMRHJKYM–. Birds of America;. Birds -- North America. GREBES buoyant. Long red stems, kept alive by the water, often extended to the bottom. In a few cases, I found the birds had collected piece:. of dry tule stems as a sort of lining to their plat- form nests. From a distance, the nest colony presented a line of Ijiood-rcd against a back- ground of green tales. When we approached the Eared Grebe colony. paid no attention to this. I watched one bird as she pulled up the stems out of the water and from the lining of the nest covering her eggs comjiletely, so when we came near, there was not an egg in si

. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. Jan. 23, 1902 AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 37. lllVK-M.VKKKll .VXD TEN SEl TIDXS UF IKJXEY. colony can be produced with it as with any other separator made. Veneer or solid wood separators are too frail. The fence has not only the same objectionable feature, but with it' another fully as objectionable, viz., often ribby comb in sections. Not only this, but as the fence is made for use with plain sections only, I find it difficult in many instances to case plain sections when filled, without marring the yap- pings. My favorite section is the 4'^^x4'4 xl Js, a Stock Photo

RMRPKTMB–. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. Jan. 23, 1902 AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 37. lllVK-M.VKKKll .VXD TEN SEl TIDXS UF IKJXEY. colony can be produced with it as with any other separator made. Veneer or solid wood separators are too frail. The fence has not only the same objectionable feature, but with it' another fully as objectionable, viz., often ribby comb in sections. Not only this, but as the fence is made for use with plain sections only, I find it difficult in many instances to case plain sections when filled, without marring the yap- pings. My favorite section is the 4'^^x4'4 xl Js, a

. Biggle bee book [microform] : a swarm of facts on practical bee-keeping, carefully hived. Bees. 88 PTcr.LF TIFF. r.onic The bees affected have a black and greasy ap- pearance, and in the early stages an occasional bee will be seen running around on the alighting board, with its abdomen swollen. Sometimes the bees will walk unsteadily with trembling in the legs, and will of their own accord leave the colony and crawl off in the grass to die. Re-queening the colony will often result in a cure, although in the South and West this method seems to have but little effect. The most effective plan i Stock Photo

RMRHT76N–. Biggle bee book [microform] : a swarm of facts on practical bee-keeping, carefully hived. Bees. 88 PTcr.LF TIFF. r.onic The bees affected have a black and greasy ap- pearance, and in the early stages an occasional bee will be seen running around on the alighting board, with its abdomen swollen. Sometimes the bees will walk unsteadily with trembling in the legs, and will of their own accord leave the colony and crawl off in the grass to die. Re-queening the colony will often result in a cure, although in the South and West this method seems to have but little effect. The most effective plan i

. The Canadian field-naturalist. CHRYSOPHYTA serra var. diadema and Eunotia diodon (Fig- ure 4) help confirm the bog status of Kidder Lake. Kidder had the lowest algal density of the five lakes studied (0.0039 cc/litre (Figure 1). In August, phytoplankton density reached a maximum of 400 cells/ml. A single colony of Cyanophyceae such as Gomphosphaeria often exceeds this value. This indicates the question- able value of expressing cell density as the number of cells per litre. For this reason total cell volume instead of cell number was used (Figure 1) as a more reliable estimate of standing cr Stock Photo

RMRG1BBK–. The Canadian field-naturalist. CHRYSOPHYTA serra var. diadema and Eunotia diodon (Fig- ure 4) help confirm the bog status of Kidder Lake. Kidder had the lowest algal density of the five lakes studied (0.0039 cc/litre (Figure 1). In August, phytoplankton density reached a maximum of 400 cells/ml. A single colony of Cyanophyceae such as Gomphosphaeria often exceeds this value. This indicates the question- able value of expressing cell density as the number of cells per litre. For this reason total cell volume instead of cell number was used (Figure 1) as a more reliable estimate of standing cr

. Birds of America;. Birds -- North America. GULLS 45 Herrinsx Gulls breed on the rocky islands off the coast of Maine and thence northward. Fre- quently they assemble in very lartje numbers at this season. Probably lo.ooo nest annually on Great Duck Island and the colony on the island of No-Man's-Land, Maine, has of recent vears been even larger. The nests are made of grass and are often hidden in clumps of grass, bv the side of logs or among piles of bowlders. Within a few days after hatching the young are able to run about and when a visitor walks through a breeding colony at this time the Stock Photo

RMRHJKBA–. Birds of America;. Birds -- North America. GULLS 45 Herrinsx Gulls breed on the rocky islands off the coast of Maine and thence northward. Fre- quently they assemble in very lartje numbers at this season. Probably lo.ooo nest annually on Great Duck Island and the colony on the island of No-Man's-Land, Maine, has of recent vears been even larger. The nests are made of grass and are often hidden in clumps of grass, bv the side of logs or among piles of bowlders. Within a few days after hatching the young are able to run about and when a visitor walks through a breeding colony at this time the

. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 156 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM any encrusting matter. There is no sand within the colony and the common test is fairly homogeneous, except for fibres and a few scattered bladder cells. In well-preserved colonies the zooids are sometimes visible externally; they are mainly confined to the lobes. The zooids (fig. 20 B) consist of a short wide thorax often about 1 mm. long, and a narrower abdomen about 2 mm. long. A long vascular process B. Fig. 20. Eudistoma digitatum sp. n. A, colony; B, zooid Stock Photo

RMRMK7M0–. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 156 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM any encrusting matter. There is no sand within the colony and the common test is fairly homogeneous, except for fibres and a few scattered bladder cells. In well-preserved colonies the zooids are sometimes visible externally; they are mainly confined to the lobes. The zooids (fig. 20 B) consist of a short wide thorax often about 1 mm. long, and a narrower abdomen about 2 mm. long. A long vascular process B. Fig. 20. Eudistoma digitatum sp. n. A, colony; B, zooid

. Bulletin - Biological Survey. Zoology, Economic. FOOD OF ITESTLINGS. 47 a colony in the face of the river bluff. They were probably the prog- eny of the swallows that frequently circled over the farm. The food of the nestling's and that of adults collected during the nesting season is shown in diagrams (PL IX, fig. 2). Purple martins, which came from a colon}^ of somewhat more than a dozen pairs nesting in boxes on poles at Bryan's Point, a mile above the house, were often seen circling about the farm. On June 28,1902, I visited the colony and found the parent birds feeding the 3^oung sol- d Stock Photo

RMRGT7CB–. Bulletin - Biological Survey. Zoology, Economic. FOOD OF ITESTLINGS. 47 a colony in the face of the river bluff. They were probably the prog- eny of the swallows that frequently circled over the farm. The food of the nestling's and that of adults collected during the nesting season is shown in diagrams (PL IX, fig. 2). Purple martins, which came from a colon}^ of somewhat more than a dozen pairs nesting in boxes on poles at Bryan's Point, a mile above the house, were often seen circling about the farm. On June 28,1902, I visited the colony and found the parent birds feeding the 3^oung sol- d

. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology. SYSTEMATICS OF MELICERITITID CYCLOSTOME BRYOZOANS 87. Fig. 255 Reptomultelea pegma sp. nov., VH 10430, Lower Cenomanian, Mulheim/Ruhr, Westfalia, Germany; eleozooid with broken hinge line, x 142. Westfalia, Germany. VH 10440, L. Santonian, Lengede- Broistedt, nr Braunschweig, Westfalia, Germany. I Description. Colony multilamellar, layers variable in thick- : ness from about 0-3-0-5 mm. Basal lamina often growing free of substratum, undulose, when weathered revealing septal trace pattern defining long, narrow basal outlines of zooids Stock Photo

RMRGJ5F2–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology. SYSTEMATICS OF MELICERITITID CYCLOSTOME BRYOZOANS 87. Fig. 255 Reptomultelea pegma sp. nov., VH 10430, Lower Cenomanian, Mulheim/Ruhr, Westfalia, Germany; eleozooid with broken hinge line, x 142. Westfalia, Germany. VH 10440, L. Santonian, Lengede- Broistedt, nr Braunschweig, Westfalia, Germany. I Description. Colony multilamellar, layers variable in thick- : ness from about 0-3-0-5 mm. Basal lamina often growing free of substratum, undulose, when weathered revealing septal trace pattern defining long, narrow basal outlines of zooids

. The American bee keeper. Bee culture; Honey. THE Bee = Keeping World GERMANY. There are a number of mutual insur- ance companies in existence in Ger- many, which will insure .bee-keepers against damage. The premiums paid are insignificant, amounting to less than one cent per colony. The Baltische Cen- tralverein was called on to pay but one claim (of 51 marks) in five years. All the other institutions have a surplus on hand. Dr. Ejvind Astrup found honey bees under the 83rd degree of latitude, ac- cording to Deutcher Bienenfreund. "Box hives versus frame hives" is a subject often d Stock Photo

RMRPG1PJ–. The American bee keeper. Bee culture; Honey. THE Bee = Keeping World GERMANY. There are a number of mutual insur- ance companies in existence in Ger- many, which will insure .bee-keepers against damage. The premiums paid are insignificant, amounting to less than one cent per colony. The Baltische Cen- tralverein was called on to pay but one claim (of 51 marks) in five years. All the other institutions have a surplus on hand. Dr. Ejvind Astrup found honey bees under the 83rd degree of latitude, ac- cording to Deutcher Bienenfreund. "Box hives versus frame hives" is a subject often d

. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 25, 1895. No. 17. Coi;)tributed /Kriicles^ On Important JLjyiarian Subjects. No. 3. -Bits of Experience, and a Few Ques- tions Suggested by Them. BY T. I. DUGDALE. (Continued from page 248.) It has often been stated that in order to winter success- fully, a colony of bees must have nearly all their winter sup- ply of honey capped over. While this in the main maybe true, I wish to mention a case which came under my observa- tion. In the fall of 1893, while lookins over my bees to as- certain their condition as to stores Stock Photo

RMRPD69H–. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 25, 1895. No. 17. Coi;)tributed /Kriicles^ On Important JLjyiarian Subjects. No. 3. -Bits of Experience, and a Few Ques- tions Suggested by Them. BY T. I. DUGDALE. (Continued from page 248.) It has often been stated that in order to winter success- fully, a colony of bees must have nearly all their winter sup- ply of honey capped over. While this in the main maybe true, I wish to mention a case which came under my observa- tion. In the fall of 1893, while lookins over my bees to as- certain their condition as to stores

. Bee-keeping. Bee culture; Bees. 70 BEE-KEEPING. It is thus represented by its inventor in Messrs. Neighbours' list.. " Is made of light net, called Lcno, fits over the hat or cap, with .sleeves tied at the wrists, and strings at the bottom to draw and fasten round the waist, the sleeves being made of a stronger ma- terial. Price 5s. ; by post, 6s." If you have more than one bee-shed, do net place the young colony in the shed in which its mother hive stands. A few straggling bees often hang about the branch next day. Lay on it a few nettles, and they will speedily forsake it, and re Stock Photo

RMRJGT5P–. Bee-keeping. Bee culture; Bees. 70 BEE-KEEPING. It is thus represented by its inventor in Messrs. Neighbours' list.. " Is made of light net, called Lcno, fits over the hat or cap, with .sleeves tied at the wrists, and strings at the bottom to draw and fasten round the waist, the sleeves being made of a stronger ma- terial. Price 5s. ; by post, 6s." If you have more than one bee-shed, do net place the young colony in the shed in which its mother hive stands. A few straggling bees often hang about the branch next day. Lay on it a few nettles, and they will speedily forsake it, and re

. Text-book of zoology for junior students. Zoology. MOLLUSCOIDA. 1S7 CHAPTER XIX. MOLLU.SCOIDA. Class I. Polyzoa. The members of this class are the lowest of all the Mollusca, and the}' are generally known by the popular names of " Sea-mosses ". Fi^,'. V:;.—Fluslra fuKacm, one nf the Sp;i ui.its c Porticn of tlie colony, nutnirj sizt- ; 6 A fragment niagniHed, to s}io the < i ll^ iu which tlie seiiarate imlypidcs a;'e contained. and " Sea-mats." They are invarialjly compound, forming associated growths or colonies, often moie or less jjlant-like in form (tig. 131),. Stock Photo

RMRDNJN4–. Text-book of zoology for junior students. Zoology. MOLLUSCOIDA. 1S7 CHAPTER XIX. MOLLU.SCOIDA. Class I. Polyzoa. The members of this class are the lowest of all the Mollusca, and the}' are generally known by the popular names of " Sea-mosses ". Fi^,'. V:;.—Fluslra fuKacm, one nf the Sp;i ui.its c Porticn of tlie colony, nutnirj sizt- ; 6 A fragment niagniHed, to s}io the < i ll^ iu which tlie seiiarate imlypidcs a;'e contained. and " Sea-mats." They are invarialjly compound, forming associated growths or colonies, often moie or less jjlant-like in form (tig. 131),.

. The natural history of the farm : a guide to the practical study of the sources of our living in wild nature . Natural history. 270 NATURAL HISTORY OP THE FARM. from within. These thus escape poisons deposited upon the surface of the plant, and are killed by spraying only when some contact in- secticide (like kero- sene emulsion, or various prepara- tions of nicotine, etc.) is thrown upon their bodies. Both types of feeders we often find side by side. We go Fig. 110. A colony of aphids on a leaf of Ceanothus; . , - 1J t h, a syrphus-fly larva, feeding; i, a winged aphid; lntoacabbage-nelO Stock Photo

RMRDGX23–. The natural history of the farm : a guide to the practical study of the sources of our living in wild nature . Natural history. 270 NATURAL HISTORY OP THE FARM. from within. These thus escape poisons deposited upon the surface of the plant, and are killed by spraying only when some contact in- secticide (like kero- sene emulsion, or various prepara- tions of nicotine, etc.) is thrown upon their bodies. Both types of feeders we often find side by side. We go Fig. 110. A colony of aphids on a leaf of Ceanothus; . , - 1J t h, a syrphus-fly larva, feeding; i, a winged aphid; lntoacabbage-nelO

. Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British museum (Natural history) ... Fishes; Freshwater animals. .-2 ANABA^'TID.E. as deep as long, the distance between dorsal and caudal about i length of head. Scales rugose, partly cycloid, partly ctenoid, 27-29 jqih â > lateral lines '^. Brown above, lighter beneath, often spotted all over with black; blackish lines radiating from the eye ; spinous dorsal with black markings; lobe between opercular spines black. Total length 120 millim. Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony. l-:5. Types. I'ort; ElizaLeth. 4-6. Types. -, 7-10. Types. II. Skel Stock Photo

RMRDJPJ0–. Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British museum (Natural history) ... Fishes; Freshwater animals. .-2 ANABA^'TID.E. as deep as long, the distance between dorsal and caudal about i length of head. Scales rugose, partly cycloid, partly ctenoid, 27-29 jqih â > lateral lines '^. Brown above, lighter beneath, often spotted all over with black; blackish lines radiating from the eye ; spinous dorsal with black markings; lobe between opercular spines black. Total length 120 millim. Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony. l-:5. Types. I'ort; ElizaLeth. 4-6. Types. -, 7-10. Types. II. Skel

. Atlas and principles of bacteriology and text-book of special bacteriologic diagnosis. Bacteriology. PLATE 6. Micrococcus luteus. Ferd. Cohn, emended by Lehm. and Neum. I. Gelatin stab, six days at 22°. II. Gelatin plate, three days at 22°. X 50. To the left, superficial; to the right, a deep colony. III. Microscopic preparation. X 1000. From a two- days'-old agar plate. Often the micrococci are grouped in tetrads. IV. Agar plate, five days at 22°. Natural size. The colonies are sometimes more yellow. V. Potato culture, six days at 22°. Sometimes it has a dull luster. Sarcina pulmonum. Virch Stock Photo

RMRE4GWH–. Atlas and principles of bacteriology and text-book of special bacteriologic diagnosis. Bacteriology. PLATE 6. Micrococcus luteus. Ferd. Cohn, emended by Lehm. and Neum. I. Gelatin stab, six days at 22°. II. Gelatin plate, three days at 22°. X 50. To the left, superficial; to the right, a deep colony. III. Microscopic preparation. X 1000. From a two- days'-old agar plate. Often the micrococci are grouped in tetrads. IV. Agar plate, five days at 22°. Natural size. The colonies are sometimes more yellow. V. Potato culture, six days at 22°. Sometimes it has a dull luster. Sarcina pulmonum. Virch

. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 674 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 17, may store a few hundred pounds of honey. The best colony stored 5S pounds. I want to say tliat the yellow bees are the bees that always get the honey for me since the white clover has failed so often. If it were not for the yellow bees, I would have been out of bees. This is the way I manage young queens; it is a little different from anything I ever saw in print: First, after receiving a queen. I take two frames, shake all the old bees off, and place them with a queen in a hive, then shut the hive up so that no Stock Photo

RMRPCXP8–. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 674 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Oct. 17, may store a few hundred pounds of honey. The best colony stored 5S pounds. I want to say tliat the yellow bees are the bees that always get the honey for me since the white clover has failed so often. If it were not for the yellow bees, I would have been out of bees. This is the way I manage young queens; it is a little different from anything I ever saw in print: First, after receiving a queen. I take two frames, shake all the old bees off, and place them with a queen in a hive, then shut the hive up so that no

. Beekeeping in California. Bees. 14 California Agricultural Extension Service [Cir- 10° ten or more frames. If the space for brood-rearing is limited to one or two stories, some frames may be entirely filled with brood, the honey and pollen being crowded to the outside frames. If the brood nest is confined to the second story only, as often happens in early spring in a colony wintered in two stories, much of the pollen will be stored in the lower hive body.. Fig. 3.—A 2%-story hive. ^Bottom-board; BandC, brood chambers; D, queen excluder; E, shallow extract- ing super ; F, inner cover; G, out Stock Photo

RMRJGRG9–. Beekeeping in California. Bees. 14 California Agricultural Extension Service [Cir- 10° ten or more frames. If the space for brood-rearing is limited to one or two stories, some frames may be entirely filled with brood, the honey and pollen being crowded to the outside frames. If the brood nest is confined to the second story only, as often happens in early spring in a colony wintered in two stories, much of the pollen will be stored in the lower hive body.. Fig. 3.—A 2%-story hive. ^Bottom-board; BandC, brood chambers; D, queen excluder; E, shallow extract- ing super ; F, inner cover; G, out

. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. C -Opercula, X85, of Holoporella turrita Smitt, 1873 A. Ordinary zooecia. B, C. Two forms of salient zooecia. zoarial surface there are often large salient zooecia with smooth frontal, arranged in sporadic groups of 2 or 3. Measurements.—Aperture of ordinary zooecia = 0.20 mm.; aper- ture of sporadic zooecia = 0.20-0.25; ordinary zooecia = 0.60; spo- radic zooecia = 0.60-0.70; and length of zoarial avicularia, 0.50. Variations.—The sporadic zooecia are not formed by all the colonies. On the same colony and without apparent reason the porifor Stock Photo

RMRG71Y4–. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. C -Opercula, X85, of Holoporella turrita Smitt, 1873 A. Ordinary zooecia. B, C. Two forms of salient zooecia. zoarial surface there are often large salient zooecia with smooth frontal, arranged in sporadic groups of 2 or 3. Measurements.—Aperture of ordinary zooecia = 0.20 mm.; aper- ture of sporadic zooecia = 0.20-0.25; ordinary zooecia = 0.60; spo- radic zooecia = 0.60-0.70; and length of zoarial avicularia, 0.50. Variations.—The sporadic zooecia are not formed by all the colonies. On the same colony and without apparent reason the porifor

. Poultry-craft. A text-book for poultry keepers ... Poultry. a8 PO UL TR r- CRAFT. the roofs covered several inches deep with earth. Fig. 6 shows a single house often used with the colony plan. It is usually built without windows, the south front of the shed being always open, and the door between shed and roosting room being closed only in severe weather. Sometimes ;i slat door is hung inside to admit air, while keeping out night prowlers. The diagram is for a house 8 x i6 ft. on the ground, the floor space equally divided for the close room and the open shed.. % ^ ^ Fig. 7. Two-Pen Poultry Stock Photo

RMRDFD3M–. Poultry-craft. A text-book for poultry keepers ... Poultry. a8 PO UL TR r- CRAFT. the roofs covered several inches deep with earth. Fig. 6 shows a single house often used with the colony plan. It is usually built without windows, the south front of the shed being always open, and the door between shed and roosting room being closed only in severe weather. Sometimes ;i slat door is hung inside to admit air, while keeping out night prowlers. The diagram is for a house 8 x i6 ft. on the ground, the floor space equally divided for the close room and the open shed.. % ^ ^ Fig. 7. Two-Pen Poultry

. My studio neighbors. Natural history. of this in the httle wild flower known as the d e V i r s - b 11 {ChamcElir'ium In tenm whose long, white, ta- pering spire of feath- ery bloom may often be seen rising above the sedges in the swamp. Two years ago I chanced upon a little colony of four or five plants at the edge of a bog. The flowers, all of them, were mere petals and stamens (B, Fig. 8). I looked in vain for a single stigmatic plant or flower; but far across the swamp, a thousand feet. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enha Stock Photo

RMRDMJHA–. My studio neighbors. Natural history. of this in the httle wild flower known as the d e V i r s - b 11 {ChamcElir'ium In tenm whose long, white, ta- pering spire of feath- ery bloom may often be seen rising above the sedges in the swamp. Two years ago I chanced upon a little colony of four or five plants at the edge of a bog. The flowers, all of them, were mere petals and stamens (B, Fig. 8). I looked in vain for a single stigmatic plant or flower; but far across the swamp, a thousand feet. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enha

. Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History); Fishes; Freshwater animals. 52 ANABANTIDJE. as deep as long, the distance between dorsal and caudal about length 3-4 of head. Scales rugose, partly cycloid, partly ctenoid, 27-29 j^jj ; Brown above, lighter beneath, often spotted all over lateral lines 15-18 4-11 with black; blackish lines radiating from the eye ; spinous dorsal with black markings ; lobe between opercular spines black. Total length 120 millim. Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony. 1-3. Types, 4-6. Types. 7-10. T Stock Photo

RMRF1W7C–. Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History); Fishes; Freshwater animals. 52 ANABANTIDJE. as deep as long, the distance between dorsal and caudal about length 3-4 of head. Scales rugose, partly cycloid, partly ctenoid, 27-29 j^jj ; Brown above, lighter beneath, often spotted all over lateral lines 15-18 4-11 with black; blackish lines radiating from the eye ; spinous dorsal with black markings ; lobe between opercular spines black. Total length 120 millim. Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony. 1-3. Types, 4-6. Types. 7-10. T

RMRFA2PY–. Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History); Fishes; Freshwater animals. 52 ANABANTIDJE. as deep as long, the distance between dorsal and caudal about length 3-4 of head. Scales rugose, partly cycloid, partly ctenoid, 27-29 j^jj ; Brown above, lighter beneath, often spotted all over lateral lines 15-18 4-11 with black; blackish lines radiating from the eye ; spinous dorsal with black markings ; lobe between opercular spines black. Total length 120 millim. Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony. 1-3. Types, 4-6. Types. 7-10. T

. Langstroth on the hive and honey-bee. Bees. OUT-DOOR SHELTEKING. 355 in bad weather. In the hot and cold climate of the Missis- sippi Valley, the cloister could be used but little. Great injury is often done by disturbing a colony of bees when the weather is so cold that they cannot fly. Many that. Fig. 131. INSIDE VIEW OF TWO-STOEY DOUELE-Vv'ALL LANGSTEOTH HIVE. Old style. a, &j Cj double bottom-board, d^ stationary outer-case, f^ portico. ff, entrance through double wall, h^ i^ front and back of lower hive. j, Zj rabbetted pieces. ? , lower honey-board, mj lower part of cover. o, q, co Stock Photo

RMRDF5NM–. Langstroth on the hive and honey-bee. Bees. OUT-DOOR SHELTEKING. 355 in bad weather. In the hot and cold climate of the Missis- sippi Valley, the cloister could be used but little. Great injury is often done by disturbing a colony of bees when the weather is so cold that they cannot fly. Many that. Fig. 131. INSIDE VIEW OF TWO-STOEY DOUELE-Vv'ALL LANGSTEOTH HIVE. Old style. a, &j Cj double bottom-board, d^ stationary outer-case, f^ portico. ff, entrance through double wall, h^ i^ front and back of lower hive. j, Zj rabbetted pieces. ? , lower honey-board, mj lower part of cover. o, q, co

. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK ^ 1861 -0S.'B^ICA^ AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. C ^HE Ot^ r'N AMERICA. 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 25, 1895. No. 17. Coi;)tributed /Kriicles^ On Important JLjyiarian Subjects. No. 3. -Bits of Experience, and a Few Ques- tions Suggested by Them. BY T. I. DUGDALE. (Continued from page 248.) It has often been stated that in order to winter success- fully, a colony of bees must have nearly all their winter sup- ply of honey capped over. While this in the main maybe true, I wish to mention a case which came under my observa- tion. In the f Stock Photo

RMRPD6A7–. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK ^ 1861 -0S.'B^ICA^ AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. C ^HE Ot^ r'N AMERICA. 35tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 25, 1895. No. 17. Coi;)tributed /Kriicles^ On Important JLjyiarian Subjects. No. 3. -Bits of Experience, and a Few Ques- tions Suggested by Them. BY T. I. DUGDALE. (Continued from page 248.) It has often been stated that in order to winter success- fully, a colony of bees must have nearly all their winter sup- ply of honey capped over. While this in the main maybe true, I wish to mention a case which came under my observa- tion. In the f

. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 1896. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 63 stroth. I have three or four 8-trame hives. My experience has been that the bees go into the supers just as soon in an 11-frame hive as if it had but S frames, and I get 33 sections of honey in a large hive just as quick as I do 24 sections in an 8-frame hive, and I do not think the bees are as apt to swarm so often. I give them supers at the proper time. My best colony produced 160 perfect sec- tions of honey the past season. M. M. Miller. Chatsworth, HI., Dec. 9, 1S95. Bees Near a Railroad Track. In reply to a ques Stock Photo

RMRPDJDB–. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 1896. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 63 stroth. I have three or four 8-trame hives. My experience has been that the bees go into the supers just as soon in an 11-frame hive as if it had but S frames, and I get 33 sections of honey in a large hive just as quick as I do 24 sections in an 8-frame hive, and I do not think the bees are as apt to swarm so often. I give them supers at the proper time. My best colony produced 160 perfect sec- tions of honey the past season. M. M. Miller. Chatsworth, HI., Dec. 9, 1S95. Bees Near a Railroad Track. In reply to a ques

. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 'Mi^. expense of the crop of the next year. If 10,000 bees will gather 10 pounds of surplus honey, arithmetic alone might indicate that 70,1)00 bees will gather 70 pounds of surplus. But 10,000 bees will probably almost go hungry while the 70,000 are piling up a nice surplus for their owner. However, the 70,000 must be on time, for if they ar- rive a few weeks too late they are con- sumers and not producers. Further- more, a weak colony in spring maV often be almost starving while its strong neighbor colony will not only be in better shape for the fut Stock Photo

RMRPHJ1W–. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 'Mi^. expense of the crop of the next year. If 10,000 bees will gather 10 pounds of surplus honey, arithmetic alone might indicate that 70,1)00 bees will gather 70 pounds of surplus. But 10,000 bees will probably almost go hungry while the 70,000 are piling up a nice surplus for their owner. However, the 70,000 must be on time, for if they ar- rive a few weeks too late they are con- sumers and not producers. Further- more, a weak colony in spring maV often be almost starving while its strong neighbor colony will not only be in better shape for the fut

. Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum. Freshwater fishes. 52 AXABANTID-E. as deep as Unvr, the di^itauce between dorsal and caudal about j length 3-4 of head. Scales rugose, partly cycloid, partly ctenoid, 27-29 jqiji ; lateral lines 4^. Brown above, lighter beneath, often spotted all over with black ; blackish lines radiating from the eye ; spinous dorsal with black markings ; lobe between opercular spines black. Total length 120 millim. Tort Elizabeth, Cape Colony. IWt Elizi.lictli. 1-:}. Types. •1-t;. Types. 7-10, Types. 11. Skcl. 12. 11 or. H. A. Spencer, Es Stock Photo

RMRFA2Y5–. Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum. Freshwater fishes. 52 AXABANTID-E. as deep as Unvr, the di^itauce between dorsal and caudal about j length 3-4 of head. Scales rugose, partly cycloid, partly ctenoid, 27-29 jqiji ; lateral lines 4^. Brown above, lighter beneath, often spotted all over with black ; blackish lines radiating from the eye ; spinous dorsal with black markings ; lobe between opercular spines black. Total length 120 millim. Tort Elizabeth, Cape Colony. IWt Elizi.lictli. 1-:}. Types. •1-t;. Types. 7-10, Types. 11. Skcl. 12. 11 or. H. A. Spencer, Es

RMRF1WD2–. Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum. Freshwater fishes. 52 AXABANTID-E. as deep as Unvr, the di^itauce between dorsal and caudal about j length 3-4 of head. Scales rugose, partly cycloid, partly ctenoid, 27-29 jqiji ; lateral lines 4^. Brown above, lighter beneath, often spotted all over with black ; blackish lines radiating from the eye ; spinous dorsal with black markings ; lobe between opercular spines black. Total length 120 millim. Tort Elizabeth, Cape Colony. IWt Elizi.lictli. 1-:}. Types. •1-t;. Types. 7-10, Types. 11. Skcl. 12. 11 or. H. A. Spencer, Es

. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. P^' Dur '"' il^'Bee - Keeping iH^UittUiiMmk. Conducted by Kmma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111. A Kansas Sister's Report I started in the spring of 1906 with 9 colonies. I increased 4, lost 1, sold 3, and secured 700 pounds of comb honey. So I am going to winter 9 colonies if all goes well. I have not lost my in- terest in bees or the American Bee Journal, even if I do not write often. Mrs. Ben Ferguson. Ft. Dodge, Kans., Jan. 7. An average yield of 78 pounds per colony, spring count, and comb honey at that, in an unusually poor year, is something well w Stock Photo

RMRPK7YM–. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. P^' Dur '"' il^'Bee - Keeping iH^UittUiiMmk. Conducted by Kmma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111. A Kansas Sister's Report I started in the spring of 1906 with 9 colonies. I increased 4, lost 1, sold 3, and secured 700 pounds of comb honey. So I am going to winter 9 colonies if all goes well. I have not lost my in- terest in bees or the American Bee Journal, even if I do not write often. Mrs. Ben Ferguson. Ft. Dodge, Kans., Jan. 7. An average yield of 78 pounds per colony, spring count, and comb honey at that, in an unusually poor year, is something well w

. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. PACIFIC TUNICATA OF U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 161. Figure 64.—Boirylloides violaceus marginal us, new subspecies: a, lobe of larger colony; b, two pairs of zooids from a system; c, small gonad on right side. are alive (fig. Q-ia). Usually a pair of yellowish pigments near distal end of atrial languet (fig, 64&), Stigmatal rows 12-14 on right, 12-1^^ on left side, posterior-most row often rudimentary. Dorsal edge of second row does not reach median line. From 8 to 9 rows exposed through a huge atrial opening. Up to 15 stigmata in each row on e Stock Photo

RMRG7CBR–. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. PACIFIC TUNICATA OF U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 161. Figure 64.—Boirylloides violaceus marginal us, new subspecies: a, lobe of larger colony; b, two pairs of zooids from a system; c, small gonad on right side. are alive (fig. Q-ia). Usually a pair of yellowish pigments near distal end of atrial languet (fig, 64&), Stigmatal rows 12-14 on right, 12-1^^ on left side, posterior-most row often rudimentary. Dorsal edge of second row does not reach median line. From 8 to 9 rows exposed through a huge atrial opening. Up to 15 stigmata in each row on e

. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 70 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin No. 92. Seynesiopeltis tetraplasandrae Stevens and Ryan n. sp. Epiphyllous, colonies 1-2 mm. in diameter, irregularly scattered, often confluent, numerous. The fungus body circular, composed of radiating hyphae, septate, branch- ing, olive-green, 5 n thick, bearing black, disk-shaped perithecia, 113-227^ in dia- meter. Asci 8-spored, spatulate, non-paraphysate, 169-180 X 36-45 /*. Spores green- brown, ovate, one septate, 21-43 X 12-18 m, the lower cell about one and one-half times as large as' the upper. Colony bearing black setae, Stock Photo

RMRPY25W–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 70 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin No. 92. Seynesiopeltis tetraplasandrae Stevens and Ryan n. sp. Epiphyllous, colonies 1-2 mm. in diameter, irregularly scattered, often confluent, numerous. The fungus body circular, composed of radiating hyphae, septate, branch- ing, olive-green, 5 n thick, bearing black, disk-shaped perithecia, 113-227^ in dia- meter. Asci 8-spored, spatulate, non-paraphysate, 169-180 X 36-45 /*. Spores green- brown, ovate, one septate, 21-43 X 12-18 m, the lower cell about one and one-half times as large as' the upper. Colony bearing black setae,

. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. INTEGRATION IN REEF CORALS 421 Location /'infertile polyps in fecund i Table II ies often species l reef corals Species Colony shape Location of infertile polyps No. of colonies l-ina /iiixiini Massive none, but 27% of marginal polyps lack planulae (vs. 7% of central polyps lacking planulae) 77 Siderastrea radians Massive 0 to 0.25-0.5 cm from margin (one to two rows of polyps) 65 Ponies astreoides Massive 0 to 0.5-1.5 cm from margin (three to 10 rows of polyps) 10 Muiitiistrcii ajiVTO.iv/ Massive 0 to 0.5-1 cm from margin Stock Photo

RMRHKN5K–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. INTEGRATION IN REEF CORALS 421 Location /'infertile polyps in fecund i Table II ies often species l reef corals Species Colony shape Location of infertile polyps No. of colonies l-ina /iiixiini Massive none, but 27% of marginal polyps lack planulae (vs. 7% of central polyps lacking planulae) 77 Siderastrea radians Massive 0 to 0.25-0.5 cm from margin (one to two rows of polyps) 65 Ponies astreoides Massive 0 to 0.5-1.5 cm from margin (three to 10 rows of polyps) 10 Muiitiistrcii ajiVTO.iv/ Massive 0 to 0.5-1 cm from margin

. Langstroth on the hive & honey bee. Bees. OUT-DOOR SHELTERING. 355 in bad weather. In the hot and cold climate of the Missis- sippi Valley, the cloister could be used but little. Great injury is often done by disturbing a colony of bees when the weather is so cold that they cannot fly. Many that. W^ I I jSi^g^gsg^iaa^ss^^^^^^m^^^ss^^R^jgz^gaaggEaaaggBaa^ Fig. 131. INSIDE VIEW OF TWO-STOKY DOUBLE-WALL LANGSTEOTH HIVE. Old Style. a, bj Cj double bottom-board, d, stationary outer-case, f, portico. fff entrance through double wall, hj ij front and back of lower hive. jj Sj rabbetted pieces. Stock Photo

RMRDA9EY–. Langstroth on the hive & honey bee. Bees. OUT-DOOR SHELTERING. 355 in bad weather. In the hot and cold climate of the Missis- sippi Valley, the cloister could be used but little. Great injury is often done by disturbing a colony of bees when the weather is so cold that they cannot fly. Many that. W^ I I jSi^g^gsg^iaa^ss^^^^^^m^^^ss^^R^jgz^gaaggEaaaggBaa^ Fig. 131. INSIDE VIEW OF TWO-STOKY DOUBLE-WALL LANGSTEOTH HIVE. Old Style. a, bj Cj double bottom-board, d, stationary outer-case, f, portico. fff entrance through double wall, hj ij front and back of lower hive. jj Sj rabbetted pieces.

. Department circular. Agriculture. 23 Wrens are rather local in Massachusetts, but when once a colony is started they are almost perfectly protected in nesting boxes and are likely to increase. There should he at least three boxes to each pair of wrens, as they are so industrious that a pair often will build two additional nests beside the one in use, and such building activity may keep them out of mis- chief. Otherwise they may attack the eggs of other birds. Many writers express the belief that it is a mistake to put up nesting boxes too near together, as jealousy and fighting will ensue an Stock Photo

RMRCYHXF–. Department circular. Agriculture. 23 Wrens are rather local in Massachusetts, but when once a colony is started they are almost perfectly protected in nesting boxes and are likely to increase. There should he at least three boxes to each pair of wrens, as they are so industrious that a pair often will build two additional nests beside the one in use, and such building activity may keep them out of mis- chief. Otherwise they may attack the eggs of other birds. Many writers express the belief that it is a mistake to put up nesting boxes too near together, as jealousy and fighting will ensue an

. Diagnosing bee diseases in the apiary. Bees Diseases Diagnosis. 28 CIRCULAR 3 9 2, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE die outside, When large numbers of infested bees crawl from the hive at about the same time, the condition is known as mass crawling. Bees often continue to work for weeks after they have become infested by mites, and acarine disease may be well advanced in a colony before, symptoms are noticeable. The most commonly rec- ognized symptoms are crawling and the loss of ability to fly. Crawl- ing may come on gradually when the disease spreads slowly within the colony, or it may deve Stock Photo

RMRCTJPK–. Diagnosing bee diseases in the apiary. Bees Diseases Diagnosis. 28 CIRCULAR 3 9 2, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE die outside, When large numbers of infested bees crawl from the hive at about the same time, the condition is known as mass crawling. Bees often continue to work for weeks after they have become infested by mites, and acarine disease may be well advanced in a colony before, symptoms are noticeable. The most commonly rec- ognized symptoms are crawling and the loss of ability to fly. Crawl- ing may come on gradually when the disease spreads slowly within the colony, or it may deve

. Elementary entomology. Entomology. HYMENOPTERA 255. Fig. 404. Wheat straw-worm, spring genera- tion. (Much enlarged) a, b, larvae; /, female. (After Riley, United States Department of Agriculture) abdomen of true ants forms a sort of knot or tooth between the thorax and abdomen. The males and females are winged and mate in their nuptial flight, which may often be ob- served on a warm summer day, when the air will be filled with them. After this the males soon die, but the females bite off their wings and either found a new colony or are taken in by some workers. The workers, or neuters, are Stock Photo

RMRD1KBJ–. Elementary entomology. Entomology. HYMENOPTERA 255. Fig. 404. Wheat straw-worm, spring genera- tion. (Much enlarged) a, b, larvae; /, female. (After Riley, United States Department of Agriculture) abdomen of true ants forms a sort of knot or tooth between the thorax and abdomen. The males and females are winged and mate in their nuptial flight, which may often be ob- served on a warm summer day, when the air will be filled with them. After this the males soon die, but the females bite off their wings and either found a new colony or are taken in by some workers. The workers, or neuters, are

. Elementary entomology. Entomology. Fig. 404. Wheat straw-worm, spring genera- tion. (Much enlarged) a, b, larvae; /, female. (After Riley, United States Department of Agriculture) abdomen of true ants forms a sort of knot or tooth between the thorax and abdomen. The males and females are winged and mate in their nuptial flight, which may often be ob- served on a warm summer day, when the air will be filled with them. After this the males soon die, but the females bite off their wings and either found a new colony or are taken in by some workers. The workers, or neuters, are wingless, undevel Stock Photo

RMRD1KBG–. Elementary entomology. Entomology. Fig. 404. Wheat straw-worm, spring genera- tion. (Much enlarged) a, b, larvae; /, female. (After Riley, United States Department of Agriculture) abdomen of true ants forms a sort of knot or tooth between the thorax and abdomen. The males and females are winged and mate in their nuptial flight, which may often be ob- served on a warm summer day, when the air will be filled with them. After this the males soon die, but the females bite off their wings and either found a new colony or are taken in by some workers. The workers, or neuters, are wingless, undevel

. Elementary entomology. Insects. FIG. 404. Wheat straw-worm, spring genera- tion. (Much enlarged) «, />, larvae; /, female. (After Riley, United States Department of Agriculture) abdomen of true ants forms a sort of knot or tooth between the thorax and abdomen. The males and females are winged and mate in their nuptial flight, which may often be ob- served on a warm summer « ^^k L WJWk J* day, when the air will be filled with them. After this the males soon die, but the females bite off their wings and either found a new colony or are taken in bv some workers. J The workers, or neuters, ar Stock Photo

RMRD0FAD–. Elementary entomology. Insects. FIG. 404. Wheat straw-worm, spring genera- tion. (Much enlarged) «, />, larvae; /, female. (After Riley, United States Department of Agriculture) abdomen of true ants forms a sort of knot or tooth between the thorax and abdomen. The males and females are winged and mate in their nuptial flight, which may often be ob- served on a warm summer « ^^k L WJWk J* day, when the air will be filled with them. After this the males soon die, but the females bite off their wings and either found a new colony or are taken in bv some workers. J The workers, or neuters, ar

. Elementary entomology. Insects. HYMENOPTERA 255. FIG. 404. Wheat straw-worm, spring genera- tion. (Much enlarged) «, />, larvae; /, female. (After Riley, United States Department of Agriculture) abdomen of true ants forms a sort of knot or tooth between the thorax and abdomen. The males and females are winged and mate in their nuptial flight, which may often be ob- served on a warm summer « ^^k L WJWk J* day, when the air will be filled with them. After this the males soon die, but the females bite off their wings and either found a new colony or are taken in bv some workers. J The worker Stock Photo

RMRD0FAF–. Elementary entomology. Insects. HYMENOPTERA 255. FIG. 404. Wheat straw-worm, spring genera- tion. (Much enlarged) «, />, larvae; /, female. (After Riley, United States Department of Agriculture) abdomen of true ants forms a sort of knot or tooth between the thorax and abdomen. The males and females are winged and mate in their nuptial flight, which may often be ob- served on a warm summer « ^^k L WJWk J* day, when the air will be filled with them. After this the males soon die, but the females bite off their wings and either found a new colony or are taken in bv some workers. J The worker

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