Root tip Black and White Stock Photos & Images

RMHRF886–Spinach Root Tip Cell

RMPC3J6R–528 Root Tip Anatomy

RMHKD98K–Root Tip Anatomy

Plant organs: 1) main root, 2) secondary roots, 3) root tip and root cap, 4) rhizome or rhizome, 5) cotyledons, 6) dissected bud of horse chestnut with all transitions of the leaf to the formation of the leaf blade, 7 af) stamens and anthers, 8) freiblätterige corolla, 9 ac) pinnate leaves, 10) transformation of the petal into a stamen in the water lily, 11 ac) fused-leaved flower crown, 12) unterstandy ovary of fuchsia with punch in the middle and stamens, 13 ae) various pollen grains, 14 ) Honeysuckle of the vine, 15) single - flowered oak, 16) various forms of fruit, a) pod of a finial, b) Stock Photo

RMPYEGFN–Plant organs: 1) main root, 2) secondary roots, 3) root tip and root cap, 4) rhizome or rhizome, 5) cotyledons, 6) dissected bud of horse chestnut with all transitions of the leaf to the formation of the leaf blade, 7 af) stamens and anthers, 8) freiblätterige corolla, 9 ac) pinnate leaves, 10) transformation of the petal into a stamen in the water lily, 11 ac) fused-leaved flower crown, 12) unterstandy ovary of fuchsia with punch in the middle and stamens, 13 ae) various pollen grains, 14 ) Honeysuckle of the vine, 15) single - flowered oak, 16) various forms of fruit, a) pod of a finial, b)

Woodpecker Tongue which is showing root of tongue extending to tip of bill, vintage line drawing or engraving illustration. Stock Vector

RF2B74JYG–Woodpecker Tongue which is showing root of tongue extending to tip of bill, vintage line drawing or engraving illustration.

. The nursery-book; a complete guide to the multiplication of plants . nt cane is sev-ered in the fall or spring, some 4 or 6 inches above theground, and an independent plant, known as a root-tip, as shown in Fig. 28, is ob-tained. In this instance,as in most others, it is im-material at what point theparent stem is severed, ex-cept that a short portion ofit serves as a handle in^ carrying the plant, and alsomarks the position of theplant when it is set. Theblack raspberry propagatesitself naturally by means ofthese layers, and it is only necessary, in most cases, to bringthe soil into a mello Stock Photo

RM2CGGP7N–. The nursery-book; a complete guide to the multiplication of plants . nt cane is sev-ered in the fall or spring, some 4 or 6 inches above theground, and an independent plant, known as a root-tip, as shown in Fig. 28, is ob-tained. In this instance,as in most others, it is im-material at what point theparent stem is severed, ex-cept that a short portion ofit serves as a handle in^ carrying the plant, and alsomarks the position of theplant when it is set. Theblack raspberry propagatesitself naturally by means ofthese layers, and it is only necessary, in most cases, to bringthe soil into a mello

The napiform roots are spherical in shape at the upper part and are sharply tapering towards the tip of the root, vintage line drawing or engraving il Stock Vector

RFT5R8F7–The napiform roots are spherical in shape at the upper part and are sharply tapering towards the tip of the root, vintage line drawing or engraving il

RMDX89Y3–¨Plants on rocky wall

Healthier hair from root to tip. Adorable girl with long hairstyle. Pretty girl with natural wavy hairstyle. Young woman with healthy hair. Hair care Stock Photo

RFT4T6KF–Healthier hair from root to tip. Adorable girl with long hairstyle. Pretty girl with natural wavy hairstyle. Young woman with healthy hair. Hair care

Healthier hair from root to tip. Happy child hold long hair. Cute small kid wear warm hat on head. Hair and beauty salon. Winter haircare. Protect your ears and hair from cold. Stock Photo

RF2ANXDYG–Healthier hair from root to tip. Happy child hold long hair. Cute small kid wear warm hat on head. Hair and beauty salon. Winter haircare. Protect your ears and hair from cold.

RFD1D9YR–Human Tooth structure

Because we obsess about hair. Happy girls hold long hair. Hair salon. Beauty look of small children. Haircare and hairstyling. Summer holidays. Healthy hair from root to tip. Stock Photo

RF2DJ69N0–Because we obsess about hair. Happy girls hold long hair. Hair salon. Beauty look of small children. Haircare and hairstyling. Summer holidays. Healthy hair from root to tip.

TRADE NEWS PUBLISHING cYC AGENTS TOPSIDE We D. L .HOLDEN 17 JEWELED NATIONAL SPECIAL What Do You Want To Buy? We can tell you where to buy anything you want. Write us for the addresses of manufacturers in ANY line of business. Novelties Special Tools Machinery Equipments New Patent LABOR SAVING DEVICES. Braddock Hydraulic and Steam Packing Co. ARTESIAN Perfection Air Mattresses The Search for Work Education International Correspondence Schools ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TAUGHT BY MAIL. CAN I BECOME AN ELEC TRICAL ENGINEER?' LEARN TO WRITE ADVERTISEMENTS THE NEW BRISTOL COUNTER C. J. ROOT Bristol Stock Photo

RM2ABXMNR–TRADE NEWS PUBLISHING cYC AGENTS TOPSIDE We D. L .HOLDEN 17 JEWELED NATIONAL SPECIAL What Do You Want To Buy? We can tell you where to buy anything you want. Write us for the addresses of manufacturers in ANY line of business. Novelties Special Tools Machinery Equipments New Patent LABOR SAVING DEVICES. Braddock Hydraulic and Steam Packing Co. ARTESIAN Perfection Air Mattresses The Search for Work Education International Correspondence Schools ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TAUGHT BY MAIL. CAN I BECOME AN ELEC TRICAL ENGINEER?' LEARN TO WRITE ADVERTISEMENTS THE NEW BRISTOL COUNTER C. J. ROOT Bristol

Healthier hair from root to tip. Cute small children with plaited hair holding blackboard on yellow background. Happy little girls with long hair braids and chalkboard. Braiding hair for school. Stock Photo

RF2AEDY2B–Healthier hair from root to tip. Cute small children with plaited hair holding blackboard on yellow background. Happy little girls with long hair braids and chalkboard. Braiding hair for school.

Healthier hair from root to tip. Adorable little girls with flying hair sitting on desk. Cute small children with long hair ponytails wearing school uniform. Luxurious hair extensions. Stock Photo

RF2A5WEAM–Healthier hair from root to tip. Adorable little girls with flying hair sitting on desk. Cute small children with long hair ponytails wearing school uniform. Luxurious hair extensions.

Long and healthy from root to tip. Happy small girl hold long ponytails on green grass. Adorable little child smile with long blond hair tails. Grow your hair really long. Haircare and treatment. Stock Photo

RF2AC7W33–Long and healthy from root to tip. Happy small girl hold long ponytails on green grass. Adorable little child smile with long blond hair tails. Grow your hair really long. Haircare and treatment.

RMHRF87B–Hyacinth Root Tip Cells

RMP92A2Y–438 NSRW Root-Tip

RMHX6PAG–Root Tip Anatomy

small child ready for winter. kid fashion. Warm knitting tips. happy girl in earflap hat. holiday activity outdoor. seasonal health care. carefree childhood happiness. Healthier hair from root to tip. Stock Photo

RF2DAX7RY–small child ready for winter. kid fashion. Warm knitting tips. happy girl in earflap hat. holiday activity outdoor. seasonal health care. carefree childhood happiness. Healthier hair from root to tip.

. Morphology of angiosperms (Morphology of spermatophytes. Part II). Angiosperms; Plant morphology. 198 MORPHOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS bryo. In the octant stage the dermatogen begins to be differ- entiated, the perielinal divisions appearing first in the terminal octants and proceeding toward the root end of the embryo. The differentiation, however, is almost simultaneous, so that the dermatogen is soon completed except that of the root-tip, which is derived from the adjacent cell of the suspensor, and appears comparatively late. The periblem and plerome are differen- tiated early from the tissue w Stock Photo

RMRDYHME–. Morphology of angiosperms (Morphology of spermatophytes. Part II). Angiosperms; Plant morphology. 198 MORPHOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS bryo. In the octant stage the dermatogen begins to be differ- entiated, the perielinal divisions appearing first in the terminal octants and proceeding toward the root end of the embryo. The differentiation, however, is almost simultaneous, so that the dermatogen is soon completed except that of the root-tip, which is derived from the adjacent cell of the suspensor, and appears comparatively late. The periblem and plerome are differen- tiated early from the tissue w

RMHRF8EC–Corn Root Tip Cell, TEM

. root tip anatomy, Medianer Längsschnitt durch Wurzelspitze von Hordeum vulgare; 1 Meristem, 2 Wurzelhaube/Kalyptra, 3 Rhizodermis, 4 Dermatogen, 5 Periblem, 6 Plerom . scanned 13 June 2006. de:Benutzer:Griensteidl 529 Root Tip Anatomy Stock Photo

RMMWPH28–. root tip anatomy, Medianer Längsschnitt durch Wurzelspitze von Hordeum vulgare; 1 Meristem, 2 Wurzelhaube/Kalyptra, 3 Rhizodermis, 4 Dermatogen, 5 Periblem, 6 Plerom . scanned 13 June 2006. de:Benutzer:Griensteidl 529 Root Tip Anatomy

. Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. CONIFERALES (TAXACEAE) 349 drical mass of meristematic cells, and this cylinder invades the endo- sperm, its basal cells contributing to the suspensor. Later, growing points are organized, the root tip being deep in the cylinder, and the two concave cotyledons completely surrounding the stem tip. The peculiarity of the embryo-formation in Cephalotaxus (25, 124, 130) has been m.entioned, in which the terminal cells of the proembryo form a persistent cap for the embryo during its advance through the endosperm. That this same feature app Stock Photo

RMPG2JF5–. Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. CONIFERALES (TAXACEAE) 349 drical mass of meristematic cells, and this cylinder invades the endo- sperm, its basal cells contributing to the suspensor. Later, growing points are organized, the root tip being deep in the cylinder, and the two concave cotyledons completely surrounding the stem tip. The peculiarity of the embryo-formation in Cephalotaxus (25, 124, 130) has been m.entioned, in which the terminal cells of the proembryo form a persistent cap for the embryo during its advance through the endosperm. That this same feature app

. The plant cell, its modifications and vital processes; a manual for students. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy; Plant cells and tissues. Fig. 82.—Early and Late Spikeme Stages (from a photomicrograph, Hyacinthiia root-tip).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Haig, Harold Axel. London, C. Griffin and Company, Ltd. Stock Photo

RMRDYCDN–. The plant cell, its modifications and vital processes; a manual for students. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy; Plant cells and tissues. Fig. 82.—Early and Late Spikeme Stages (from a photomicrograph, Hyacinthiia root-tip).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Haig, Harold Axel. London, C. Griffin and Company, Ltd.

RMHRF887–Corn Root Tip Cell, TEM

RMMTX86C–. root tip anatomy, Medianer Längsschnitt durch Wurzelspitze von Hordeum vulgare; 1 Meristem, 2 Wurzelhaube/Kalyptra, 3 Rhizodermis, 4 Dermatogen, 5 Periblem, 6 Plerom . scanned 13 June 2006. de:Benutzer:Griensteidl 528 Root Tip Anatomy

. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. SrÂ£I;.MAT(jl-llVTES ; ANGKjSrEEMS 369 244:. The embryo.âWhen the oospore germinates, a more or less distinct siispensor is usually formed, but never so prominent as in Gymnosperms; and at the end of the sxis- fiensor the embryo is developed, which, when completed, is more or less surrou.nded by nourishing endosperm, or has stored up within itself an abundant food supply. The two groups of Angiosperms differ widely in tlie structure of the embryo. In Monocotyledons the axis of the embryo develops the root-tip at one end and the " seed- leaf&q Stock Photo

RMPG2YER–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. SrÂ£I;.MAT(jl-llVTES ; ANGKjSrEEMS 369 244:. The embryo.âWhen the oospore germinates, a more or less distinct siispensor is usually formed, but never so prominent as in Gymnosperms; and at the end of the sxis- fiensor the embryo is developed, which, when completed, is more or less surrou.nded by nourishing endosperm, or has stored up within itself an abundant food supply. The two groups of Angiosperms differ widely in tlie structure of the embryo. In Monocotyledons the axis of the embryo develops the root-tip at one end and the " seed- leaf&q

. Morphology of angiosperms (Morphology of spermatophytes. Part II). Angiosperms; Plant morphology. 200 .MORPHOLOGY OP ANGIOSPERMS gest as wide a range of variation as among Monocotyledons, though not so clearly related to great groups. In Geranium, as has long been known, while the Capsella type is maintained in general, there is no hypophysis, the root- tip being covered by the tissue of a massive suspensor. In Pcperomia pellucida Campbell''" and Johnson1'- have both observed that the first segmentation of the fertilized egg is vertical, followed by a transverse division, and that there Stock Photo

RMRDYHM8–. Morphology of angiosperms (Morphology of spermatophytes. Part II). Angiosperms; Plant morphology. 200 .MORPHOLOGY OP ANGIOSPERMS gest as wide a range of variation as among Monocotyledons, though not so clearly related to great groups. In Geranium, as has long been known, while the Capsella type is maintained in general, there is no hypophysis, the root- tip being covered by the tissue of a massive suspensor. In Pcperomia pellucida Campbell''" and Johnson1'- have both observed that the first segmentation of the fertilized egg is vertical, followed by a transverse division, and that there

Onion Root Tip Cell, Freeze Fracture TEM Stock Photo

RMHRH431–Onion Root Tip Cell, Freeze Fracture TEM

RMMYR64T–. root tip anatomy, Medianer Längsschnitt durch Wurzelspitze von Hordeum vulgare; 1 Meristem, 2 Wurzelhaube/Kalyptra, 3 Rhizodermis, 4 Dermatogen, 5 Periblem, 6 Plerom . scanned 13 June 2006. de:Benutzer:Griensteidl 461 Root Tip Anatomy

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. CELLULAR ANATOMY OF THE ROOT TIP 145. regions of the root increase in diameter, but almost all elongation takes place in the growth zone, as shown in Figure 129. The meristematic zone is thus so situated that the new cells formed by it may be added both to the root cap, the thickness of which is thereby maintained in spite of its being rapidly worn awaj^ on its outer surface, and to the growth zone, the older portions of which are constantly taking on the fea- tures of the absorptive zone just behind. The growth zone merges imperceptibly into the ab Stock Photo

RMPG42YF–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. CELLULAR ANATOMY OF THE ROOT TIP 145. regions of the root increase in diameter, but almost all elongation takes place in the growth zone, as shown in Figure 129. The meristematic zone is thus so situated that the new cells formed by it may be added both to the root cap, the thickness of which is thereby maintained in spite of its being rapidly worn awaj^ on its outer surface, and to the growth zone, the older portions of which are constantly taking on the fea- tures of the absorptive zone just behind. The growth zone merges imperceptibly into the ab

. Plant physiology. Plant physiology. INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL CONDITIONS ON^ GROWTH 271 that object were still present as when the wound was made. This first response is so slight that it is to be demonstrated only by very precise observation. From forty-five to one hundred thirty-five minutes after the occurrence of the wounding the second response begins, a bending in the lower portion of the growing region. This second bending of the root is in the direction opposite to that of the first, thus moving the root-tip as if to withdraw it from the wounding object. The second bending is more pronou Stock Photo

RMRDYFHW–. Plant physiology. Plant physiology. INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL CONDITIONS ON^ GROWTH 271 that object were still present as when the wound was made. This first response is so slight that it is to be demonstrated only by very precise observation. From forty-five to one hundred thirty-five minutes after the occurrence of the wounding the second response begins, a bending in the lower portion of the growing region. This second bending of the root is in the direction opposite to that of the first, thus moving the root-tip as if to withdraw it from the wounding object. The second bending is more pronou

Bacteria on Sorghum Root Tip Stock Photo

RMHRF8RD–Bacteria on Sorghum Root Tip

. The nursery-book : a complete guide to the multiplication of plants . Plant propagation. 36 LAYERACE.. is formed for next year's growth. The parent cane is sev- ered in the fall or spring, some 4 or 6 inches above the ground, and an independent plant, known as a "root-tip," as shown in Fig. 28, is ob- tained. In this instance, as in most others, it is im- material at what point the parent stem is severed, ex- cept that a short portion of it serves as a handle in carrying the plant, and also marks the position of the plant when it is set. The black raspberry propagates itself natura Stock Photo

RMPG262P–. The nursery-book : a complete guide to the multiplication of plants . Plant propagation. 36 LAYERACE.. is formed for next year's growth. The parent cane is sev- ered in the fall or spring, some 4 or 6 inches above the ground, and an independent plant, known as a "root-tip," as shown in Fig. 28, is ob- tained. In this instance, as in most others, it is im- material at what point the parent stem is severed, ex- cept that a short portion of it serves as a handle in carrying the plant, and also marks the position of the plant when it is set. The black raspberry propagates itself natura

RMRDH60T–. Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. CONIFERALES (TAXACEAE) 349 drical mass of meristematic cells, and this cylinder invades the endo- sperm, its basal cells contributing to the suspensor. Later, growing points are organized, the root tip being deep in the cylinder, and the two concave cotyledons completely surrounding the stem tip. The peculiarity of the embryo-formation in Cephalotaxus (25, 124, 130) has been m.entioned, in which the terminal cells of the proembryo form a persistent cap for the embryo during its advance through the endosperm. That this same feature app

RMHRF5W6–Onion Root Cell

. The nursery-book : a complete guide to the multiplication of plants . Plant propagation. is formed for next year's growth. The parent cane is sev- ered in the fall or spring, some 4 or 6 inches above the ground, and an independent plant, known as a "root-tip," as shown in Fig. 28, is ob- tained. In this instance, as in most others, it is im- material at what point the parent stem is severed, ex- cept that a short portion of it serves as a handle in carrying the plant, and also marks the position of the plant when it is set. The black raspberry propagates itself naturally by means o Stock Photo

RMPG2627–. The nursery-book : a complete guide to the multiplication of plants . Plant propagation. is formed for next year's growth. The parent cane is sev- ered in the fall or spring, some 4 or 6 inches above the ground, and an independent plant, known as a "root-tip," as shown in Fig. 28, is ob- tained. In this instance, as in most others, it is im- material at what point the parent stem is severed, ex- cept that a short portion of it serves as a handle in carrying the plant, and also marks the position of the plant when it is set. The black raspberry propagates itself naturally by means o

. College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants. Botany. of leaves and steins, but the epidermal cells of the older roots are cutinized to a greater or less degree. Growth.—The most active cell growth and cell division is at the tip of the root just within or back of the root-cap. Back of this point for a distance of 2 tO' 4 mm. the cell divisions are less rapid, but the cell elongations are very pronounced. It is the zone of rapid elongation (Fig. 47). The growth of the root tip is accompanied by the addition of cells to the inner surface of the root-cap, thus compeoisating fo Stock Photo

RMRE1P35–. College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants. Botany. of leaves and steins, but the epidermal cells of the older roots are cutinized to a greater or less degree. Growth.—The most active cell growth and cell division is at the tip of the root just within or back of the root-cap. Back of this point for a distance of 2 tO' 4 mm. the cell divisions are less rapid, but the cell elongations are very pronounced. It is the zone of rapid elongation (Fig. 47). The growth of the root tip is accompanied by the addition of cells to the inner surface of the root-cap, thus compeoisating fo

RMHRF6NM–Willow Root Branch

. The nursery-book; a complete guide to the multiplication of plants ... Gardening; Plant propagation. 36 LAYERAGE. is formed for next year's growth. The parent cane is sev- ered in the fall or spring, some 4 or 6 inches above the ground, and an independent plant, known as a "root-tip," as shown in Fig. 28, is ob- tained. In this instance, as in most others, it is im- material at what point the parent stem is severed, ex- cept that a short portion of it serves as a handle in â '^ carrying the plant, and also marks the position of the plant when it is set. The. 2S. Raspberry tip Stock Photo

RMPG268P–. The nursery-book; a complete guide to the multiplication of plants ... Gardening; Plant propagation. 36 LAYERAGE. is formed for next year's growth. The parent cane is sev- ered in the fall or spring, some 4 or 6 inches above the ground, and an independent plant, known as a "root-tip," as shown in Fig. 28, is ob- tained. In this instance, as in most others, it is im- material at what point the parent stem is severed, ex- cept that a short portion of it serves as a handle in â '^ carrying the plant, and also marks the position of the plant when it is set. The. 2S. Raspberry tip

. College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants. Botany. ROOTS 67. of leaves and steins, but the epidermal cells of the older roots are cutinized to a greater or less degree. Growth.—The most active cell growth and cell division is at the tip of the root just within or back of the root-cap. Back of this point for a distance of 2 tO' 4 mm. the cell divisions are less rapid, but the cell elongations are very pronounced. It is the zone of rapid elongation (Fig. 47). The growth of the root tip is accompanied by the addition of cells to the inner surface of the root-cap, thus compeo Stock Photo

RMRE1P38–. College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants. Botany. ROOTS 67. of leaves and steins, but the epidermal cells of the older roots are cutinized to a greater or less degree. Growth.—The most active cell growth and cell division is at the tip of the root just within or back of the root-cap. Back of this point for a distance of 2 tO' 4 mm. the cell divisions are less rapid, but the cell elongations are very pronounced. It is the zone of rapid elongation (Fig. 47). The growth of the root tip is accompanied by the addition of cells to the inner surface of the root-cap, thus compeo

RMHRF6NP–Willow Root Branch

. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. GERMINATION OP SEEDS 91 To the inward sloping surface is pinned a seedling whose root has well started. The photograph (Fig. 84) shows that the root, con- tinuing to grow, has turned from the ver- tical direction under the stimulus of the moisture in the bibu- lous paper, and is pursuing a general di- rection that is a re- sultant between the two stimuli. A more detailed observation of such an experi- ment shows that the root - tip sometimes turns toward and sometimes away from the moist paper. 54. Escape of the cotyledons and the pliunule Stock Photo

RMPFYF0M–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. GERMINATION OP SEEDS 91 To the inward sloping surface is pinned a seedling whose root has well started. The photograph (Fig. 84) shows that the root, con- tinuing to grow, has turned from the ver- tical direction under the stimulus of the moisture in the bibu- lous paper, and is pursuing a general di- rection that is a re- sultant between the two stimuli. A more detailed observation of such an experi- ment shows that the root - tip sometimes turns toward and sometimes away from the moist paper. 54. Escape of the cotyledons and the pliunule

. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. THE BOOTS OF PLANTS. 163 of the root-cap originate by the successive divisions of the dermatogen cells by partitions parallel to the curved surface of the root-tip. As the dermatogen is continuous with the epidermis, we may regard the root-cap as morphologically a greatly thickened and somewhat modified epidermis.. Fig. 139.—Mode of formation of the lateral roots in a mother-root of Trapa natans. A EL portionof the pericambium tt, bounded externally by the innermost layer of cor- tical cells, r; d, dermatogen ; n, the inner layer of the pericambi Stock Photo

RMRDWAC4–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. THE BOOTS OF PLANTS. 163 of the root-cap originate by the successive divisions of the dermatogen cells by partitions parallel to the curved surface of the root-tip. As the dermatogen is continuous with the epidermis, we may regard the root-cap as morphologically a greatly thickened and somewhat modified epidermis.. Fig. 139.—Mode of formation of the lateral roots in a mother-root of Trapa natans. A EL portionof the pericambium tt, bounded externally by the innermost layer of cor- tical cells, r; d, dermatogen ; n, the inner layer of the pericambi

RMHRJBPE–Willow Root Branch

. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 16.—Ectotrophic mycorhizas. At left hyphal mantle on root of hickory Carya ovata in cross section; at right root tip of an oak, Quercus, with fungous mantle. (From Gager. after W. B. McDougall.) forms in the different groups of fungi and are produced as special cells in a purely vegetative manner. They represent a special part of the thallus given over to reproduction. Upon the formation of these spores, which may germinate at once or live for some time as resting spores, the rapid Stock Photo

RMPG45AF–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 16.—Ectotrophic mycorhizas. At left hyphal mantle on root of hickory Carya ovata in cross section; at right root tip of an oak, Quercus, with fungous mantle. (From Gager. after W. B. McDougall.) forms in the different groups of fungi and are produced as special cells in a purely vegetative manner. They represent a special part of the thallus given over to reproduction. Upon the formation of these spores, which may germinate at once or live for some time as resting spores, the rapid

. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. THE BOOTS OF PLANTS. 163 â¢of the root-cap originate by the successive divisions of the â dermatogen cells by partitions parallel to the curved surface of the root-tip. As the dermatogen is continuous with the -epidermis, we may regard the root-cap as morphologically ^ greatly thickened and somewhat modified epidermis.. Fig. 139.âMode of formation of the lateral roots in a mother-root of Trapa natans. ^, a portionof the pericamblum tt, bounded exrernaily by the innermost layer of cor- tical ceUa, r; d, dermatogen ; n, the inner layer of the peric Stock Photo

RMRDTW71–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. THE BOOTS OF PLANTS. 163 â¢of the root-cap originate by the successive divisions of the â dermatogen cells by partitions parallel to the curved surface of the root-tip. As the dermatogen is continuous with the -epidermis, we may regard the root-cap as morphologically ^ greatly thickened and somewhat modified epidermis.. Fig. 139.âMode of formation of the lateral roots in a mother-root of Trapa natans. ^, a portionof the pericamblum tt, bounded exrernaily by the innermost layer of cor- tical ceUa, r; d, dermatogen ; n, the inner layer of the peric

RMHRF6ND–Willow Root Branch

. Heredity and evolution in plants. Heredity; Plants. THE EVOLUTION OF PLANTS (187s) lield the opposite opinion. Hill and de Fraine (1908-1910) are among the recent protagonists for the hypothesis that dicotyledons are the more primitive. One of the most recent studies is that by Bucholz^ who ex-. J G Fig. 104.—Development of stem tip and cotyledons in Pinus Bank- siana. Dotted line represents plerome of root-tip; shaded area, meristem of stem tip; E, I, J, K, fusing cotyledons. (After Bucholz.) amined the embryos of pine, spruce, larch, juniper, balsam fir, cedar of Lebanon, and others. Many Stock Photo

RMPG2R8D–. Heredity and evolution in plants. Heredity; Plants. THE EVOLUTION OF PLANTS (187s) lield the opposite opinion. Hill and de Fraine (1908-1910) are among the recent protagonists for the hypothesis that dicotyledons are the more primitive. One of the most recent studies is that by Bucholz^ who ex-. J G Fig. 104.—Development of stem tip and cotyledons in Pinus Bank- siana. Dotted line represents plerome of root-tip; shaded area, meristem of stem tip; E, I, J, K, fusing cotyledons. (After Bucholz.) amined the embryos of pine, spruce, larch, juniper, balsam fir, cedar of Lebanon, and others. Many

$. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. AERIAL ROOTS 75 horizontally they rest on the side walls. Similar readily movable bodies (not always consisting of starch, however) have been found in herbaceous stems which are sensitive to gravity. Since detailed experiments have established that the stimiUus of gravity is most readily perceived in the root-tip,^ some Botanists. Fig. 33.—Transverse section through part of a root of an epiphytic Orchid (Dendrobiuin), showing the velamen {!'.). Co., cortex ; En., endo- dermis; Ex., exodermis ; P. and Pa., pas Stock Photo$

RMRDWRKC–. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. AERIAL ROOTS 75 horizontally they rest on the side walls. Similar readily movable bodies (not always consisting of starch, however) have been found in herbaceous stems which are sensitive to gravity. Since detailed experiments have established that the stimiUus of gravity is most readily perceived in the root-tip,^ some Botanists. Fig. 33.—Transverse section through part of a root of an epiphytic Orchid (Dendrobiuin), showing the velamen {!'.). Co., cortex ; En., endo- dermis; Ex., exodermis ; P. and Pa., pas

RMHRF82B–Typical plant cell

. The botany of crop plants : a text and reference book. Botany, Economic. rUNDAMENTAL INTERNAL STRUCTUIiE OI' PLANT BODY 7 These spaces are called vacuoles. However, one must not think of the cell-sap spaces in the protoplasm as vacuums, as the rather inappropriate name "vacuole" may suggest. Vacuoles are numerous and small in the young cells, but as. Fig. I.—A, young cells from oruMi'foot tip; d, protoplasmic membrane; c, cytoplasm; a, nuclear membrane; Sj nucleolus; e, plastids (black dots). B, older cells farther back from the root tip; /, vacuole; note that the cells have enlarg Stock Photo

RMPG0GTX–. The botany of crop plants : a text and reference book. Botany, Economic. rUNDAMENTAL INTERNAL STRUCTUIiE OI' PLANT BODY 7 These spaces are called vacuoles. However, one must not think of the cell-sap spaces in the protoplasm as vacuums, as the rather inappropriate name "vacuole" may suggest. Vacuoles are numerous and small in the young cells, but as. Fig. I.—A, young cells from oruMi'foot tip; d, protoplasmic membrane; c, cytoplasm; a, nuclear membrane; Sj nucleolus; e, plastids (black dots). B, older cells farther back from the root tip; /, vacuole; note that the cells have enlarg

. Introduction to botany. Botany. 292 INTEODUCTION TO BOTANY. 277. Seed formation. The oospore that is formed by the union of the sperm and the egg grows and becomes the em- bryo of a new pine plant. The tissues that surround this developing embryo are partly absorbed by it and used in nourishing it. By the time the embryo has developed root tip, stem tip, and young leaves, the walls of the ovule have begun to harden, and the whole structure is recognized as the seed (fig. 226). When the pine cone opens, usually two years or more from the time when pollination occurred, the seeds fall to the g Stock Photo

RMRE2JGT–. Introduction to botany. Botany. 292 INTEODUCTION TO BOTANY. 277. Seed formation. The oospore that is formed by the union of the sperm and the egg grows and becomes the em- bryo of a new pine plant. The tissues that surround this developing embryo are partly absorbed by it and used in nourishing it. By the time the embryo has developed root tip, stem tip, and young leaves, the walls of the ovule have begun to harden, and the whole structure is recognized as the seed (fig. 226). When the pine cone opens, usually two years or more from the time when pollination occurred, the seeds fall to the g

. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. 3GS PLANT STUDIES The female gametophyte develops within the embryo- sao, and consists at first of seven independent cells, one of which is the egg, no archegoniuni being formed. The. Fui. H2^. T)f'vf]n]iinr'nt of cmliryo of shf])lu'r(rs purse t Cifp.^<//in. a Difotyli'don ; Ijegiiiiiiii^ witJi /, the youiii;i-(<t stage, aiul following the sfciiR-iice to IV. tlu- old- est stage, V re]ireseiils the snspensor, c the cotyledons. ,v the stem-tip, w the root, h the root-cap. Tsole the root-tip at one end of the axis and the stem-tip at the other Stock Photo

RMPG2YF1–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. 3GS PLANT STUDIES The female gametophyte develops within the embryo- sao, and consists at first of seven independent cells, one of which is the egg, no archegoniuni being formed. The. Fui. H2^. T)f'vf]n]iinr'nt of cmliryo of shf])lu'r(rs purse t Cifp.^<//in. a Difotyli'don ; Ijegiiiiiiii^ witJi /, the youiii;i-(<t stage, aiul following the sfciiR-iice to IV. tlu- old- est stage, V re]ireseiils the snspensor, c the cotyledons. ,v the stem-tip, w the root, h the root-cap. Tsole the root-tip at one end of the axis and the stem-tip at the other

RMRDG55X–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. SrÂ£I;.MAT(jl-llVTES ; ANGKjSrEEMS 369 244:. The embryo.âWhen the oospore germinates, a more or less distinct siispensor is usually formed, but never so prominent as in Gymnosperms; and at the end of the sxis- fiensor the embryo is developed, which, when completed, is more or less surrou.nded by nourishing endosperm, or has stored up within itself an abundant food supply. The two groups of Angiosperms differ widely in tlie structure of the embryo. In Monocotyledons the axis of the embryo develops the root-tip at one end and the " seed- leaf&q

. Foundations of botany. Botany; Botany. FERTILIZATION 215 the ovule m, in Fig. 165, reaches one of the cells shown at e, and transfers a generative cell into this egg-cell. The latter is thus enabled to divide and grow rapidly into an embryo. This the cell does by forming cell-walls and then in- creasing by continued subdivision, in much the same way in which the cells at the growing point near the tip of the root, or those of the cambium layer, subdivide.^ 227. Nature of the Fertilizing Process.— The necessary feature of the process of fertiliza- tion is the union of the essential contents o Stock Photo

RMPG41K1–. Foundations of botany. Botany; Botany. FERTILIZATION 215 the ovule m, in Fig. 165, reaches one of the cells shown at e, and transfers a generative cell into this egg-cell. The latter is thus enabled to divide and grow rapidly into an embryo. This the cell does by forming cell-walls and then in- creasing by continued subdivision, in much the same way in which the cells at the growing point near the tip of the root, or those of the cambium layer, subdivide.^ 227. Nature of the Fertilizing Process.— The necessary feature of the process of fertiliza- tion is the union of the essential contents o

. College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants. Botany. 64 COLLEGE BOTANY stems froon roots is much less frequent than the production of roots from the stems (page 5G). Some climbing plants, such as the trumpet creeper and the poison ivy, produce roots which serve as holdfasts and enable them to cling to trees, walls and other objects. The climbing roots should not be confused with stems which also serve this function (page 62). Structure of Roots.—The root consists of the same kinds of. Fig. 41. Fig. 42. Fig. 41.—Diagrammatic longitudinal section of root tip showing: (a) axis Stock Photo

RMRE1P3P–. College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants. Botany. 64 COLLEGE BOTANY stems froon roots is much less frequent than the production of roots from the stems (page 5G). Some climbing plants, such as the trumpet creeper and the poison ivy, produce roots which serve as holdfasts and enable them to cling to trees, walls and other objects. The climbing roots should not be confused with stems which also serve this function (page 62). Structure of Roots.—The root consists of the same kinds of. Fig. 41. Fig. 42. Fig. 41.—Diagrammatic longitudinal section of root tip showing: (a) axis

. Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. io6 MORPHOLOGY OF GYMNOSPERMS their elements become continuous with those of the four poles of the root, which is at first tetrarch, but may become triarch toward the tip. Each cotyledon contains eight or ten vascular strands, with alternating mucilage ducts, the strands being all derived from the branching of three main bundles that join the central cylinder. In the young stem four large groups of leaf traces alternate with the four cotyledo- nary groups, and just above the cotyledonary node they close together „ to form the central Stock Photo

RMPG2KHJ–. Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. io6 MORPHOLOGY OF GYMNOSPERMS their elements become continuous with those of the four poles of the root, which is at first tetrarch, but may become triarch toward the tip. Each cotyledon contains eight or ten vascular strands, with alternating mucilage ducts, the strands being all derived from the branching of three main bundles that join the central cylinder. In the young stem four large groups of leaf traces alternate with the four cotyledo- nary groups, and just above the cotyledonary node they close together „ to form the central

. Outlines of botany for the high school laboratory and classroom (based on Gray's Lessons in botany) Prepared at the request of the Botanical Dept. of Harvard University. Botany; Botany. 174 CRYProGAMS 419. GroirtJi and reproduftion should now be clearly distiiiyuis'iLed. Growth is the increase in size of an already existing individual ; rcproduclion is the forma- tion of a new individual, or new individuals. In the case of Plenrococcus cell division results in the produc- tion of two new indiviiluals, which separate sooner or later. In the growing root tip of a Flowering Plant, on the other Stock Photo

RMRDTNPM–. Outlines of botany for the high school laboratory and classroom (based on Gray's Lessons in botany) Prepared at the request of the Botanical Dept. of Harvard University. Botany; Botany. 174 CRYProGAMS 419. GroirtJi and reproduftion should now be clearly distiiiyuis'iLed. Growth is the increase in size of an already existing individual ; rcproduclion is the forma- tion of a new individual, or new individuals. In the case of Plenrococcus cell division results in the produc- tion of two new indiviiluals, which separate sooner or later. In the growing root tip of a Flowering Plant, on the other

. Our native trees and how to identify them; a popular study of their habits and their peculiarities. Trees. ROOTS. The root is that part of the plant axis which does not bear leaves. Normally it grows downward, is fixed in the soil and absorbs nourishment from the soil. True roots produce nothing but root branches and root hairs. Roots differ from stems in the following particulars. They are simpler in internal structure, very irregular in their mode of branching, never directly bear leaves, and their growing point is placed just back of the tip of the root. This tip is covered with a protect Stock Photo

RMPG2NH5–. Our native trees and how to identify them; a popular study of their habits and their peculiarities. Trees. ROOTS. The root is that part of the plant axis which does not bear leaves. Normally it grows downward, is fixed in the soil and absorbs nourishment from the soil. True roots produce nothing but root branches and root hairs. Roots differ from stems in the following particulars. They are simpler in internal structure, very irregular in their mode of branching, never directly bear leaves, and their growing point is placed just back of the tip of the root. This tip is covered with a protect

. Experimental plant physiology for beginners. Plant physiology. THE FOOD OF THE PLANT 21 be made up of a number of little parts like elongated boxes in shape. These are the "vessels" of the wood; they do not contain any cell-sap or any solution similar to the sugar solution experimented with in the thistle-funnel, or the acid cell-sap of the root-tip; that is, in the vessels of the wood, there is no osmotically active substance. How then can the water pass upwards through the wood of the stem against the force of gravity, which must always be pulling it back again ? The following qu Stock Photo

RMRE0KMD–. Experimental plant physiology for beginners. Plant physiology. THE FOOD OF THE PLANT 21 be made up of a number of little parts like elongated boxes in shape. These are the "vessels" of the wood; they do not contain any cell-sap or any solution similar to the sugar solution experimented with in the thistle-funnel, or the acid cell-sap of the root-tip; that is, in the vessels of the wood, there is no osmotically active substance. How then can the water pass upwards through the wood of the stem against the force of gravity, which must always be pulling it back again ? The following qu

RMPG41X1–. Our native trees and how to identify them : a popular study of their habits and their peculiarities . Trees. ROOTS. The root is that part of the plant axis which does not bear leaves. Normally it grows downward, is fixed in the soil and absorbs nourishment from the soil. True roots produce nothing but root branches and root hairs. Roots differ from stems in the following particulars. They are simpler in internal structure, very irregular in their mode of branching, never directly bear leaves, and their growing point is placed just back of the tip of the root. This tip is covered with a prote

$. Corn; growing, judging, breeding, feeding, marketing; for the farmer, student and teacher of agriculture, a textbook for agricultural colleges and high shcools. Corn. STRUCTURK OF ROOT 41. A longitudinal section through the root tip of shepherd's purse, showing the central vascular axis (pi), surj-ounded by the cortex (p), outside of tne cor- tex the epidermis (e) which disap- pears in the older parts of the root, and the prominent root-cap (c). office of these cells is merely to gie the root strength and form, while through them and between them the moisture absorbed by the outer layer rea Stock Photo$

RMRE3G34–. Corn; growing, judging, breeding, feeding, marketing; for the farmer, student and teacher of agriculture, a textbook for agricultural colleges and high shcools. Corn. STRUCTURK OF ROOT 41. A longitudinal section through the root tip of shepherd's purse, showing the central vascular axis (pi), surj-ounded by the cortex (p), outside of tne cor- tex the epidermis (e) which disap- pears in the older parts of the root, and the prominent root-cap (c). office of these cells is merely to gie the root strength and form, while through them and between them the moisture absorbed by the outer layer rea

. Heredity and evolution in plants. Heredity; Plants. LIFE HISTORY OF A TERN IS. Fig. 17.—Walking fern (Camptosonis rhizophyllus). The smaller,, lower plant originated at the tip of a leaf of the larger plant, and one of its leaves has, in turn, struck root.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Gager, C. Stuart (Charles Stuart), 1872-1943. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co. Stock Photo

RMPG2RMW–. Heredity and evolution in plants. Heredity; Plants. LIFE HISTORY OF A TERN IS. Fig. 17.—Walking fern (Camptosonis rhizophyllus). The smaller,, lower plant originated at the tip of a leaf of the larger plant, and one of its leaves has, in turn, struck root.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Gager, C. Stuart (Charles Stuart), 1872-1943. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co.

RMRDDWWD–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. CELLULAR ANATOMY OF THE ROOT TIP 145. regions of the root increase in diameter, but almost all elongation takes place in the growth zone, as shown in Figure 129. The meristematic zone is thus so situated that the new cells formed by it may be added both to the root cap, the thickness of which is thereby maintained in spite of its being rapidly worn awaj^ on its outer surface, and to the growth zone, the older portions of which are constantly taking on the fea- tures of the absorptive zone just behind. The growth zone merges imperceptibly into the ab

. Foundations of botany. Botany; Botany. 60 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY The growing tip of the root, as it pushes its way through the soil, is exposed to bruises; but these are largely warded ofE by the root-cap. The tip also shows a remarkable sensitiveness to contact with hard objects, so that when touched by one it swerves aside and thus finds its way downward by the easiest path. Roots with an unequal water supply on either side grow toward the moister soil. Roots are very tough, because they need to resist strong. Fig. 28. — Koots of a Western Hemlock exposed by having most of the Leaf-Mould ab Stock Photo

RMPG4AAR–. Foundations of botany. Botany; Botany. 60 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY The growing tip of the root, as it pushes its way through the soil, is exposed to bruises; but these are largely warded ofE by the root-cap. The tip also shows a remarkable sensitiveness to contact with hard objects, so that when touched by one it swerves aside and thus finds its way downward by the easiest path. Roots with an unequal water supply on either side grow toward the moister soil. Roots are very tough, because they need to resist strong. Fig. 28. — Koots of a Western Hemlock exposed by having most of the Leaf-Mould ab

. The plant cell, its modifications and vital processes; a manual for students. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy; Plant cells and tissues. CELL-DIVISION. Ill. Fig. 85.—The Monaster Stage in a Cell of the Root-tip of HyaciiUlnt.s. The chromosomes are in reality double, but the duplication cannot be seen when the loops are seen in surface view {from a photomicrograph).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Haig, Har Stock Photo

RMRDYCD7–. The plant cell, its modifications and vital processes; a manual for students. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy; Plant cells and tissues. CELL-DIVISION. Ill. Fig. 85.—The Monaster Stage in a Cell of the Root-tip of HyaciiUlnt.s. The chromosomes are in reality double, but the duplication cannot be seen when the loops are seen in surface view {from a photomicrograph).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Haig, Har

. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. STEMS 673 ground, rooting copiously at the fre- quent nodes (fig. 712). Also to be classed with runners are such stems as those of Decodon and Rubus which bend over and take root if the tip comes into contact with moist soil. Prostrate stems differ from runners in not taking root, though stems classed as prostrate {Arctostaphylos, Juniperus horizontalis, fig. 984) fre- quently develop roots under favor- able conditions. When the stems of Decodon or Rubus bend over and root at the tip, probably it is because there is not sufficien Stock Photo

RMPG3FY8–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. STEMS 673 ground, rooting copiously at the fre- quent nodes (fig. 712). Also to be classed with runners are such stems as those of Decodon and Rubus which bend over and take root if the tip comes into contact with moist soil. Prostrate stems differ from runners in not taking root, though stems classed as prostrate {Arctostaphylos, Juniperus horizontalis, fig. 984) fre- quently develop roots under favor- able conditions. When the stems of Decodon or Rubus bend over and root at the tip, probably it is because there is not sufficien

. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. CELLULAR ANATOMY OF THE ROOT TIP 145. regions of the root increase in diameter, but almost all elongation takes place in the growth zone, as shown in Figure 129. The meristematic zone is thus so situated that the new cells formed by it may be added both to the root cap, the thickness of which is thereby maintained in spite of its being rapidly worn away on its outer surface, and to the growth zone, the older portions of which are constantly taking on the fea- tures of the absorptive zone just be- hind. The growth zone passes gradually into the Stock Photo

RMRDTGPJ–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. CELLULAR ANATOMY OF THE ROOT TIP 145. regions of the root increase in diameter, but almost all elongation takes place in the growth zone, as shown in Figure 129. The meristematic zone is thus so situated that the new cells formed by it may be added both to the root cap, the thickness of which is thereby maintained in spite of its being rapidly worn away on its outer surface, and to the growth zone, the older portions of which are constantly taking on the fea- tures of the absorptive zone just be- hind. The growth zone passes gradually into the

. Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. CYCADALES 99 persist above the plate more or less, in one case for a distance of 1.6 mm., above which a siphonostele is established. The develop- ment of the tetrarch root is delayed, its four protoxylem poles being inserted upon the cotyledbnary bundles, and the entire xylem system of the root being bordered periphe- rally by cambium. The single cotyle- don, which is often lobed at tip, is mul- ti fascicular, usually with alternating mucilage ducts, but all the vascular strands are derived from three bundles that connect with the vas Stock Photo

RMPG2KJC–. Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. CYCADALES 99 persist above the plate more or less, in one case for a distance of 1.6 mm., above which a siphonostele is established. The develop- ment of the tetrarch root is delayed, its four protoxylem poles being inserted upon the cotyledbnary bundles, and the entire xylem system of the root being bordered periphe- rally by cambium. The single cotyle- don, which is often lobed at tip, is mul- ti fascicular, usually with alternating mucilage ducts, but all the vascular strands are derived from three bundles that connect with the vas

. Botany of the living plant. Botany. -8 BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT aside the solid particles in its course, h study of its structure explains how injury to the apex is avoided. External observation shows that the conical apex itself is semi-transparent and slimy to the touch. By this sliminess it readily slides past obstacles, losing occasionally some superficial cells in the process. But the structure of the root-tip as shown in section explains the protection bet-ter ; it is well shown for the common Barley in Fig. 6o. The actual growing point is covered by a protective root-cap. The superf Stock Photo

RMRDXR3Y–. Botany of the living plant. Botany. -8 BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT aside the solid particles in its course, h study of its structure explains how injury to the apex is avoided. External observation shows that the conical apex itself is semi-transparent and slimy to the touch. By this sliminess it readily slides past obstacles, losing occasionally some superficial cells in the process. But the structure of the root-tip as shown in section explains the protection bet-ter ; it is well shown for the common Barley in Fig. 6o. The actual growing point is covered by a protective root-cap. The superf

. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. S02 ECOLOGY root is removed. The change in the general form of the root system is equally noteworthy, since the large tap root is replaced by a complex of much-branched roots of about equal size (figs. 708, 709). Such a change in form usually occurs when plants {e.g. celery or cab- bage) are transplanted, since the growing tip of the tap root commonly is destroyed in the process. Apart from the prevention of overcrowding, transplanting may be of economic advantage, since the shallow and compact root system thus produced is better Stock Photo

RMPG219G–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. S02 ECOLOGY root is removed. The change in the general form of the root system is equally noteworthy, since the large tap root is replaced by a complex of much-branched roots of about equal size (figs. 708, 709). Such a change in form usually occurs when plants {e.g. celery or cab- bage) are transplanted, since the growing tip of the tap root commonly is destroyed in the process. Apart from the prevention of overcrowding, transplanting may be of economic advantage, since the shallow and compact root system thus produced is better

. Principles of plant culture; an elementary treatise designed as a text-book for beginners in agriculture and horticulture. Horticulture; Botany. Tlie Root and the Soil. 71 vancing through the soil, does not move in a straight line, but has an oesillating motion, which enables it to take advantage of openings between the soil particles. The force with which the root-tip is pushed forward was calculated by Darwin to be at least a quarter of a pound in some cases, while the increase of the root in diameter may exert a much greater force. The root-tip is protected in its passage through the soil Stock Photo

RMRE1EY8–. Principles of plant culture; an elementary treatise designed as a text-book for beginners in agriculture and horticulture. Horticulture; Botany. Tlie Root and the Soil. 71 vancing through the soil, does not move in a straight line, but has an oesillating motion, which enables it to take advantage of openings between the soil particles. The force with which the root-tip is pushed forward was calculated by Darwin to be at least a quarter of a pound in some cases, while the increase of the root in diameter may exert a much greater force. The root-tip is protected in its passage through the soil

. The nursery-book; a complete guide to the multiplication of plants ... Gardening; Plant propagation. 38 LAYERAGE. root readily, and in order to facilitate rooting, the branch is wounded at the point where it is desired that roots shall form. This wounding serves to induce formation of adven-. ji. CatJiallun layer (xH)- titious buds at that point, and to check the growth of the branch at the tip. It is a common practice to cut the branch about half in two obliquely, on the lower side. This ope- ration is known as "tongueing." "Ringing" or girdling, twisting, notching, and Stock Photo

RMPG267T–. The nursery-book; a complete guide to the multiplication of plants ... Gardening; Plant propagation. 38 LAYERAGE. root readily, and in order to facilitate rooting, the branch is wounded at the point where it is desired that roots shall form. This wounding serves to induce formation of adven-. ji. CatJiallun layer (xH)- titious buds at that point, and to check the growth of the branch at the tip. It is a common practice to cut the branch about half in two obliquely, on the lower side. This ope- ration is known as "tongueing." "Ringing" or girdling, twisting, notching, and

RMRDX168–. Outlines of botany for the high school laboratory and classroom (based on Gray's Lessons in botany) Prepared at the request of the Botanical Dept. of Harvard University. Botany; Botany. MINUTE ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS 213. 3oU. Sectional &v of young cella from the root tip. metit, absoi-ptioii of food fnatcrial, assimilation â these acti'ities are cai-rietl on by the cooperation of the cells composing the plant. This being the case, it is important to know something of the structure of the typical vege- table cell. 495. Structure of the cell.âIn illustration of the typical vegetab

. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. OFFSHOOTS ON EUNNERS. 801 Everyone knows the long runners of the Strawberry plant (Fragaria vesca). Here buds arise at the intermediate nodes as well as at the tip of the runner, and these develop into new plants after the thread-like connecting portions have perished. Suppose a Strawberry stock sends out three runners during the summer; each takes root at 5 nodes, and from each node a bud, i.e. an offshoot, develops, so that the following year the mother-stock is surrounded by fifteen daughter-plant Stock Photo

RMPG2MCB–. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. OFFSHOOTS ON EUNNERS. 801 Everyone knows the long runners of the Strawberry plant (Fragaria vesca). Here buds arise at the intermediate nodes as well as at the tip of the runner, and these develop into new plants after the thread-like connecting portions have perished. Suppose a Strawberry stock sends out three runners during the summer; each takes root at 5 nodes, and from each node a bud, i.e. an offshoot, develops, so that the following year the mother-stock is surrounded by fifteen daughter-plant

. The essentials of botany. Botany. NUTATION 123 organ. Here again can be distinguished autonomous movements whose stimuli if external are not recognized and paratonic movements in response to recognized stimuli. 182. Probably the most widely prevalent autono- mous growth movement is that called nutation. If a firm long bristle be fastened to the tip of a growing stem or root tip and its end be observed under a microscope or in some cases with the unaided eye it will be found to describe a very irregular somewhat circular figure. This is really a low spiral for the tip is advancing at the same Stock Photo

RMRDWC7Y–. The essentials of botany. Botany. NUTATION 123 organ. Here again can be distinguished autonomous movements whose stimuli if external are not recognized and paratonic movements in response to recognized stimuli. 182. Probably the most widely prevalent autono- mous growth movement is that called nutation. If a firm long bristle be fastened to the tip of a growing stem or root tip and its end be observed under a microscope or in some cases with the unaided eye it will be found to describe a very irregular somewhat circular figure. This is really a low spiral for the tip is advancing at the same

RMPG2XB1–. Our native trees and how to identify them; a popular study of their habits and their peculiarities. Trees. ROOTS. The root is that part of the plant axis whicii does not bear leaves. Normally it grows downward, is fixed in the soil and absorbs nourishment from the soil. True roots produce nothing but root Ijranches and root hairs. Roots differ from stems in the following particulars. They are simpler in internal structure, very irregular in their mode of branching, never directly bear leaves, and their growing point is placed just back of the tip of the root. This tip is covered with a prote

. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. GROWTH 119 an advantage to the plant, since the leaves are thereby more rapidly brought into positions of best exposure to air and sun- light. The growth of several internodes at the same time, and their elongation throughout their entire length, carries the tip of the steiii forward with much greater force than if growth were confined to a short zone, as in the case of the grow- ing root. But a more rapid and forceful advance of the root-tip through the soil might result in serious or fatal injury, on ac- count of the resistance and ob- stacles encountered in Stock Photo

RMRE1WPY–. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. GROWTH 119 an advantage to the plant, since the leaves are thereby more rapidly brought into positions of best exposure to air and sun- light. The growth of several internodes at the same time, and their elongation throughout their entire length, carries the tip of the steiii forward with much greater force than if growth were confined to a short zone, as in the case of the grow- ing root. But a more rapid and forceful advance of the root-tip through the soil might result in serious or fatal injury, on ac- count of the resistance and ob- stacles encountered in

. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. 370 PLANT STl'DIKS from the seed. Formerly it was culled either cuullrJe or radicle. In Dicotj'ledons the stem-tip between the coty- ledons often organizes the rudiments of subsequent leaves, forming a little bud which is called the plumule. Embryos differ much as to completeness of their devel- opment within the seed. In some plants, especially those which are jiarasitic or saprophytic, tlie embryo is merely a small mass of cells, without any organization of root, stem, or leaf. In many cases the embryo becomes highly devel- ojicd, the endosperm Stock Photo

RMPG2YEK–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. 370 PLANT STl'DIKS from the seed. Formerly it was culled either cuullrJe or radicle. In Dicotj'ledons the stem-tip between the coty- ledons often organizes the rudiments of subsequent leaves, forming a little bud which is called the plumule. Embryos differ much as to completeness of their devel- opment within the seed. In some plants, especially those which are jiarasitic or saprophytic, tlie embryo is merely a small mass of cells, without any organization of root, stem, or leaf. In many cases the embryo becomes highly devel- ojicd, the endosperm

RMRDYCDG–. The plant cell, its modifications and vital processes; a manual for students. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy; Plant cells and tissues. Fig. 82.—Early and Late Spikeme Stages (from a photomicrograph, Hyacinthiia root-tip).. Kg. 83.—A Complete Spireme (from a photomicrograph, AUivm root-tip).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Haig, Harold Axel. London, C. Griffin and Company, Ltd.

RMPG2X98–. Our native trees and how to identify them; a popular study of their habits and their peculiarities. Trees. ROOTS. The root is that part of the plant axis which does not bear leaves. Normally it grows downward, is fixed in the soil and absorbs nourishment from the soil. True roots produce nothing but root branches and root hairs. Roots differ from stems in the following particulars. They are simpler in internal structure, very irregular in their mode of branching, never directly bear leaves, and their growing point is placed just back of the tip of the root. This tip is covered with a protect

. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. Fig. 244.—Ectotrophic micorhizas. At left, mlcorhizal mantle on root of hickory {Carya ovata), in cross-section; at right, root-tip of an oak (Quercus), covered by fungus mantle. (After W. B. McDougall.) The mycelia either form a mantle or jacket at or near the surface of the young roots {ectotrophic, Fig. 244), or they penetrate through the cell-walls into the cell-cavities {endotrophic, Fig. 245). Recent careful studies seem to demonstrate that the ectotrophic mycorrhizas, common on the roots of many kinds of trees (hickory, oaks, birch, sugar-maple, larch, Stock Photo

RMRE2FDR–. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. Fig. 244.—Ectotrophic micorhizas. At left, mlcorhizal mantle on root of hickory {Carya ovata), in cross-section; at right, root-tip of an oak (Quercus), covered by fungus mantle. (After W. B. McDougall.) The mycelia either form a mantle or jacket at or near the surface of the young roots {ectotrophic, Fig. 244), or they penetrate through the cell-walls into the cell-cavities {endotrophic, Fig. 245). Recent careful studies seem to demonstrate that the ectotrophic mycorrhizas, common on the roots of many kinds of trees (hickory, oaks, birch, sugar-maple, larch,

. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 492 ECOLOGY tage derived from root hairs seems to be the increase of permeable sur- face, which sometimes is as much as five or ten times that of a hairless root of equal size. The youngest hairs emerge a short distance behind the tip; farther back they are of mature size, and still farther back they are withered and dead. Most root hairs are ephemeral structures, lasting only a few days or weeks. Indeed, the entire epidermis is soon sloughed off, and the hypodermis (here called the exodermis) becomes the outer layer of the root, Stock Photo

RMPG21A0–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 492 ECOLOGY tage derived from root hairs seems to be the increase of permeable sur- face, which sometimes is as much as five or ten times that of a hairless root of equal size. The youngest hairs emerge a short distance behind the tip; farther back they are of mature size, and still farther back they are withered and dead. Most root hairs are ephemeral structures, lasting only a few days or weeks. Indeed, the entire epidermis is soon sloughed off, and the hypodermis (here called the exodermis) becomes the outer layer of the root,

. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. 78 DICOTYLEDONOUS STEM vascular bundle, and so presents a sinuous outline. Such a starch-sheath is not uncommon in herbaceous Dicotyledonous stems (cf. also Fig. 57, S.s.), and its readily movable starch-grains have been regarded as fulfilling a similar function in perceiving geotropic stimuU as that attributed to the starch-grains in the cells of the root-tip (cf. p. 75). The central cyhnder, which is separated off from the cortex by the starch-sheath, is termed. Fig. 35.—A single vascular bundle from the st Stock Photo

RMRDWRK1–. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. 78 DICOTYLEDONOUS STEM vascular bundle, and so presents a sinuous outline. Such a starch-sheath is not uncommon in herbaceous Dicotyledonous stems (cf. also Fig. 57, S.s.), and its readily movable starch-grains have been regarded as fulfilling a similar function in perceiving geotropic stimuU as that attributed to the starch-grains in the cells of the root-tip (cf. p. 75). The central cyhnder, which is separated off from the cortex by the starch-sheath, is termed. Fig. 35.—A single vascular bundle from the st

. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. CHAPTER V GERMINATION OF SEEDS 42. Introductory.—In the preceding chapters the struc- ture and the work of the three great nutritive organs (leaf, stem, and root) of the higher plants were considered. In studying the germination of seeds, these organs may be observed assuming their various positions and relations, and the student may be introduced to certain important facts.. Fig. 81.—Section of bean; renroving one cotyledon, and showing the testa, the remaining cotyledon, the hypocotyl (its tip in position to emerge), and the plumule. Pe Stock Photo

RMPFYF13–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. CHAPTER V GERMINATION OF SEEDS 42. Introductory.—In the preceding chapters the struc- ture and the work of the three great nutritive organs (leaf, stem, and root) of the higher plants were considered. In studying the germination of seeds, these organs may be observed assuming their various positions and relations, and the student may be introduced to certain important facts.. Fig. 81.—Section of bean; renroving one cotyledon, and showing the testa, the remaining cotyledon, the hypocotyl (its tip in position to emerge), and the plumule. Pe

. The principles and practice of pruning... Pruning. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AS RELATED TO PRUNING V allowing the seedlings to grow a few days between sheets of white blotting paper. When so grown they are more or less straight, but when grown in the soil they are much contorted because of the contact of soil particles. 11. Root hairs are usually most numerous on plants growing in soil that is dry, and least in that which is saturated with water. Also, when the waier supply de- J ^,^ ^ Jw FIG. 7—ROOT HAIR GREATLY MAGNIFIED. FIG. R—ROOT TIP MUCH MAGNIFIED epidermis; h, cortex; c, ple- rome; d, root Stock Photo

RMRDN6G0–. The principles and practice of pruning... Pruning. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AS RELATED TO PRUNING V allowing the seedlings to grow a few days between sheets of white blotting paper. When so grown they are more or less straight, but when grown in the soil they are much contorted because of the contact of soil particles. 11. Root hairs are usually most numerous on plants growing in soil that is dry, and least in that which is saturated with water. Also, when the waier supply de- J ^,^ ^ Jw FIG. 7—ROOT HAIR GREATLY MAGNIFIED. FIG. R—ROOT TIP MUCH MAGNIFIED epidermis; h, cortex; c, ple- rome; d, root

. The nursery-book : a complete guide to the multiplication of plants . Plant propagation. 38 LAYERAGE. root readily, and in order to facilitate rooting, the branch is wounded at the point where it is desired that roots shall form. This wounding serves to induce formation of adven-. jV. Cdfualiun tavcr (.',-?j. titiout" buds at that jioint. and to check the growth of the branch at the tip. It is a common practice to cut the branch about half in two obliqueh', on the lower side. This ope- ration is known as " tongueing." "Ringing" i.ir girdling, twisting, notching, and Stock Photo

RMPG261M–. The nursery-book : a complete guide to the multiplication of plants . Plant propagation. 38 LAYERAGE. root readily, and in order to facilitate rooting, the branch is wounded at the point where it is desired that roots shall form. This wounding serves to induce formation of adven-. jV. Cdfualiun tavcr (.',-?j. titiout" buds at that jioint. and to check the growth of the branch at the tip. It is a common practice to cut the branch about half in two obliqueh', on the lower side. This ope- ration is known as " tongueing." "Ringing" i.ir girdling, twisting, notching, and

. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 374 BOTANY. cliyma, or fibrous tissue), tUe stems are frequently very liard. The fundamental tissues frequently develop a good deal of mucilaginous or slimy matter. Both stems ami roots develop from a tbree-slded apical cell. The apical cell of the root continually undergoes fission not only parallel to its sides, but also parallel to its base—i.e., at right angles to the axis of the root. The daughter-cells thus cut off {k, k, Fig. 257a) constitute the root-cap (pileor7dza) with which each root-tip is covered. The leaves, which unfold circinatel Stock Photo

RMRDW9FB–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 374 BOTANY. cliyma, or fibrous tissue), tUe stems are frequently very liard. The fundamental tissues frequently develop a good deal of mucilaginous or slimy matter. Both stems ami roots develop from a tbree-slded apical cell. The apical cell of the root continually undergoes fission not only parallel to its sides, but also parallel to its base—i.e., at right angles to the axis of the root. The daughter-cells thus cut off {k, k, Fig. 257a) constitute the root-cap (pileor7dza) with which each root-tip is covered. The leaves, which unfold circinatel

RMPG45WH–. Principles of plant culture : an elementary treatise designed as a text-book for beginners in agriculture and horticulture. Horticulture; Botany. The Inner Structure of the Plantlet. 49 67. The Growing Point. At the tip of the stem, and just behind the tip of the root, is a group of cells forming the so-called growing point. These cells divide verj- rapidly during the growing season, and from them, all other kinds of cells are evolved. 68. The Vascular (vas'-cu-lar) Bundles.* While the plantlet remains within the seed-case, it mainly consists of cells more or less cubical or globular in outl

. The plant cell, its modifications and vital processes; a manual for students. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy; Plant cells and tissues. Fig. 76. —1. A QuiES( ENT Cell from a Growing Root-tip. The nucleus is situated centrally in the granular cytoplasm, and shoM's externally the nuclear membrane, and internally the clear nuclear plasm, the linin network upon which are seen at intervals the chromatin granules and a few karyosomes ; two nucleoli are present. 2. The Initial Phase or Mitosis (early prophase). The chromatin granules have increased in size, and are becoming arranged in the form of Stock Photo

RMRDYCJ8–. The plant cell, its modifications and vital processes; a manual for students. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy; Plant cells and tissues. Fig. 76. —1. A QuiES( ENT Cell from a Growing Root-tip. The nucleus is situated centrally in the granular cytoplasm, and shoM's externally the nuclear membrane, and internally the clear nuclear plasm, the linin network upon which are seen at intervals the chromatin granules and a few karyosomes ; two nucleoli are present. 2. The Initial Phase or Mitosis (early prophase). The chromatin granules have increased in size, and are becoming arranged in the form of

. Our native trees and how to identify them; a popular study of their habits and their peculiarities. Trees. cap and Root-hairs. They are simpler in internal structure, very irregular in their mode of branching, never directly bear leaves, and their growing point is placed just back of the tip of the root. This tip is covered with a protecting cap called the root- cap and this may push its way without injury to the growing point. The root-hairs are found on the ultimate branches just back of the growing point ; their function is to ab- sorb nutriment from the soil. (Fig. i.) When the main root Stock Photo

RMPG2XFA–. Our native trees and how to identify them; a popular study of their habits and their peculiarities. Trees. cap and Root-hairs. They are simpler in internal structure, very irregular in their mode of branching, never directly bear leaves, and their growing point is placed just back of the tip of the root. This tip is covered with a protecting cap called the root- cap and this may push its way without injury to the growing point. The root-hairs are found on the ultimate branches just back of the growing point ; their function is to ab- sorb nutriment from the soil. (Fig. i.) When the main root

. The plant cell, its modifications and vital processes; a manual for students. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy; Plant cells and tissues. Fig. 89.—An End-stage from a Cell of the Young Female Cone of Larix Europcea. The cell-plate is just beginning to form.. Fig. 30. —Formation of the Cell- plate (complete partition wall between two daughter - cells). The daughter-nuclei are complete (from Hyacinthus root-tip). (b) "Whilst these changes have been going on in the daughter- nuclei at each pole of the spindle, small thickenings appear on the fibrils of this structure in the median equatorial Stock Photo

RMRDYCBA–. The plant cell, its modifications and vital processes; a manual for students. Plant physiology; Plant anatomy; Plant cells and tissues. Fig. 89.—An End-stage from a Cell of the Young Female Cone of Larix Europcea. The cell-plate is just beginning to form.. Fig. 30. —Formation of the Cell- plate (complete partition wall between two daughter - cells). The daughter-nuclei are complete (from Hyacinthus root-tip). (b) "Whilst these changes have been going on in the daughter- nuclei at each pole of the spindle, small thickenings appear on the fibrils of this structure in the median equatorial

. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 504 ECOLOGY supplementing the original root system. Some stems, such as those of pines and oaks, are unable to develop roots in this manner, a fact that may account for the early death of these trees when partly buried, in contrast with the phenomenal success of poplars and willows under similar conditions. Adventitious roots occur less frequently on leaves than on stems. The walking fern {Camptosorus rhizophyllus) strikes root at the leaf tip, much as does the rasp- berry at the stem tip, and in a similar way gives rise to a new Stock Photo

RMPG2193–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 504 ECOLOGY supplementing the original root system. Some stems, such as those of pines and oaks, are unable to develop roots in this manner, a fact that may account for the early death of these trees when partly buried, in contrast with the phenomenal success of poplars and willows under similar conditions. Adventitious roots occur less frequently on leaves than on stems. The walking fern {Camptosorus rhizophyllus) strikes root at the leaf tip, much as does the rasp- berry at the stem tip, and in a similar way gives rise to a new

. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 374 BO TANT. cliyma, or fibrous tissue), the stems are frequently very hard. Tie fundamental tissues frequently develop a good deal of mucilaginous or slimy matter. Both stems and roots develop from a three-sided apical cell. The apical cell of the root continually undergoes fission not only parallel to its sides, but also parallel to its base—i.e., at right angles to the axis of the root. The daughter-cells thus cut oflF {k, k, Fig. 257a) constitute the root-cap {pileorhiza) with which each root-tip is covered. The leaves, which unfold circinate Stock Photo

RMRDWA2B–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 374 BO TANT. cliyma, or fibrous tissue), the stems are frequently very hard. Tie fundamental tissues frequently develop a good deal of mucilaginous or slimy matter. Both stems and roots develop from a three-sided apical cell. The apical cell of the root continually undergoes fission not only parallel to its sides, but also parallel to its base—i.e., at right angles to the axis of the root. The daughter-cells thus cut oflF {k, k, Fig. 257a) constitute the root-cap {pileorhiza) with which each root-tip is covered. The leaves, which unfold circinate

$. Beginners' botany. Botany. Fig. 26.—Indian Corn. Caulicle at c; roots emerging at m; plumule at/. single cotyledon is at a, the cauUcle at b, the plumule at/. The cotyledon remains in the seed. The food is stored both in the cotyledon and as endosperm, chiefly the latter. The emerging shoot is the plumule, with a sheath- ing leaf {p, Fig. 26). The root is emitted from the tip of. the caulicle, c. The caulicle is held in a sheath (formed mostly from the seed-coats), and some of the roots escape through the upper end of this sheath {m. Fig. 26). The 'x-^T epicotyl elongates, particularly if ' Stock Photo$

RMPG279P–. Beginners' botany. Botany. Fig. 26.—Indian Corn. Caulicle at c; roots emerging at m; plumule at/. single cotyledon is at a, the cauUcle at b, the plumule at/. The cotyledon remains in the seed. The food is stored both in the cotyledon and as endosperm, chiefly the latter. The emerging shoot is the plumule, with a sheath- ing leaf {p, Fig. 26). The root is emitted from the tip of. the caulicle, c. The caulicle is held in a sheath (formed mostly from the seed-coats), and some of the roots escape through the upper end of this sheath {m. Fig. 26). The 'x-^T epicotyl elongates, particularly if '

RMRDA8HR–. The nursery-book; a complete guide to the multiplication of plants ... Gardening; Plant propagation. 36 LAYERAGE. is formed for next year's growth. The parent cane is sev- ered in the fall or spring, some 4 or 6 inches above the ground, and an independent plant, known as a "root-tip," as shown in Fig. 28, is ob- tained. In this instance, as in most others, it is im- material at what point the parent stem is severed, ex- cept that a short portion of it serves as a handle in â '^ carrying the plant, and also marks the position of the plant when it is set. The. 2S. Raspberry tip

. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. 144 ROOTS. Fig. 128. — Longitudinal sections through root of Onion at the following regions. A, through the tip showing the root cap and meristematic zone. B, through the zone of elongation. C, through absorptive region or hair zone. Highly magnified.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Martin, John N. (John Nathan), b. 1875. New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Stock Photo

RMPG42YK–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. 144 ROOTS. Fig. 128. — Longitudinal sections through root of Onion at the following regions. A, through the tip showing the root cap and meristematic zone. B, through the zone of elongation. C, through absorptive region or hair zone. Highly magnified.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Martin, John N. (John Nathan), b. 1875. New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory, vol. 5. Botany; Botany. Fig. 2. Longitudinal sections (X300) of epidermal cells of root tip. 1. C. maculata 2. P. rotundifolia Y free hyphal filaments, S = sheath. separated by a pseudoparenchyma, much like that seen in Monotropa. There is apparently no invasion of any layer beneath the epidermis. Kramar (44) has described all stages of the growth of the mycorhiza. The walls of the epidermal cells first become infested with hyphae forming a pseudoparen- chyma between the cells. Later, when the epidermal cells become full size the hyphae penetrat Stock Photo

RMRE9PHX–. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory, vol. 5. Botany; Botany. Fig. 2. Longitudinal sections (X300) of epidermal cells of root tip. 1. C. maculata 2. P. rotundifolia Y free hyphal filaments, S = sheath. separated by a pseudoparenchyma, much like that seen in Monotropa. There is apparently no invasion of any layer beneath the epidermis. Kramar (44) has described all stages of the growth of the mycorhiza. The walls of the epidermal cells first become infested with hyphae forming a pseudoparen- chyma between the cells. Later, when the epidermal cells become full size the hyphae penetrat

Root tip Black & White Stock Photos

Root tip Black & White Stock Photos

Download Confirmation

Password Confirmation

Search Results for Root tip Black & White Stock Photos and Images (353)

Filter by agency collections

Search builder

Get great features with your free account

Get inspired for your next project!