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Pectoral flight muscles Stock Photos and Images
Fledgling Kestrels Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/fledgling-kestrels-image348558644.htmlRF2B72630–Fledgling Kestrels
. A history of British birds, indigenous and migratory: including their organization, habits, and relation; remarks on classification and nomenclature; an account of the principal organs of birds, and observations relative to practical ornithology .. . r attack serpents, as had longbeen believed. They are generally gregarious. Both havea powerful and elevated flight, their pectoral muscles beingvery thick ; they fly with the neck and feet extended hori-zontally, and at intervals simultaneously emit low and veryhoarse cries. When they have alighted on newly uncoveredplaces, they may be seen for Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-history-of-british-birds-indigenous-and-migratory-including-their-organization-habits-and-relation-remarks-on-classification-and-nomenclature-an-account-of-the-principal-organs-of-birds-and-observations-relative-to-practical-ornithology-r-attack-serpents-as-had-longbeen-believed-they-are-generally-gregarious-both-havea-powerful-and-elevated-flight-their-pectoral-muscles-beingvery-thick-they-fly-with-the-neck-and-feet-extended-hori-zontally-and-at-intervals-simultaneously-emit-low-and-veryhoarse-cries-when-they-have-alighted-on-newly-uncoveredplaces-they-may-be-seen-for-image375233444.htmlRM2CPDA2C–. A history of British birds, indigenous and migratory: including their organization, habits, and relation; remarks on classification and nomenclature; an account of the principal organs of birds, and observations relative to practical ornithology .. . r attack serpents, as had longbeen believed. They are generally gregarious. Both havea powerful and elevated flight, their pectoral muscles beingvery thick ; they fly with the neck and feet extended hori-zontally, and at intervals simultaneously emit low and veryhoarse cries. When they have alighted on newly uncoveredplaces, they may be seen for
. Electro-physiology . FIG. 21.—a, Transverse section of Pectoralis major in Falcon ; 6, ib. Goose ; c, ib. Heu. (Knoll.) are still distinctions corresponding with dark and clear muscles, greater or less abundance of sarcoplasm. In Amphibia the clear fibres usually predominate ; the throat muscles of batracbians are, however, an exception. Knoll also found a considerable develop- ment of sarcoplasm in the jaw muscles of reptiles, and the limb muscles of Lacerta and Cistudo. In birds, on the other hand, the dark, plasmic fibres prevail, and constitute the pectoral muscles used in flight. In the Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/electro-physiology-fig-21a-transverse-section-of-pectoralis-major-in-falcon-6-ib-goose-c-ib-heu-knoll-are-still-distinctions-corresponding-with-dark-and-clear-muscles-greater-or-less-abundance-of-sarcoplasm-in-amphibia-the-clear-fibres-usually-predominate-the-throat-muscles-of-batracbians-are-however-an-exception-knoll-also-found-a-considerable-develop-ment-of-sarcoplasm-in-the-jaw-muscles-of-reptiles-and-the-limb-muscles-of-lacerta-and-cistudo-in-birds-on-the-other-hand-the-dark-plasmic-fibres-prevail-and-constitute-the-pectoral-muscles-used-in-flight-in-the-image178411590.htmlRMMA79PE–. Electro-physiology . FIG. 21.—a, Transverse section of Pectoralis major in Falcon ; 6, ib. Goose ; c, ib. Heu. (Knoll.) are still distinctions corresponding with dark and clear muscles, greater or less abundance of sarcoplasm. In Amphibia the clear fibres usually predominate ; the throat muscles of batracbians are, however, an exception. Knoll also found a considerable develop- ment of sarcoplasm in the jaw muscles of reptiles, and the limb muscles of Lacerta and Cistudo. In birds, on the other hand, the dark, plasmic fibres prevail, and constitute the pectoral muscles used in flight. In the
Fledgling Kestrels Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/fledgling-kestrels-image348558645.htmlRF2B72631–Fledgling Kestrels
. Evolution and animal life; an elementary discussion of facts, processes, laws and theories relating to the life and evolution of animals . FIG. 195.—Torpedo or electric ray,Narcine brasiliensis, showing elec-tric cells. ADAPTATIONS 335 the stinging tentacles of the Portuguese man-of-war or underordinary jellyfishes. Some fishes called the flying fishes sail through the air witha grasshopperlike motion that closely imitates true flight.The long pectoral fins, wingiike in form, cannot, however, beflapped by the fish, the muscles serving only to expand or foldthem. These fishes live in the open Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/evolution-and-animal-life-an-elementary-discussion-of-facts-processes-laws-and-theories-relating-to-the-life-and-evolution-of-animals-fig-195torpedo-or-electric-raynarcine-brasiliensis-showing-elec-tric-cells-adaptations-335-the-stinging-tentacles-of-the-portuguese-man-of-war-or-underordinary-jellyfishes-some-fishes-called-the-flying-fishes-sail-through-the-air-witha-grasshopperlike-motion-that-closely-imitates-true-flightthe-long-pectoral-fins-wingiike-in-form-cannot-however-beflapped-by-the-fish-the-muscles-serving-only-to-expand-or-foldthem-these-fishes-live-in-the-open-image369600535.htmlRM2CD8N73–. Evolution and animal life; an elementary discussion of facts, processes, laws and theories relating to the life and evolution of animals . FIG. 195.—Torpedo or electric ray,Narcine brasiliensis, showing elec-tric cells. ADAPTATIONS 335 the stinging tentacles of the Portuguese man-of-war or underordinary jellyfishes. Some fishes called the flying fishes sail through the air witha grasshopperlike motion that closely imitates true flight.The long pectoral fins, wingiike in form, cannot, however, beflapped by the fish, the muscles serving only to expand or foldthem. These fishes live in the open
. The myology of the raven (Corvus corax sinuatus.) A guide to the study of the muscular system in birds . other two pectoral muscles which arise fromthe sternal body. This muscle when contracting depresses the humeruswith great force, and consequently the wing of the bird,and so forms the chief agent of flight. In describing the pectoralis major for Ijirds in general,Sir Eichard Owen says that This muscle is very long Ohne Namen erwiilint. Schopss, p. 112.Dermoliwnieralis. Owen, p. 24. Fanniculus carnosis (second jmrtion). Eeid, p. 1.39.Muscle des jmrures. Gervais et Alix ; Alix, p. 401. ,, „ Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-myology-of-the-raven-corvus-corax-sinuatus-a-guide-to-the-study-of-the-muscular-system-in-birds-other-two-pectoral-muscles-which-arise-fromthe-sternal-body-this-muscle-when-contracting-depresses-the-humeruswith-great-force-and-consequently-the-wing-of-the-birdand-so-forms-the-chief-agent-of-flight-in-describing-the-pectoralis-major-for-ijirds-in-generalsir-eichard-owen-says-that-this-muscle-is-very-long-ohne-namen-erwiilint-schopss-p-112dermoliwnieralis-owen-p-24-fanniculus-carnosis-second-jmrtion-eeid-p-139muscle-des-jmrures-gervais-et-alix-alix-p-401-image374907005.htmlRM2CNXDKW–. The myology of the raven (Corvus corax sinuatus.) A guide to the study of the muscular system in birds . other two pectoral muscles which arise fromthe sternal body. This muscle when contracting depresses the humeruswith great force, and consequently the wing of the bird,and so forms the chief agent of flight. In describing the pectoralis major for Ijirds in general,Sir Eichard Owen says that This muscle is very long Ohne Namen erwiilint. Schopss, p. 112.Dermoliwnieralis. Owen, p. 24. Fanniculus carnosis (second jmrtion). Eeid, p. 1.39.Muscle des jmrures. Gervais et Alix ; Alix, p. 401. ,, „
. The railroad and engineering journal . FiG. IS.—PRIGENT-1871. densing steam-engine would amount to about 26 lbs.more horse power per hour, and this did not comparefavorably with the motive power of birds. The pigeon,for instance, is known, both by dynamometric experimentand computation, to develop in ordinary flight from 160to 425 foot-pounds of energy per minute for each pound ofhis weight, and as his pectoral muscles, which consti-tute his engine, generally compose {% of his weight, wehave for the weight of his motor from 33.000 X .0 ^ ^g j^^ ^^ 33.000x10 ^ ^g ^^^ 42s X 43 160 X 43 per hor Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-railroad-and-engineering-journal-fig-isprigent-1871-densing-steam-engine-would-amount-to-about-26-lbsmore-horse-power-per-hour-and-this-did-not-comparefavorably-with-the-motive-power-of-birds-the-pigeonfor-instance-is-known-both-by-dynamometric-experimentand-computation-to-develop-in-ordinary-flight-from-160to-425-foot-pounds-of-energy-per-minute-for-each-pound-ofhis-weight-and-as-his-pectoral-muscles-which-consti-tute-his-engine-generally-compose-of-his-weight-wehave-for-the-weight-of-his-motor-from-33000-x-0-g-j-33000x10-g-42s-x-43-160-x-43-per-hor-image371838800.htmlRM2CGXM54–. The railroad and engineering journal . FiG. IS.—PRIGENT-1871. densing steam-engine would amount to about 26 lbs.more horse power per hour, and this did not comparefavorably with the motive power of birds. The pigeon,for instance, is known, both by dynamometric experimentand computation, to develop in ordinary flight from 160to 425 foot-pounds of energy per minute for each pound ofhis weight, and as his pectoral muscles, which consti-tute his engine, generally compose {% of his weight, wehave for the weight of his motor from 33.000 X .0 ^ ^g j^^ ^^ 33.000x10 ^ ^g ^^^ 42s X 43 160 X 43 per hor
. The myology of the raven (Corvus corax sinuatus.) A guide to the study of the muscular system in birds . rs the other two pectoral muscles which arise fromthe sternal body. This muscle when contracting depresses the humeruswith great force, and consequently the wing of the bird,and so forms the chief agent of flight. In describing the pectoralis major for birds in general,Sir Richard Owen says that This muscle is very long Ohne Namen erwahnt. Schopss, p. 112.Dermo-humeralis. Owen, p. 24. Panniculus carnosis (second portion). Eeid, p. 139.Muscle des parures. Gervais et Alix ; Alix, p. 401. ,, Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-myology-of-the-raven-corvus-corax-sinuatus-a-guide-to-the-study-of-the-muscular-system-in-birds-rs-the-other-two-pectoral-muscles-which-arise-fromthe-sternal-body-this-muscle-when-contracting-depresses-the-humeruswith-great-force-and-consequently-the-wing-of-the-birdand-so-forms-the-chief-agent-of-flight-in-describing-the-pectoralis-major-for-birds-in-generalsir-richard-owen-says-that-this-muscle-is-very-long-ohne-namen-erwahnt-schopss-p-112dermo-humeralis-owen-p-24-panniculus-carnosis-second-portion-eeid-p-139muscle-des-parures-gervais-et-alix-alix-p-401-image374971639.htmlRM2CP1C47–. The myology of the raven (Corvus corax sinuatus.) A guide to the study of the muscular system in birds . rs the other two pectoral muscles which arise fromthe sternal body. This muscle when contracting depresses the humeruswith great force, and consequently the wing of the bird,and so forms the chief agent of flight. In describing the pectoralis major for birds in general,Sir Richard Owen says that This muscle is very long Ohne Namen erwahnt. Schopss, p. 112.Dermo-humeralis. Owen, p. 24. Panniculus carnosis (second portion). Eeid, p. 139.Muscle des parures. Gervais et Alix ; Alix, p. 401. ,,
. Animal mechanism: a treatise on terrestrial and aërial locomotion. Animal locomotion; Flight. 73 ANIMAL MECHANISM. second, these muscles should be long and slender. This is precisely what takes place ; we can be assured of this, by the. Fia. 13.—Skeleton of a flaniin2:o (after Alph. Milne-Edwards) ; the wing is very large, the sternum very short and deep, which indicates the size and the shortness of the pectoral muscles.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustratio Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/animal-mechanism-a-treatise-on-terrestrial-and-arial-locomotion-animal-locomotion-flight-73-animal-mechanism-second-these-muscles-should-be-long-and-slender-this-is-precisely-what-takes-place-we-can-be-assured-of-this-by-the-fia-13skeleton-of-a-flaniin2o-after-alph-milne-edwards-the-wing-is-very-large-the-sternum-very-short-and-deep-which-indicates-the-size-and-the-shortness-of-the-pectoral-muscles-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustratio-image236749809.htmlRMRN4TP9–. Animal mechanism: a treatise on terrestrial and aërial locomotion. Animal locomotion; Flight. 73 ANIMAL MECHANISM. second, these muscles should be long and slender. This is precisely what takes place ; we can be assured of this, by the. Fia. 13.—Skeleton of a flaniin2:o (after Alph. Milne-Edwards) ; the wing is very large, the sternum very short and deep, which indicates the size and the shortness of the pectoral muscles.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustratio
. Text-book of zoology for junior students. Zoology. AVES. 281 muscles (pectoral muscles) which move the Aviiigs. As a general rule, the size of this crest or keel gives a tolerably just estimate of the tiyiug powers of the bird to which it belongeil. The keel is, of course, mcjst largely developed in those birds which possess the power of flight in its greatest perfection ; and in certain birds which do not fl)', such as the Ostrich, there is no sternal keel at all. The pectoral arch or shoulder-girdle of birds, consists of tlie shouldei'- blades {scapula;), the clavicles or collar-bones, and Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/text-book-of-zoology-for-junior-students-zoology-aves-281-muscles-pectoral-muscles-which-move-the-aviiigs-as-a-general-rule-the-size-of-this-crest-or-keel-gives-a-tolerably-just-estimate-of-the-tiyiug-powers-of-the-bird-to-which-it-belongeil-the-keel-is-of-course-mcjst-largely-developed-in-those-birds-which-possess-the-power-of-flight-in-its-greatest-perfection-and-in-certain-birds-which-do-not-fl-such-as-the-ostrich-there-is-no-sternal-keel-at-all-the-pectoral-arch-or-shoulder-girdle-of-birds-consists-of-tlie-shouldei-blades-scapula-the-clavicles-or-collar-bones-and-image232180536.htmlRMRDMMJ0–. Text-book of zoology for junior students. Zoology. AVES. 281 muscles (pectoral muscles) which move the Aviiigs. As a general rule, the size of this crest or keel gives a tolerably just estimate of the tiyiug powers of the bird to which it belongeil. The keel is, of course, mcjst largely developed in those birds which possess the power of flight in its greatest perfection ; and in certain birds which do not fl)', such as the Ostrich, there is no sternal keel at all. The pectoral arch or shoulder-girdle of birds, consists of tlie shouldei'- blades {scapula;), the clavicles or collar-bones, and
. The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. S24 FLYING FOXES of the vertebrae tend to become ankylosed in old individuals ; the caudals have no processes, but are like those quite at the end of the series in long-tailed animals. The sternum is keeled for the better attachment of the pectoral muscles, the chief muscles of flight. The ribs, which are much flattened, are occasionally ankylosed together by their margins. There is a well-developed clavicle. In the carpus the scaphoid, lunar, and cuneiform are all fused together. In the hind-limb the fibula is rarely fully developed. The Bats are divi Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/the-cambridge-natural-history-zoology-s24-flying-foxes-of-the-vertebrae-tend-to-become-ankylosed-in-old-individuals-the-caudals-have-no-processes-but-are-like-those-quite-at-the-end-of-the-series-in-long-tailed-animals-the-sternum-is-keeled-for-the-better-attachment-of-the-pectoral-muscles-the-chief-muscles-of-flight-the-ribs-which-are-much-flattened-are-occasionally-ankylosed-together-by-their-margins-there-is-a-well-developed-clavicle-in-the-carpus-the-scaphoid-lunar-and-cuneiform-are-all-fused-together-in-the-hind-limb-the-fibula-is-rarely-fully-developed-the-bats-are-divi-image232148595.htmlRMRDK7W7–. The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. S24 FLYING FOXES of the vertebrae tend to become ankylosed in old individuals ; the caudals have no processes, but are like those quite at the end of the series in long-tailed animals. The sternum is keeled for the better attachment of the pectoral muscles, the chief muscles of flight. The ribs, which are much flattened, are occasionally ankylosed together by their margins. There is a well-developed clavicle. In the carpus the scaphoid, lunar, and cuneiform are all fused together. In the hind-limb the fibula is rarely fully developed. The Bats are divi
. A manual of zoology for the use of students : with a general introduction on the principles of zoology . Zoology. RAPTORKS. 503 The section of the Diurnal Raptores includes the two groups of the Accipitrince (Falcons, Hawks, and Eagles), and the Vul- turidce, or Vultures. The eyes in this section are much smaller than in the preceding, and are placed laterally; and the plu^ mage is not soft. As regards their power of flight, they show a decided advance upon, the Nocturnal Birds of Prey. The wings are long and pointed; the sternal keel and pectoral muscles are greatly developed; and many of t Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-for-the-use-of-students-with-a-general-introduction-on-the-principles-of-zoology-zoology-raptorks-503-the-section-of-the-diurnal-raptores-includes-the-two-groups-of-the-accipitrince-falcons-hawks-and-eagles-and-the-vul-turidce-or-vultures-the-eyes-in-this-section-are-much-smaller-than-in-the-preceding-and-are-placed-laterally-and-the-plu-mage-is-not-soft-as-regards-their-power-of-flight-they-show-a-decided-advance-upon-the-nocturnal-birds-of-prey-the-wings-are-long-and-pointed-the-sternal-keel-and-pectoral-muscles-are-greatly-developed-and-many-of-t-image232158070.htmlRMRDKKYJ–. A manual of zoology for the use of students : with a general introduction on the principles of zoology . Zoology. RAPTORKS. 503 The section of the Diurnal Raptores includes the two groups of the Accipitrince (Falcons, Hawks, and Eagles), and the Vul- turidce, or Vultures. The eyes in this section are much smaller than in the preceding, and are placed laterally; and the plu^ mage is not soft. As regards their power of flight, they show a decided advance upon, the Nocturnal Birds of Prey. The wings are long and pointed; the sternal keel and pectoral muscles are greatly developed; and many of t
. Animal mechanism: a treatise on terrestrial and aërial locomotion. Animal locomotion; Flight. ORGAN AND FUNCTION. 73 simple inspection of the sternum in different species; for this bone measures, in some degree, the length of the pectoral muscles which are lodged in its lateral cavities. Thus, birds with long wings, have a wide and short sternum ; the others have one which is long and slender.. Fig. 14. —Skeleton of a penguin : sternum very long-, wing very short. The comparison of homologous muscles in mammals of different kinds is not less instructive under the aspect in which we are now c Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/animal-mechanism-a-treatise-on-terrestrial-and-arial-locomotion-animal-locomotion-flight-organ-and-function-73-simple-inspection-of-the-sternum-in-different-species-for-this-bone-measures-in-some-degree-the-length-of-the-pectoral-muscles-which-are-lodged-in-its-lateral-cavities-thus-birds-with-long-wings-have-a-wide-and-short-sternum-the-others-have-one-which-is-long-and-slender-fig-14-skeleton-of-a-penguin-sternum-very-long-wing-very-short-the-comparison-of-homologous-muscles-in-mammals-of-different-kinds-is-not-less-instructive-under-the-aspect-in-which-we-are-now-c-image236749798.htmlRMRN4TNX–. Animal mechanism: a treatise on terrestrial and aërial locomotion. Animal locomotion; Flight. ORGAN AND FUNCTION. 73 simple inspection of the sternum in different species; for this bone measures, in some degree, the length of the pectoral muscles which are lodged in its lateral cavities. Thus, birds with long wings, have a wide and short sternum ; the others have one which is long and slender.. Fig. 14. —Skeleton of a penguin : sternum very long-, wing very short. The comparison of homologous muscles in mammals of different kinds is not less instructive under the aspect in which we are now c
. A manual of zoology for the use of students : with a general introduction on the principles of zoology . Zoology. CHARACTERS OF AVES. 459 powers of flight extends over the abdominal cavity as well, in some cases even reaching the pelvis. The sternum of all birds which fly, is characterised by. the presence of a greatly- developed, median ridge or keel (fig. i8o, A), to which are at- tached the great pectoral muscles which move the wings. As a general rule, the size of this sternal crest allows a very tolerable estimate tp be formed of the flying powers of the bird to which it may ha^e belong Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-manual-of-zoology-for-the-use-of-students-with-a-general-introduction-on-the-principles-of-zoology-zoology-characters-of-aves-459-powers-of-flight-extends-over-the-abdominal-cavity-as-well-in-some-cases-even-reaching-the-pelvis-the-sternum-of-all-birds-which-fly-is-characterised-by-the-presence-of-a-greatly-developed-median-ridge-or-keel-fig-i8o-a-to-which-are-at-tached-the-great-pectoral-muscles-which-move-the-wings-as-a-general-rule-the-size-of-this-sternal-crest-allows-a-very-tolerable-estimate-tp-be-formed-of-the-flying-powers-of-the-bird-to-which-it-may-hae-belong-image232158172.htmlRMRDKM38–. A manual of zoology for the use of students : with a general introduction on the principles of zoology . Zoology. CHARACTERS OF AVES. 459 powers of flight extends over the abdominal cavity as well, in some cases even reaching the pelvis. The sternum of all birds which fly, is characterised by. the presence of a greatly- developed, median ridge or keel (fig. i8o, A), to which are at- tached the great pectoral muscles which move the wings. As a general rule, the size of this sternal crest allows a very tolerable estimate tp be formed of the flying powers of the bird to which it may ha^e belong
. Animal mechanism: a treatise on terrestrial and aërial locomotion. Animal locomotion; Flight. 230 ANIMAL MECHANISM. the pectoral muscles, a small instrument is slipped, which is intended to show the dilatation of the muscles, and is constructed in the following manner : A little metal pan (fig. 93), containing within it a spiral spring, is closed by a membrane of india-rubber. This closed pan communicates with a tube transmitting air.. Fig. 94.—Experiment to determine by the electrical and myographical methods, at the same time, the frequency of the movements of the wing and the relative dur Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/animal-mechanism-a-treatise-on-terrestrial-and-arial-locomotion-animal-locomotion-flight-230-animal-mechanism-the-pectoral-muscles-a-small-instrument-is-slipped-which-is-intended-to-show-the-dilatation-of-the-muscles-and-is-constructed-in-the-following-manner-a-little-metal-pan-fig-93-containing-within-it-a-spiral-spring-is-closed-by-a-membrane-of-india-rubber-this-closed-pan-communicates-with-a-tube-transmitting-air-fig-94experiment-to-determine-by-the-electrical-and-myographical-methods-at-the-same-time-the-frequency-of-the-movements-of-the-wing-and-the-relative-dur-image236754808.htmlRMRN534T–. Animal mechanism: a treatise on terrestrial and aërial locomotion. Animal locomotion; Flight. 230 ANIMAL MECHANISM. the pectoral muscles, a small instrument is slipped, which is intended to show the dilatation of the muscles, and is constructed in the following manner : A little metal pan (fig. 93), containing within it a spiral spring, is closed by a membrane of india-rubber. This closed pan communicates with a tube transmitting air.. Fig. 94.—Experiment to determine by the electrical and myographical methods, at the same time, the frequency of the movements of the wing and the relative dur
![. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. PHENOMENA OF FLIGHT IN TTJV AxiTArAr uiii IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 255. nuiii verj shorl^ ^^ '"°^' ''^^^^ the ster- ol , A-"I'-'^'^^'-'u lu Lue extent of that surface; other tliiugs 1 eiifi the same, a greaterexertron Is re" quired to move a hir-e win ' than one of less superficial elctent that the difierence in the form of the pectoral muscles iu differ^ eut birds accords with the diflbr- euces presented in the manner m ^hich t Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RM5G9P/annual-report-of-the-board-of-regents-of-the-smithsonian-institution-smithsonian-institution-smithsonian-institution-archives-discoveries-in-science-phenomena-of-flight-in-ttjv-axitarar-uiii-in-the-animal-kingdom-255-nuiii-verj-shorl-quot-the-ster-ol-a-quoti-u-lu-lue-extent-of-that-surface-other-tliiugs-1-eiifi-the-same-a-greaterexertron-is-requot-quired-to-move-a-hir-e-win-than-one-of-less-superficial-elctent-that-the-difierence-in-the-form-of-the-pectoral-muscles-iu-differ-eut-birds-accords-with-the-diflbr-euces-presented-in-the-manner-m-hich-t-RM5G9P.jpg ". Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. PHENOMENA OF FLIGHT IN TTJV AxiTArAr uiii IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 255. nuiii verj shorl^ ^^ '"°^' ''^^^^ the ster- ol , A-"I'-'^'^^'-'u lu Lue extent of that surface; other tliiugs 1 eiifi the same, a greaterexertron Is re" quired to move a hir-e win ' than one of less superficial elctent that the difierence in the form of the pectoral muscles iu differ^ eut birds accords with the diflbr- euces presented in the manner m ^hich t Stock Photo")
. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. PHENOMENA OF FLIGHT IN TTJV AxiTArAr uiii IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 255. nuiii verj shorl^ ^^ '"°^' ''^^^^ the ster- ol , A-"I'-'^'^^'-'u lu Lue extent of that surface; other tliiugs 1 eiifi the same, a greaterexertron Is re" quired to move a hir-e win ' than one of less superficial elctent that the difierence in the form of the pectoral muscles iu differ^ eut birds accords with the diflbr- euces presented in the manner m ^hich t Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/annual-report-of-the-board-of-regents-of-the-smithsonian-institution-smithsonian-institution-smithsonian-institution-archives-discoveries-in-science-phenomena-of-flight-in-ttjv-axitarar-uiii-in-the-animal-kingdom-255-nuiii-verj-shorl-quot-the-ster-ol-a-quoti-u-lu-lue-extent-of-that-surface-other-tliiugs-1-eiifi-the-same-a-greaterexertron-is-requot-quired-to-move-a-hir-e-win-than-one-of-less-superficial-elctent-that-the-difierence-in-the-form-of-the-pectoral-muscles-iu-differ-eut-birds-accords-with-the-diflbr-euces-presented-in-the-manner-m-hich-t-image236150482.htmlRMRM5G9P–. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. PHENOMENA OF FLIGHT IN TTJV AxiTArAr uiii IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 255. nuiii verj shorl^ ^^ '"°^' ''^^^^ the ster- ol , A-"I'-'^'^^'-'u lu Lue extent of that surface; other tliiugs 1 eiifi the same, a greaterexertron Is re" quired to move a hir-e win ' than one of less superficial elctent that the difierence in the form of the pectoral muscles iu differ^ eut birds accords with the diflbr- euces presented in the manner m ^hich t
. Elements of human physiology. Physiology. Transverse sections of the pectoral muscles of a, the falcon, b, the goose, and c, the domestic fowl. It will be noticed that the relative amount of granular or red fibres present varies directly as the bird's power of sustained flight. (After Knoll.) sarcostyle is divided by Krause's membranes (the lines in the middle of each light stripe) into sarcomeres. Each sarcomere contains a darker substance near tlie centre divided into two parts by Hensen's disc. At each end of the sarcomere the contents are clear and hyaline. In the act of contraction, the Stock Photohttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/elements-of-human-physiology-physiology-transverse-sections-of-the-pectoral-muscles-of-a-the-falcon-b-the-goose-and-c-the-domestic-fowl-it-will-be-noticed-that-the-relative-amount-of-granular-or-red-fibres-present-varies-directly-as-the-birds-power-of-sustained-flight-after-knoll-sarcostyle-is-divided-by-krauses-membranes-the-lines-in-the-middle-of-each-light-stripe-into-sarcomeres-each-sarcomere-contains-a-darker-substance-near-tlie-centre-divided-into-two-parts-by-hensens-disc-at-each-end-of-the-sarcomere-the-contents-are-clear-and-hyaline-in-the-act-of-contraction-the-image231492048.htmlRMRCHAD4–. Elements of human physiology. Physiology. Transverse sections of the pectoral muscles of a, the falcon, b, the goose, and c, the domestic fowl. It will be noticed that the relative amount of granular or red fibres present varies directly as the bird's power of sustained flight. (After Knoll.) sarcostyle is divided by Krause's membranes (the lines in the middle of each light stripe) into sarcomeres. Each sarcomere contains a darker substance near tlie centre divided into two parts by Hensen's disc. At each end of the sarcomere the contents are clear and hyaline. In the act of contraction, the
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