Terminal spore hi-res stock photography and images

fungus on sweets the prolonged storage on wood Stock Photo

RFFWE0J9–fungus on sweets the prolonged storage on wood

Norihibi (Spore collector of laver), Ariake Sea Stock Photo

RF2AA1M83–Norihibi (Spore collector of laver), Ariake Sea

clostridium tetani. Anatomy of the cell with terminal spore, and vegetative cell. Structure of the terminal spore: Core, cortex, and spore coat Stock Vector

RF2DH7850–clostridium tetani. Anatomy of the cell with terminal spore, and vegetative cell. Structure of the terminal spore: Core, cortex, and spore coat

Magpie Inkcap Fungus amongst bramble leaves on a woodland floor in autumn Stock Photo

RM2E04BAG–Magpie Inkcap Fungus amongst bramble leaves on a woodland floor in autumn

. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. Fig. 142. Fig. 143. Fig. 142.—An outline showing the formation of a spore-chain of the blue-green mold {PeniciUium g'/aucUTn). li, branch of spore-bearing: hypha, budding beneath two older spores. Across the narrow neck a partition wall is formed, tlie'spores round off, and from this wall a device, c, for loosening the spores is developed. The terminal spore is oldest. Highly magnified.—After Frank. Fig. 143.—Longitudinal-section through the edge of a gill of a mushroom iCoprinus) after spore-formation is'tomplete Stock Photo

RMRDHBFN–. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. Fig. 142. Fig. 143. Fig. 142.—An outline showing the formation of a spore-chain of the blue-green mold {PeniciUium g'/aucUTn). li, branch of spore-bearing: hypha, budding beneath two older spores. Across the narrow neck a partition wall is formed, tlie'spores round off, and from this wall a device, c, for loosening the spores is developed. The terminal spore is oldest. Highly magnified.—After Frank. Fig. 143.—Longitudinal-section through the edge of a gill of a mushroom iCoprinus) after spore-formation is'tomplete

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.— COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—VSTILAGINEAE. ^15 abjunction; all the sporogenous hyphae divide, according to Winter, by transverse walls arising from the extremities of their curved terminal branches in basipetal succession into short members, which develope into spores united together in pairs. The development of the spores of TTstilago may be briefly desciibed in about the same words, only in this case the ripe spore-cells are. not united in couples, but are isolat Stock Photo

RMPG4B7G–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.— COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—VSTILAGINEAE. ^15 abjunction; all the sporogenous hyphae divide, according to Winter, by transverse walls arising from the extremities of their curved terminal branches in basipetal succession into short members, which develope into spores united together in pairs. The development of the spores of TTstilago may be briefly desciibed in about the same words, only in this case the ripe spore-cells are. not united in couples, but are isolat

Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith diseasesofplants00tubeuoft Year: 1897 KXOBASIDIUM. 425 from each a spindle-shaped spore is abjointed (Fig. 257). The basidiospores divide in water by formation of cross-septa, and a germ-tube arises from each terminal cell. On a young leaf of Vaccinium the germ-tube penetrates and gives rise to a mycelium (Fig. 258); on other substrata the germ-tube sprouts into se'eral very fine .sterignuita, from Stock Photo

RMT1J4BC–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith diseasesofplants00tubeuoft Year: 1897 KXOBASIDIUM. 425 from each a spindle-shaped spore is abjointed (Fig. 257). The basidiospores divide in water by formation of cross-septa, and a germ-tube arises from each terminal cell. On a young leaf of Vaccinium the germ-tube penetrates and gives rise to a mycelium (Fig. 258); on other substrata the germ-tube sprouts into se'eral very fine .sterignuita, from

. Fig. 3. Endospores. Figs. 4, 5. Chlamydospores breaking up into individual spores. Fig. 6. Chlamydospores, unbroken. Fig. 7. Ascospores. Fig. 8. Ascus. spore case is formed on terminal branches. It has a somewhat swol- len base and a long tapering cell (Fig. 3). The endospores are form- ed in the apex of this terminal cell and are pushed out of the rup- tured end by the growth of the unfragmented protoplasm of the base. They are hyalin, thin-walled, oblong to linear 10-25ux4-5u. The second kind of spores formed are the chlamydospores (Figs. 4-6). These are thick-walled dark brown bodies, bor Stock Photo

RMMCKWXM–. Fig. 3. Endospores. Figs. 4, 5. Chlamydospores breaking up into individual spores. Fig. 6. Chlamydospores, unbroken. Fig. 7. Ascospores. Fig. 8. Ascus. spore case is formed on terminal branches. It has a somewhat swol- len base and a long tapering cell (Fig. 3). The endospores are form- ed in the apex of this terminal cell and are pushed out of the rup- tured end by the growth of the unfragmented protoplasm of the base. They are hyalin, thin-walled, oblong to linear 10-25ux4-5u. The second kind of spores formed are the chlamydospores (Figs. 4-6). These are thick-walled dark brown bodies, bor

RFFWE0JC–fungus on sweets the prolonged storage on wood

RF2AA1M8P–Norihibi (Spore collector of laver), Ariake Sea

RM2E04BAJ–Magpie Inkcap Fungus amongst bramble leaves on a woodland floor in autumn

$. Plant life, considered with special references to form and function. Plant physiology. Fig. 212. Fig, 212.—An outline sliowing the formation of a basipetal spore-chain of the Ijlue-green mold r^<^nicilliuin glaiicmti). /'.branch of spore-bearing hypha, budding beneath two older spores. Across the narrow neck a partition wall is formed, the spores round off, and from this wall a deice, c, for loosening the spores is developed. The terminal spore is oldest. Highly magnitied.—-After Frank. Fig. 213.—Longitudinal section through the edge of a gill of a mushroom {Co^ritins) after spore-forma Stock Photo$

RMRDY9HR–. Plant life, considered with special references to form and function. Plant physiology. Fig. 212. Fig, 212.—An outline sliowing the formation of a basipetal spore-chain of the Ijlue-green mold r^<^nicilliuin glaiicmti). /'.branch of spore-bearing hypha, budding beneath two older spores. Across the narrow neck a partition wall is formed, the spores round off, and from this wall a deice, c, for loosening the spores is developed. The terminal spore is oldest. Highly magnitied.—-After Frank. Fig. 213.—Longitudinal section through the edge of a gill of a mushroom {Co^ritins) after spore-forma

RMPG0R7T–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—PERONOSPOREAE. ^37 and especially of genera, may be taken chiefly from the gonidial formations, while the few species which have no gonidia are not easily classified. The main features in the formation of gonidia in the genera and subgenera of the Peronosporeae are as follows :— Pythimn. A persistent cell, usually the terminal cell of a branch, is delimited by a transverse wall and becomes a spore-mother-cell (sporangium). The gelatinous

Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 EXOBASIDIUM. 425 from each a spindle-shaped spore is abjointed (Fig. 257). The liasidiospores divide in water by formation of cross-septa, and a germ-tube arises from each terminal cell. On a young leaf of Vaccinium the germ-tube penetrates and gives rise to a mycelium (Fig. 258) ; on other substrata the germ-tube sprouts into several very fine sterigmata, from the extremi- ties of which a series of c Stock Photo

RMT1J49C–Diseases of plants induced by Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae diseasesofplant00tube Year: 1897 EXOBASIDIUM. 425 from each a spindle-shaped spore is abjointed (Fig. 257). The liasidiospores divide in water by formation of cross-septa, and a germ-tube arises from each terminal cell. On a young leaf of Vaccinium the germ-tube penetrates and gives rise to a mycelium (Fig. 258) ; on other substrata the germ-tube sprouts into several very fine sterigmata, from the extremi- ties of which a series of c

RFFWE0JB–fungus on sweets the prolonged storage on wood

Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical, a text-book for students and practitioners . WM Fig. 66.—Hair showing trichophyton endo-ectothryx, X 900. PARASITES. 169 and terminal elements emerging at one extremity of the spore case. Bothelements of this organism are more readily stained by the aniline dyes than arethose of the trichophyton or favus. This organism is the cause of the con-dition known as tinea versicolor. (5). Microsporon minutissimmn.This organism is the etiologic factor of erythrasma. It is characterizedby the extreme delicacy and fineness of its threads an Stock Photo

RM2AKYXTF–Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical, a text-book for students and practitioners . WM Fig. 66.—Hair showing trichophyton endo-ectothryx, X 900. PARASITES. 169 and terminal elements emerging at one extremity of the spore case. Bothelements of this organism are more readily stained by the aniline dyes than arethose of the trichophyton or favus. This organism is the cause of the con-dition known as tinea versicolor. (5). Microsporon minutissimmn.This organism is the etiologic factor of erythrasma. It is characterizedby the extreme delicacy and fineness of its threads an

. Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. ri4 MORPHOLOGY OF GYMNOSPERMS and that it is not a symbiont, but rather a parasite against which the cell reacts as a phagocyte. 2. The spore-producing members THE MICROSPORANGIUM All the living cycads are strictly dioecious. The staminate strobili usually occur singly in the center of the crown (fig. 95), but several may appear at once. In Macrozamia Moorei (83), thirty to forty cones are not exceptional, and even a hundred have been counted. The first cone is terminal and subsequent ones lat- eral, except in Encephalartos, Macrozami Stock Photo

RMPG2KGE–. Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. ri4 MORPHOLOGY OF GYMNOSPERMS and that it is not a symbiont, but rather a parasite against which the cell reacts as a phagocyte. 2. The spore-producing members THE MICROSPORANGIUM All the living cycads are strictly dioecious. The staminate strobili usually occur singly in the center of the crown (fig. 95), but several may appear at once. In Macrozamia Moorei (83), thirty to forty cones are not exceptional, and even a hundred have been counted. The first cone is terminal and subsequent ones lat- eral, except in Encephalartos, Macrozami

RFFWE0JG–fungus on sweets the prolonged storage on wood

Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . 133). One or more appendages are borne on the receptacle. These are moreor less filamentous and often elaborately branched. They bear the maleorgans and serve also lor the protection of the delicate trichogyne and perhapsfacilitate fertilization by holding a drop of water around the organs con-cerned. The primary appendage is developed from the upper segment ofthe germinating spore and is terminal; the later formed secondary append-ages, when present, are outgrowths from the cells of the receptacle. The male element is a non-motile cell which as Stock Photo

RM2AN3BEX–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . 133). One or more appendages are borne on the receptacle. These are moreor less filamentous and often elaborately branched. They bear the maleorgans and serve also lor the protection of the delicate trichogyne and perhapsfacilitate fertilization by holding a drop of water around the organs con-cerned. The primary appendage is developed from the upper segment ofthe germinating spore and is terminal; the later formed secondary append-ages, when present, are outgrowths from the cells of the receptacle. The male element is a non-motile cell which as

. Beginners' botany. Botany. THE FLOWER —ITS PARTS AND FORMS 135 flowering dogwood: here the real flowers are several, small and greenish, forming a small cluster in the center. Essential Organs. — The essential organs are of two series. The outer series is composed of the stamens. The inner series is composed of the pistils. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as is readily seen in Figs. 173, 174,—the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short a Stock Photo

RMPG26BM–. Beginners' botany. Botany. THE FLOWER —ITS PARTS AND FORMS 135 flowering dogwood: here the real flowers are several, small and greenish, forming a small cluster in the center. Essential Organs. — The essential organs are of two series. The outer series is composed of the stamens. The inner series is composed of the pistils. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as is readily seen in Figs. 173, 174,—the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short a

RFFWE0JA–fungus on sweets the prolonged storage on wood

Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology, : being a 5th and revedof the Botanical text-book, illustrated with over thirteen hundred woodcuts . s). Low, tufted plants, always with a stemand distinct (sessile) leaves, producing spore-cases which mostlyopen by a terminal lid, and contain innumerable simple spores. Thefertilizing organs, or antheridia, have been elsewhere mentioned. InMosses these accompany the pistillidia; the latter develop into thecapsule, or more properly the sporangium or spore-case. This israrely (in Andraia) dehiscent into four valves, or i Stock Photo

RM2AN1KD5–Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology, : being a 5th and revedof the Botanical text-book, illustrated with over thirteen hundred woodcuts . s). Low, tufted plants, always with a stemand distinct (sessile) leaves, producing spore-cases which mostlyopen by a terminal lid, and contain innumerable simple spores. Thefertilizing organs, or antheridia, have been elsewhere mentioned. InMosses these accompany the pistillidia; the latter develop into thecapsule, or more properly the sporangium or spore-case. This israrely (in Andraia) dehiscent into four valves, or i

. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES IIS Goebel, much the same condition occurs in Porella, the first divisions of the spore give rise to a disc, and the formation of a filament is completely suppressed. This disc is nearly circu- lar in outhne, and at its edge a single large cell appears (Fig. 59, B), whose relation to the primary divisions of the spore is not quite clear. This cell forms the starting-point for the. Fig. 6o.—A, Lejeunia metzgeriopsis, showing the thalloid protonema with terminal leafy buds (& Stock Photo

RMPG05R0–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES IIS Goebel, much the same condition occurs in Porella, the first divisions of the spore give rise to a disc, and the formation of a filament is completely suppressed. This disc is nearly circu- lar in outhne, and at its edge a single large cell appears (Fig. 59, B), whose relation to the primary divisions of the spore is not quite clear. This cell forms the starting-point for the. Fig. 6o.—A, Lejeunia metzgeriopsis, showing the thalloid protonema with terminal leafy buds (&

RFFWE0JF–fungus on sweets the prolonged storage on wood

Fungous diseases of plants . onidia; (2) thick-walled conidia, or chlamydo-spores ; and (3) ascospores. I. The endospores are aninteresting type of spores formedin chains in terminal branches orclusters of branches (Fig. 83, «).These spores are formed by basi-petal septation as short cylindrical cells within the branch. The tipFig. 83. Conidia AND Chlamydo- ^^ ^j^^ ^^^^^^ -^ ^^^j, ^^^^^^ SPORES OF THIELAVIA and they are pushed out by os-motic force, the branch assuming the part of a spore case. Theendospores are distinctly hyaline, and as produced in artificial cul-tures, they may remain unite Stock Photo

RM2AJ6092–Fungous diseases of plants . onidia; (2) thick-walled conidia, or chlamydo-spores ; and (3) ascospores. I. The endospores are aninteresting type of spores formedin chains in terminal branches orclusters of branches (Fig. 83, «).These spores are formed by basi-petal septation as short cylindrical cells within the branch. The tipFig. 83. Conidia AND Chlamydo- ^^ ^j^^ ^^^^^^ -^ ^^^j, ^^^^^^ SPORES OF THIELAVIA and they are pushed out by os-motic force, the branch assuming the part of a spore case. Theendospores are distinctly hyaline, and as produced in artificial cul-tures, they may remain unite

. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EXOBASIDIUM. 425 from each a spindle-shaped spore is abjointed (Fig. 257). The basidiospores divide in water by formation of cross-septa, and a germ-tube arises from each terminal cell. On a young leaf of Vaccinmm the germ-tube penetrates and gives rise to a mycelium (Fig. 258); on other substrata the germ-tube sprouts into several very fine sterigmata, from the extremi- ties of which a series of conidia are abjoint Stock Photo

RMPG4AMB–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EXOBASIDIUM. 425 from each a spindle-shaped spore is abjointed (Fig. 257). The basidiospores divide in water by formation of cross-septa, and a germ-tube arises from each terminal cell. On a young leaf of Vaccinmm the germ-tube penetrates and gives rise to a mycelium (Fig. 258); on other substrata the germ-tube sprouts into several very fine sterigmata, from the extremi- ties of which a series of conidia are abjoint

RFFWE0JE–fungus on sweets the prolonged storage on wood

Ferns: British and exotic.. . nd the nerves beneath pubescent, with diminutive forked hairs; barren fronds more spreading, shorter, and the pinnae placed closer together. Fronds terminal and adherent; both barren and fertile fronds bearing proliferous buds fromVOL. n. D 20 POLYPODTUM GRACILIS. the rachis. The fertile fronds twice the length of the barrenones. Sori uniserial to biserial, the spore cases being surrounded?with forked hairs. Length of frond from twelve to eighteen inches; colour deepgreen. Upper surface polished. A stove Fern. Native of Jamaica. Introduced a few years ago into the Stock Photo

RM2AM8859–Ferns: British and exotic.. . nd the nerves beneath pubescent, with diminutive forked hairs; barren fronds more spreading, shorter, and the pinnae placed closer together. Fronds terminal and adherent; both barren and fertile fronds bearing proliferous buds fromVOL. n. D 20 POLYPODTUM GRACILIS. the rachis. The fertile fronds twice the length of the barrenones. Sori uniserial to biserial, the spore cases being surrounded?with forked hairs. Length of frond from twelve to eighteen inches; colour deepgreen. Upper surface polished. A stove Fern. Native of Jamaica. Introduced a few years ago into the

. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. Fig. 210. Phragmidium subcorticium a and d, caeoma and teleuto stages on rose ; b: c, and e, spore forms usually in small black groups. A teleutospore is more or less spindle-shaped, usually six to eight cells in extent (Fig. 210, e), and each cell is provided with several germ pores. The outer wall of the spore is generally uneven or warty toward the apex, and there is a distinct terminal papilla. The teleutospores measure 65-100 x 30-45 x without the pedicel. The pedicel is pers Stock Photo

RMPG3NK9–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. Fig. 210. Phragmidium subcorticium a and d, caeoma and teleuto stages on rose ; b: c, and e, spore forms usually in small black groups. A teleutospore is more or less spindle-shaped, usually six to eight cells in extent (Fig. 210, e), and each cell is provided with several germ pores. The outer wall of the spore is generally uneven or warty toward the apex, and there is a distinct terminal papilla. The teleutospores measure 65-100 x 30-45 x without the pedicel. The pedicel is pers

RFFWK4E6–fungus on sweets the prolonged storage on wood

The American botanist and florist; including lessons in the structure, life, and growth of plants; together with a simple analytical flora, descriptive of the native and cultivated plants growing in the Atlantic division of the American union . stems, or with whorled branches. Stems striate-sulcate, jointed, fistular between, and separable at, the joints. Sheathsdentate, crowning each internode. Fructification a dense, oblong-cylin-dric, terminal, and cone-like spike, composed of 6-sided, peltate scales,arranged spirally, bearing beneath 4—7 spore-cases, Mhich open laterally.Spores globular, e Stock Photo

RM2AKN477–The American botanist and florist; including lessons in the structure, life, and growth of plants; together with a simple analytical flora, descriptive of the native and cultivated plants growing in the Atlantic division of the American union . stems, or with whorled branches. Stems striate-sulcate, jointed, fistular between, and separable at, the joints. Sheathsdentate, crowning each internode. Fructification a dense, oblong-cylin-dric, terminal, and cone-like spike, composed of 6-sided, peltate scales,arranged spirally, bearing beneath 4—7 spore-cases, Mhich open laterally.Spores globular, e

. Laboratory work in bacteriology. Bacteriology. 50 BACTEKIOLOGY. marked and characteristic forms result. Thus, in the case of a median spore a marked enlargement of the central portion of the cell gives rise to a spindle-shaped form which is known as a Clostridium (Fig. 13 a 2). When the spore is terminal, a corresponding spherical enlargement of the end gives rise to what is known as the " drumstick"' bacillus (Pig. 13 c 2).. Fig. 13. Position of spores; .resultant forms (diagrammatic). a—Median spores; 6—Intermediate spores; dr—Terminal spores: 2 rt, ^,c—Change in form of cell due Stock Photo

RMPG2R71–. Laboratory work in bacteriology. Bacteriology. 50 BACTEKIOLOGY. marked and characteristic forms result. Thus, in the case of a median spore a marked enlargement of the central portion of the cell gives rise to a spindle-shaped form which is known as a Clostridium (Fig. 13 a 2). When the spore is terminal, a corresponding spherical enlargement of the end gives rise to what is known as the " drumstick"' bacillus (Pig. 13 c 2).. Fig. 13. Position of spores; .resultant forms (diagrammatic). a—Median spores; 6—Intermediate spores; dr—Terminal spores: 2 rt, ^,c—Change in form of cell due

Fungous diseases of plants . Fig. 210. Phragmidium suBcoRTiciuMa and </, caeoma and teleuto stages on rose ; /, c, and e^ spore forms usually in small black groups. A teleutospore is more or lessspindle-shaped, usually six to eight cells in extent (Fig. 210, c), andeach cell is provided with several germ pores. The outer wall ofthe spore is generally uneven or warty toward the apex, andthere is a distinct terminal papilla. The teleutospores measure65-100 X 30-45 /A without the pedicel. The pedicel is persistent,swollen at the base, and about as long as the spore. The cells ofthe teleutospor Stock Photo

RM2AJ515T–Fungous diseases of plants . Fig. 210. Phragmidium suBcoRTiciuMa and </, caeoma and teleuto stages on rose ; /, c, and e^ spore forms usually in small black groups. A teleutospore is more or lessspindle-shaped, usually six to eight cells in extent (Fig. 210, c), andeach cell is provided with several germ pores. The outer wall ofthe spore is generally uneven or warty toward the apex, andthere is a distinct terminal papilla. The teleutospores measure65-100 X 30-45 /A without the pedicel. The pedicel is persistent,swollen at the base, and about as long as the spore. The cells ofthe teleutospor

Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . Fig. 90. a. Helvetia crispa (Scop.) Fr.; />? and c. Morchella vulgaris Pers.; after Boudier. nuclear divisions, and finds two chromosomes in the vegetative and four inthe fertile hyphae. Four again appear in the first and second (meiotic)divisions in the ascus, after the second fusion has taken place, and two arerecorded in the telophase of the third division, and in the mitosis in thespore. The ripe spore normally contains eight nuclei. In both species, after an ascus has arisen from the penultimate cell ofa hvpha, the terminal cell may grow Stock Photo

RM2AN3YNA–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . Fig. 90. a. Helvetia crispa (Scop.) Fr.; />? and c. Morchella vulgaris Pers.; after Boudier. nuclear divisions, and finds two chromosomes in the vegetative and four inthe fertile hyphae. Four again appear in the first and second (meiotic)divisions in the ascus, after the second fusion has taken place, and two arerecorded in the telophase of the third division, and in the mitosis in thespore. The ripe spore normally contains eight nuclei. In both species, after an ascus has arisen from the penultimate cell ofa hvpha, the terminal cell may grow

. Fungous diseases of plants, with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . res havebeen commonly found, namely,(i) endosporous conidia; (2) thick-walled conidia, or chlamvdo-spores ; and (3) ascospores. I. The endospores are aninteresting type of spores formedin chains in terminal branches orclusters of branches (Fig. 83, ^).These spores are formed by basi-petal septation as short cylindricalcells within the branch. The tipof the branch is finally brokenand they are pushed out by os-motic force, the branch assuming the part of a spore case. Theendospores are distinctly hyaline, Stock Photo

RM2CDCE15–. Fungous diseases of plants, with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . res havebeen commonly found, namely,(i) endosporous conidia; (2) thick-walled conidia, or chlamvdo-spores ; and (3) ascospores. I. The endospores are aninteresting type of spores formedin chains in terminal branches orclusters of branches (Fig. 83, ^).These spores are formed by basi-petal septation as short cylindricalcells within the branch. The tipof the branch is finally brokenand they are pushed out by os-motic force, the branch assuming the part of a spore case. Theendospores are distinctly hyaline,

. Algæ. Vol. I. Myxophyceæ, Peridinieæ, Bacillarieæ, Chlorophyceæ, together with a brief summary of the occurrence and distribution of freshwat4er Algæ . i:ir<H<irpu Born & Flah. (All xIsO.) /;, heterocyst; gp, resting-spore. 44 Myxophyceae Reproduction takes place by hormogones and by resting-spores. The latter arevariable in shape, and may be solitary or seriate. In Cylindrospermum the spore arisesfrom the cell next the terminal heterocyst (fig. 32 E—G-). About half the species ofNostoc and Cylindrospermum occur in subaerial habitats, but all the other members ofthe family are aquatic. Stock Photo

RM2CDG2CG–. Algæ. Vol. I. Myxophyceæ, Peridinieæ, Bacillarieæ, Chlorophyceæ, together with a brief summary of the occurrence and distribution of freshwat4er Algæ . i:ir<H<irpu Born & Flah. (All xIsO.) /;, heterocyst; gp, resting-spore. 44 Myxophyceae Reproduction takes place by hormogones and by resting-spores. The latter arevariable in shape, and may be solitary or seriate. In Cylindrospermum the spore arisesfrom the cell next the terminal heterocyst (fig. 32 E—G-). About half the species ofNostoc and Cylindrospermum occur in subaerial habitats, but all the other members ofthe family are aquatic.

RM2CHC0NR–. Algæ. Vol. I. Myxophyceæ, Peridinieæ, Bacillarieæ, Chlorophyceæ, together with a brief summary of the occurrence and distribution of freshwat4er Algæ . , Cylindrospermumstaynale (Kiitz.) Born. & Flah. H, Nodu-laria sphserocarpa Born & Flah. (All x480.) h, heterocyst; sp, resting-spore. 44 Myxophycese Reproduction takes place by hormogones and by resting-spores. The latter arevariable in shape, and may be solitary or seriate. In Cylindrospermum the spore arisesfrom the cell next the terminal heterocyst (fig. 32 E—G). About half the species ofNostoc and Cylindrospermum occur in subaerial habit

. Fungous diseases of plants, with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fig. 210. Fhragmidium subcorticiuma and d^ caeoma and teleuto stages on rose ; b^ c, and r, spore forms usually in small black groups. A teleutospore is more or lessspindle-shaped, usually six to eight cells in extent (Fig. 210, e), andeach cell is provided with several germ pores. The outer wall ofthe spore is generally uneven or warty toward the apex, andthere is a distinct terminal papilla. The teleutospores measure65-100 X 30-45 />t without the pedicel. The pedicel is persistent,swollen at the bas Stock Photo

RM2CDCAPP–. Fungous diseases of plants, with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fig. 210. Fhragmidium subcorticiuma and d^ caeoma and teleuto stages on rose ; b^ c, and r, spore forms usually in small black groups. A teleutospore is more or lessspindle-shaped, usually six to eight cells in extent (Fig. 210, e), andeach cell is provided with several germ pores. The outer wall ofthe spore is generally uneven or warty toward the apex, andthere is a distinct terminal papilla. The teleutospores measure65-100 X 30-45 />t without the pedicel. The pedicel is persistent,swollen at the bas

. The book of choice ferns for the garden, conservatory. and stove : describing and giving explicit cultural directions for the best and most striking ferns and selaginellas in cultivation. Illustrated with coloured plates amd numerous wood engravings. Identification; Ferns. 602 THE BOOK OF CHOICE FERNS. slightly undulated. The texture is thin and papery and the colour deep green. The broad and distant sori (spore masses) do not reach either the edge or the midrib. In some fully-developed specimens the terminal leaflet is 1ft. long, considerably sinuated (wavy) upwards and proliferous (bud- be Stock Photo

RMRHDFN1–. The book of choice ferns for the garden, conservatory. and stove : describing and giving explicit cultural directions for the best and most striking ferns and selaginellas in cultivation. Illustrated with coloured plates amd numerous wood engravings. Identification; Ferns. 602 THE BOOK OF CHOICE FERNS. slightly undulated. The texture is thin and papery and the colour deep green. The broad and distant sori (spore masses) do not reach either the edge or the midrib. In some fully-developed specimens the terminal leaflet is 1ft. long, considerably sinuated (wavy) upwards and proliferous (bud- be

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—USTILAGINEAE. J 75 abjunction; all the sporogenous hyphae divide, according to Winter, by transverse walls arising from the extremities of their curved terminal branches in basipetal succession into short members, which develope into spores united together in pairs. The development of the spores of Ustilago may be briefly described in about the same words, only in this case the ripe spore-cells are not united in couples, but are isolated and fre Stock Photo

RMREFBTH–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—USTILAGINEAE. J 75 abjunction; all the sporogenous hyphae divide, according to Winter, by transverse walls arising from the extremities of their curved terminal branches in basipetal succession into short members, which develope into spores united together in pairs. The development of the spores of Ustilago may be briefly described in about the same words, only in this case the ripe spore-cells are not united in couples, but are isolated and fre

RMRDBTK6–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.— COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—VSTILAGINEAE. ^15 abjunction; all the sporogenous hyphae divide, according to Winter, by transverse walls arising from the extremities of their curved terminal branches in basipetal succession into short members, which develope into spores united together in pairs. The development of the spores of TTstilago may be briefly desciibed in about the same words, only in this case the ripe spore-cells are. not united in couples, but are isolat

RMRDD1K0–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—PERONOSPOREAE. ^37 and especially of genera, may be taken chiefly from the gonidial formations, while the few species which have no gonidia are not easily classified. The main features in the formation of gonidia in the genera and subgenera of the Peronosporeae are as follows :— Pythimn. A persistent cell, usually the terminal cell of a branch, is delimited by a transverse wall and becomes a spore-mother-cell (sporangium). The gelatinous

. British marine algae : being a popular account of the seaweeds of Great Britain, their collection and preservation. Marine algae. IU10D0SPERME.E. 131 within the margin. A vertical cutting of one of the tubercles or coccidia of this species, very highly magnified, is represented at c. Fig. 117. The spores are developed in the terminal cells of the branched threads which arise from a placenta, or basal projection, in the centre of the tubercle. The arrangement of the spore-threads and production of the spores at their tips, is very similar in the coccidia of the Delesserice, but the form is a Stock Photo

RMRH30PJ–. British marine algae : being a popular account of the seaweeds of Great Britain, their collection and preservation. Marine algae. IU10D0SPERME.E. 131 within the margin. A vertical cutting of one of the tubercles or coccidia of this species, very highly magnified, is represented at c. Fig. 117. The spores are developed in the terminal cells of the branched threads which arise from a placenta, or basal projection, in the centre of the tubercle. The arrangement of the spore-threads and production of the spores at their tips, is very similar in the coccidia of the Delesserice, but the form is a

. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. ZYGOMYCETES 107 This line of development is continued through Chaetostylum Fresenii (Thamnidum chaetocladioides). Here, under unfavorable conditions of nourishment, the terminal sporangia abort (Fig. 64, 6) and only with adequate nourishment again bear true apical sporangia (Fig. 64, 5). In these two species the terminal sporangia already have declined in number, as the sporangioles predominate, while in Chaetocladium they disappear entirely, never to reappear. In this genus, the sporangi- oles also degenerate. They become monosporous so that the spore Stock Photo

RMREE3YY–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. ZYGOMYCETES 107 This line of development is continued through Chaetostylum Fresenii (Thamnidum chaetocladioides). Here, under unfavorable conditions of nourishment, the terminal sporangia abort (Fig. 64, 6) and only with adequate nourishment again bear true apical sporangia (Fig. 64, 5). In these two species the terminal sporangia already have declined in number, as the sporangioles predominate, while in Chaetocladium they disappear entirely, never to reappear. In this genus, the sporangi- oles also degenerate. They become monosporous so that the spore

. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALES 157 long hairs around the ostiole, and from the Sphaeriaceae in the habitat and type of spore. The mycehum is in most cases composed of multinucleate cells, but in Podospora hirsuta the cells are uninucleate (fig. 115), recalling the condition in several species of Chaetomium. The commonest type of archicarp is a stout, coiled, septate hypha which soon becomes surrounded by vegetative filaments; it is usually terminal, but is occasionally intercalary, for instance in Sordaria fimicola. Dangeard has found a straight archicar Stock Photo

RMRDTNBB–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALES 157 long hairs around the ostiole, and from the Sphaeriaceae in the habitat and type of spore. The mycehum is in most cases composed of multinucleate cells, but in Podospora hirsuta the cells are uninucleate (fig. 115), recalling the condition in several species of Chaetomium. The commonest type of archicarp is a stout, coiled, septate hypha which soon becomes surrounded by vegetative filaments; it is usually terminal, but is occasionally intercalary, for instance in Sordaria fimicola. Dangeard has found a straight archicar

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—PERONOSPOREAE. 137 and especially of genera, may be taken chiefly from the gonidial formations, while the few species which have no gonidia are not easily classified. The main features in the formation of gonidia in the genera and subgenera of the Peronosporeae are as follows :— Fythium. A persistent cell, usually the terminal cell of a branch, is delimited by a transverse wall and becomes a spore-mother-cell (sporangium). The gelatinously thick Stock Photo

RMREFC6N–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—PERONOSPOREAE. 137 and especially of genera, may be taken chiefly from the gonidial formations, while the few species which have no gonidia are not easily classified. The main features in the formation of gonidia in the genera and subgenera of the Peronosporeae are as follows :— Fythium. A persistent cell, usually the terminal cell of a branch, is delimited by a transverse wall and becomes a spore-mother-cell (sporangium). The gelatinously thick

. Manual of bacteriology for practitioners and students, with especial references to practical methods. Bacteriology. MOULDS 11 of the hyphse covered with a variable number of spore- carriers, or sterigmata, from the extremities of which the spores divide off in rows (fig. 3). The hyphae of the penicilliacem (pencil-moulds) are branched, which is not the case with the mucor and asper- G-roup of buds (gemmation) Mother-cell Vacuole Fig. 6.—Yeast Cells (Saccharomyces Geremsim). Magnified 900 times. gillus varieties, and on the terminal twigs of the tuft so formed (the basidia) are seen the st Stock Photo

RMRE49N5–. Manual of bacteriology for practitioners and students, with especial references to practical methods. Bacteriology. MOULDS 11 of the hyphse covered with a variable number of spore- carriers, or sterigmata, from the extremities of which the spores divide off in rows (fig. 3). The hyphae of the penicilliacem (pencil-moulds) are branched, which is not the case with the mucor and asper- G-roup of buds (gemmation) Mother-cell Vacuole Fig. 6.—Yeast Cells (Saccharomyces Geremsim). Magnified 900 times. gillus varieties, and on the terminal twigs of the tuft so formed (the basidia) are seen the st

RMRDG95J–. Morphology of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms; Plant morphology. ri4 MORPHOLOGY OF GYMNOSPERMS and that it is not a symbiont, but rather a parasite against which the cell reacts as a phagocyte. 2. The spore-producing members THE MICROSPORANGIUM All the living cycads are strictly dioecious. The staminate strobili usually occur singly in the center of the crown (fig. 95), but several may appear at once. In Macrozamia Moorei (83), thirty to forty cones are not exceptional, and even a hundred have been counted. The first cone is terminal and subsequent ones lat- eral, except in Encephalartos, Macrozami

RMRHY3XJ–. Beginners' botany. Botany. THE FLOWER —ITS PARTS AND FORMS 135 flowering dogwood: here the real flowers are several, small and greenish, forming a small cluster in the center. Essential Organs. — The essential organs are of two series. The outer series is composed of the stamens. The inner series is composed of the pistils. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as is readily seen in Figs. 173, 174, — the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. In compound spores each merispore germinates in the same way as a simple spore or has the power of doing so (see Fig. 59 C). It is not uncommon to see a germ-tube proceeding from almost every merispore, even where they are many in number, as in Pleospora herbarum and Cucurbitaria Labium. Sometimes certain merispores only germinate as a rule, and if the cells are arranged in a simple row his is usually the case with one or both the terminal cells of the row, as in Melogramma B Stock Photo

RMREFC9G–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. In compound spores each merispore germinates in the same way as a simple spore or has the power of doing so (see Fig. 59 C). It is not uncommon to see a germ-tube proceeding from almost every merispore, even where they are many in number, as in Pleospora herbarum and Cucurbitaria Labium. Sometimes certain merispores only germinate as a rule, and if the cells are arranged in a simple row his is usually the case with one or both the terminal cells of the row, as in Melogramma B

. Bacteria : especially as they are related to the economy of nature, to industrial processes and to the public health. Bacteriology; Bacteriology. o o * A > H Various forms of Spore Formation and Flagella A. Stages in formation of spore and its after development. B. Spirillum with terminal flagella. general rule is undoubtedly that one bacillus produces one spore, and one spore germinates into one bacillus. It is a re- production, not a multiplication. Indeed, the whole process is of the nature of a resting stage, and is due (a) to the arrival of the adult bacillus at its biological zenith Stock Photo

RMRJNFKW–. Bacteria : especially as they are related to the economy of nature, to industrial processes and to the public health. Bacteriology; Bacteriology. o o * A > H Various forms of Spore Formation and Flagella A. Stages in formation of spore and its after development. B. Spirillum with terminal flagella. general rule is undoubtedly that one bacillus produces one spore, and one spore germinates into one bacillus. It is a re- production, not a multiplication. Indeed, the whole process is of the nature of a resting stage, and is due (a) to the arrival of the adult bacillus at its biological zenith

. Pharmaceutical bacteriology. Bacteriology; Disinfection and disinfectants. 298 PHARMACEUTICAL BACTERIOLOGY 2. Discomyces madurcB. (Mycetoma). Causes the cattle disease known as madura foot, which can be transmitted to man. Essentially a tropical disease. Two varieties (black and white) of the disease are reported. 3. Malassezia furfur. This is the fungus which causes a skin dis- ease (Tinea versicolor) which is quite common in tropical as well as in temperate climates.. Fig. 73.—-Three terminal hypae showing the characteristic spore formation of Peni- cillium glaucum. This fungus is a true s Stock Photo

RMRE4M1A–. Pharmaceutical bacteriology. Bacteriology; Disinfection and disinfectants. 298 PHARMACEUTICAL BACTERIOLOGY 2. Discomyces madurcB. (Mycetoma). Causes the cattle disease known as madura foot, which can be transmitted to man. Essentially a tropical disease. Two varieties (black and white) of the disease are reported. 3. Malassezia furfur. This is the fungus which causes a skin dis- ease (Tinea versicolor) which is quite common in tropical as well as in temperate climates.. Fig. 73.—-Three terminal hypae showing the characteristic spore formation of Peni- cillium glaucum. This fungus is a true s

. Botany; principles and problems. Botany. Fig. 173.—Spore production in a basidiomycete. ^, cross section of a few of the gills of a mushroom. B, a portion of the surface of one of the gills, much enlarged. The stout cells are basidia. Each of them bears four basidiospores on slender stalks or sterigmata. The lowest basidiuna has shed its spores. Basidiomycetes or Basidia Fungi.—Like the Ascomycetes, this is a very large and varied group containing over 20,000 species. Its specialized reproductive structure, the basidium (Fig. 173), is the swollen terminal cell of a hypha and typically bears Stock Photo

RMRH83H4–. Botany; principles and problems. Botany. Fig. 173.—Spore production in a basidiomycete. ^, cross section of a few of the gills of a mushroom. B, a portion of the surface of one of the gills, much enlarged. The stout cells are basidia. Each of them bears four basidiospores on slender stalks or sterigmata. The lowest basidiuna has shed its spores. Basidiomycetes or Basidia Fungi.—Like the Ascomycetes, this is a very large and varied group containing over 20,000 species. Its specialized reproductive structure, the basidium (Fig. 173), is the swollen terminal cell of a hypha and typically bears

. Botany; an elementary text for schools. Plants. 254. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as readily seen in Figs. 187, 188, 189,—the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short as to seem to be absent, and the anther is then said to be sessile. The anther bears the pollen spores. It is made up of two or four parts (known as sporangia or spore-cases), which burst and discharge the pollen. When the pollen is shed, the stamen dies. 255. Pistils hea Stock Photo

RMRH9GBX–. Botany; an elementary text for schools. Plants. 254. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as readily seen in Figs. 187, 188, 189,—the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short as to seem to be absent, and the anther is then said to be sessile. The anther bears the pollen spores. It is made up of two or four parts (known as sporangia or spore-cases), which burst and discharge the pollen. When the pollen is shed, the stamen dies. 255. Pistils hea

RMRHY533–. Beginners botany. Botany. THE FLOWER —ITS PARTS AND FORMS 135 flowering dogwood: here the real flowers are several, small and greenish, forming a small cluster in the centre. Essential Organs. — The essential organs are of two series. The outer series is composed of the stamens. The inner series is composed of the pistils. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as is readily seen in Figs. 173, 174,—the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short as

. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 55 — the teeth when wet curve inwards so strongly that the columella is pressed against the mouth of the capsule, closing it effectually. Five minutes study, however, will show any one that the teeth do not curve in when wet but instead straighten up and outwards; the columella also expands and becomes of nearly the same diameter as the capsule. This makes the open- ings lateral instead of terminal. The teeth expand enough laterally so that not a single drop of water can enter or a spore escape. In addition the spores seem to b Stock Photo

RMRH2MMY–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 55 — the teeth when wet curve inwards so strongly that the columella is pressed against the mouth of the capsule, closing it effectually. Five minutes study, however, will show any one that the teeth do not curve in when wet but instead straighten up and outwards; the columella also expands and becomes of nearly the same diameter as the capsule. This makes the open- ings lateral instead of terminal. The teeth expand enough laterally so that not a single drop of water can enter or a spore escape. In addition the spores seem to b

. Botany, an elementary text for schools. Botany. 254. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as readily seen in Figs. 187, 188, 189,— the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short as to seem to be absent, and the anther is then said to be sessile. The anther bears the pollen spores. It is made up of two or four parts (known as sporangia or spore-cases), which burst and discharge the pollen. When the pollen is shed, the stamen dies. 255. Pistils he Stock Photo

RMRH9GFW–. Botany, an elementary text for schools. Botany. 254. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as readily seen in Figs. 187, 188, 189,— the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short as to seem to be absent, and the anther is then said to be sessile. The anther bears the pollen spores. It is made up of two or four parts (known as sporangia or spore-cases), which burst and discharge the pollen. When the pollen is shed, the stamen dies. 255. Pistils he

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. ' '4 DIVISION I.—GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. In compound spores each merispore germinates in the same way as a simple spore or has the power of doing so (see Fig. 59 C). It is not uncommon to see a germ-tube proceeding from almost every merispore, even where they are many in number, as in Pleospora herbarum and Cucurbitaria Labium. Sometimes certain merispores only germinate as a rule, and if the cells are arranged in a simple row his is usually the case with one or both the terminal Stock Photo

RMREFC9W–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. ' '4 DIVISION I.—GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. In compound spores each merispore germinates in the same way as a simple spore or has the power of doing so (see Fig. 59 C). It is not uncommon to see a germ-tube proceeding from almost every merispore, even where they are many in number, as in Pleospora herbarum and Cucurbitaria Labium. Sometimes certain merispores only germinate as a rule, and if the cells are arranged in a simple row his is usually the case with one or both the terminal

RMRDAMGA–. Beginners' botany. Botany. THE FLOWER —ITS PARTS AND FORMS 135 flowering dogwood: here the real flowers are several, small and greenish, forming a small cluster in the center. Essential Organs. — The essential organs are of two series. The outer series is composed of the stamens. The inner series is composed of the pistils. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as is readily seen in Figs. 173, 174,—the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short a

. Senescence and rejuvenescence. Age; Reproduction. AGE CYCLE IN PLANTS AND LOWER ANIMALS 249 viduals. Various investigators, prominent among whom is Klebs/ have investigated and analyzed the external conditions which determine spore formation in the algae and fungi, and the results of their work agree well with this idea.. Figs. 106-108.—^Formation of spores in lower fungi: Fig. 106, a terminal cell of Saprolegnia producing zoospores; Fig. 107, A-C, three stages in the development of the sporangium in Mucor; Fig. 108, branches of the sporophore of Penicillium, pro- ducing series of conidia. F Stock Photo

RMRE0C33–. Senescence and rejuvenescence. Age; Reproduction. AGE CYCLE IN PLANTS AND LOWER ANIMALS 249 viduals. Various investigators, prominent among whom is Klebs/ have investigated and analyzed the external conditions which determine spore formation in the algae and fungi, and the results of their work agree well with this idea.. Figs. 106-108.—^Formation of spores in lower fungi: Fig. 106, a terminal cell of Saprolegnia producing zoospores; Fig. 107, A-C, three stages in the development of the sporangium in Mucor; Fig. 108, branches of the sporophore of Penicillium, pro- ducing series of conidia. F

. Botany; an elementary text for schools. Plants. J2. Coiupouud pis- til of a St. John's- wort. It has 5 ear- pels.. 254. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as readily seen in Figs. 187, 188, 189,—the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short as to seem to be absent, and the anther is then said to be sessile. The anther bears the pollen spores. It is made up of two or four parts (known as sporangia or spore-cases), which burst and discharge the Stock Photo

RMRH9GCE–. Botany; an elementary text for schools. Plants. J2. Coiupouud pis- til of a St. John's- wort. It has 5 ear- pels.. 254. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as readily seen in Figs. 187, 188, 189,—the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short as to seem to be absent, and the anther is then said to be sessile. The anther bears the pollen spores. It is made up of two or four parts (known as sporangia or spore-cases), which burst and discharge the

. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. LIFE HISTORY OF A FERN 157 a clearly differentiated region, the annulus, composed of cells whose radial and inner cell-walls are greatly thick- ened. Various types of spore-cases are illustrated in. Fig. 117.—Sporangia of an undetermined species of fern; U, lip-eelis; an, annulus; st, stalk; sp, mature spores. Each of the four nuclei in the upper cells of the stalk is in the terminal cell of one of the four rows of cells that compose the stalk. Fig. 118. Among the group of ferns which are now most common, and to which the bracken fern (or "brake"), t Stock Photo

RMRE36Y4–. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. LIFE HISTORY OF A FERN 157 a clearly differentiated region, the annulus, composed of cells whose radial and inner cell-walls are greatly thick- ened. Various types of spore-cases are illustrated in. Fig. 117.—Sporangia of an undetermined species of fern; U, lip-eelis; an, annulus; st, stalk; sp, mature spores. Each of the four nuclei in the upper cells of the stalk is in the terminal cell of one of the four rows of cells that compose the stalk. Fig. 118. Among the group of ferns which are now most common, and to which the bracken fern (or "brake"), t

. The commonly occurring wild plants of Canada and more especially of the province of Ontario [microform] : a flora for the use of beginners. Botany; Wild flowers; Plants; Botanique; Fleurs sauvages; Plantes. xxvi KBt TO USB ORDEBai SERIES n. CRYPTOGAMS. Plants without stamens and pistils, reproducing themselves by spores instead of seeds. CLASS in. ACROGEKS. Stems containing vascular as well as cellular tissue. FiLicES.—Spores produced on the fronds. .. • .^ 154 Equisetace^.—Spores produced on the under side of the shield-shaped scales of a terminal spike or cone. .. 16C Ltoofodiace^.—Spore-c Stock Photo

RMRJ30CY–. The commonly occurring wild plants of Canada and more especially of the province of Ontario [microform] : a flora for the use of beginners. Botany; Wild flowers; Plants; Botanique; Fleurs sauvages; Plantes. xxvi KBt TO USB ORDEBai SERIES n. CRYPTOGAMS. Plants without stamens and pistils, reproducing themselves by spores instead of seeds. CLASS in. ACROGEKS. Stems containing vascular as well as cellular tissue. FiLicES.—Spores produced on the fronds. .. • .^ 154 Equisetace^.—Spores produced on the under side of the shield-shaped scales of a terminal spike or cone. .. 16C Ltoofodiace^.—Spore-c

. The beginnings of life: being some account of the nature, modes of origin and transformation of lower organisms. Life -- Origin. THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE. blackish tint. Near the base of the enlargement the a.. FIG. 6. Formation of Spore in Vaucheria. (Hassall.) a, b, c, d. Successive changes in one of terminal filaments prior to the separation of the spore. e. Spore emerging from ruptured extremity of filament. /. Spore immediately after separation. g. Spore at later stage, larger and ciliated. h. Later still, showing changes which precede germination. /, k. Commencing growth of filaments fro Stock Photo

RMRJGGHN–. The beginnings of life: being some account of the nature, modes of origin and transformation of lower organisms. Life -- Origin. THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE. blackish tint. Near the base of the enlargement the a.. FIG. 6. Formation of Spore in Vaucheria. (Hassall.) a, b, c, d. Successive changes in one of terminal filaments prior to the separation of the spore. e. Spore emerging from ruptured extremity of filament. /. Spore immediately after separation. g. Spore at later stage, larger and ciliated. h. Later still, showing changes which precede germination. /, k. Commencing growth of filaments fro

. Creation by evolution; a consensus of present-day knowledge as set forth by leading authorities in non-technical language that all may understand. Evolution. Fig, 7.—Scotch pine {Vhms sylvestris). Terminal parts of leafy branches, with spore-bearing leaves in "cones" at the tips of lateral branches. As the cones mature during the first year their stalks bend down. The cones at the right are one year old. The pine tree is the sporophyte, corresponding to the stalked spore case of the moss (Fig. 4). Reproduced, by permission, from Gager's Fundamentals of Botany, published by P. Blaki Stock Photo

RMRE5YF6–. Creation by evolution; a consensus of present-day knowledge as set forth by leading authorities in non-technical language that all may understand. Evolution. Fig, 7.—Scotch pine {Vhms sylvestris). Terminal parts of leafy branches, with spore-bearing leaves in "cones" at the tips of lateral branches. As the cones mature during the first year their stalks bend down. The cones at the right are one year old. The pine tree is the sporophyte, corresponding to the stalked spore case of the moss (Fig. 4). Reproduced, by permission, from Gager's Fundamentals of Botany, published by P. Blaki

. Botany, an elementary text for schools. Botany. 192. Compouiui til of a St. John's- wort. It has 5 car- pels.. 254. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as readily seen in Figs. 187, 188, 189,— the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short as to seem to be absent, and the anther is then said to be sessile. The anther bears the pollen spores. It is made up of two or four parts (known as sporangia or spore-cases), which burst and discharge the po Stock Photo

RMRH9GGC–. Botany, an elementary text for schools. Botany. 192. Compouiui til of a St. John's- wort. It has 5 car- pels.. 254. Stamens bear the pollen, which is made up of grains or spores, each spore usually being a single plant cell. The stamen is of two parts, as readily seen in Figs. 187, 188, 189,— the enlarged terminal part or anther, and the stalk or filament. The filament is often so short as to seem to be absent, and the anther is then said to be sessile. The anther bears the pollen spores. It is made up of two or four parts (known as sporangia or spore-cases), which burst and discharge the po

$. Bacteriology and the public health. Bacteriology; Public health. MODES OF REPRODUCTION 13 t -^T' and one spore germinates fig. 4.-diageams of variods fokms of spobe formation into one bacillus. It is a ^™ ^lagella. T ,. , 1 A. stages in formation of spore and its after development. reproduction, not a mui- b. Spirlllum with terminal flagella. tipUcation. Indeed, the whole process is of the nature of a resting stage, and is due {a) to the arrival of the adult bacillus at its biological zenith, or (6) to the con- ditions in which it finds itself being unfavourable to further vegeta- tive growt Stock Photo$

RMRE3HFT–. Bacteriology and the public health. Bacteriology; Public health. MODES OF REPRODUCTION 13 t -^T' and one spore germinates fig. 4.-diageams of variods fokms of spobe formation into one bacillus. It is a ^™ ^lagella. T ,. , 1 A. stages in formation of spore and its after development. reproduction, not a mui- b. Spirlllum with terminal flagella. tipUcation. Indeed, the whole process is of the nature of a resting stage, and is due {a) to the arrival of the adult bacillus at its biological zenith, or (6) to the con- ditions in which it finds itself being unfavourable to further vegeta- tive growt

. The commonly occuring wild plants of Canada, and more especially of the province of Ontario : a flora for the use of beginners. Botany; Botany; Plants. XXVI KEY TO THE ORDERS. SERIES 11. CRYPTOGAMS. Plants without stameus and pistils, reproducing themselves by spores instead of seeds. CLASS III. ACROGEXS. Stems containing vascular as well as cellular tissue. FiLiCES.—Spores produced on the fronds. .. .. ... 154 Equisetace^.—Spores produced on the under side of the shield-shaped scales of a terminal spike or cone. .. 160 LYCCPODIACE.E.—Spore-cases produced in the axils of the simple leaes or Stock Photo

RMREGE19–. The commonly occuring wild plants of Canada, and more especially of the province of Ontario : a flora for the use of beginners. Botany; Botany; Plants. XXVI KEY TO THE ORDERS. SERIES 11. CRYPTOGAMS. Plants without stameus and pistils, reproducing themselves by spores instead of seeds. CLASS III. ACROGEXS. Stems containing vascular as well as cellular tissue. FiLiCES.—Spores produced on the fronds. .. .. ... 154 Equisetace^.—Spores produced on the under side of the shield-shaped scales of a terminal spike or cone. .. 160 LYCCPODIACE.E.—Spore-cases produced in the axils of the simple leaes or

RMRDF39F–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES IIS Goebel, much the same condition occurs in Porella, the first divisions of the spore give rise to a disc, and the formation of a filament is completely suppressed. This disc is nearly circu- lar in outhne, and at its edge a single large cell appears (Fig. 59, B), whose relation to the primary divisions of the spore is not quite clear. This cell forms the starting-point for the. Fig. 6o.—A, Lejeunia metzgeriopsis, showing the thalloid protonema with terminal leafy buds (&

. Atlas and principles of bacteriology and text-book of special bacteriologic diagnosis. Bacteriology. 464 HIGHER FISSION-FUNGI. thread (where it is fixed) is wider and stronger. Also the height of the individual cells varies from one-half to four times the thickness, square forms being most common (Fig. 27, a and e). Sometimes the terminal cell of a thread is large and oval (like a spore), in which case a deeper cell grows out laterally. Propagation occurs through a peculiar breaking up of the cells at the end of a thread into fragments. Cohn dis- tinguishes two types: (a) Formation of microg Stock Photo

RMRE1YYC–. Atlas and principles of bacteriology and text-book of special bacteriologic diagnosis. Bacteriology. 464 HIGHER FISSION-FUNGI. thread (where it is fixed) is wider and stronger. Also the height of the individual cells varies from one-half to four times the thickness, square forms being most common (Fig. 27, a and e). Sometimes the terminal cell of a thread is large and oval (like a spore), in which case a deeper cell grows out laterally. Propagation occurs through a peculiar breaking up of the cells at the end of a thread into fragments. Cohn dis- tinguishes two types: (a) Formation of microg

RMRDC12K–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EXOBASIDIUM. 425 from each a spindle-shaped spore is abjointed (Fig. 257). The basidiospores divide in water by formation of cross-septa, and a germ-tube arises from each terminal cell. On a young leaf of Vaccinmm the germ-tube penetrates and gives rise to a mycelium (Fig. 258); on other substrata the germ-tube sprouts into several very fine sterigmata, from the extremi- ties of which a series of conidia are abjoint

. The actinomycetes. Actinomycetales. GROUPS AND SPECIES OF GENUS STREPTOMYCES 103. Figure 30. Spore formation in Streptomyces species (Reproduced from: Shinobu, H. Mem. Osaka Univ. Lib. Arts and Ed. B. Nat. Sci. 7. L958). terminal portion of the branching hyphae. Series 10. Monoverticillate, straighl to Series 1. Sporophores straighl to flexu- flexuous. ous. Scries 11. Monoverticillate, spirals. Scries 2. Sporophores form open loops. Series 12. Biverticillate, straighl to flexu- Series 3. Sporophores form spirals. ous. Section 11. Aerial mycelium branches in tuft Series :. Biverticillate, s Stock Photo

RMRR30JN–. The actinomycetes. Actinomycetales. GROUPS AND SPECIES OF GENUS STREPTOMYCES 103. Figure 30. Spore formation in Streptomyces species (Reproduced from: Shinobu, H. Mem. Osaka Univ. Lib. Arts and Ed. B. Nat. Sci. 7. L958). terminal portion of the branching hyphae. Series 10. Monoverticillate, straighl to Series 1. Sporophores straighl to flexu- flexuous. ous. Scries 11. Monoverticillate, spirals. Scries 2. Sporophores form open loops. Series 12. Biverticillate, straighl to flexu- Series 3. Sporophores form spirals. ous. Section 11. Aerial mycelium branches in tuft Series :. Biverticillate, s

. The algae. Algae. EUPHYCOPHYTA 251 to give a large fusion cell. The diploid nucleus divides many times and the daughter nuclei each pass into lobes that are budded off from the fusion cell. Each lobe gives rise to a short gonimoblast filament, the terminal cell of which produces a pear-shaped carpo- spore, whilst the subterminal cell gives rise to a new^ two-celled carpospore branch. In this way numerous carpospores are pro- duced. The wall of the cystocarp is two-layered, the inner wall being formed directly by cells derived from pericentral cells. The cells of the inner wall divide tangent Stock Photo

RMRPWN3C–. The algae. Algae. EUPHYCOPHYTA 251 to give a large fusion cell. The diploid nucleus divides many times and the daughter nuclei each pass into lobes that are budded off from the fusion cell. Each lobe gives rise to a short gonimoblast filament, the terminal cell of which produces a pear-shaped carpo- spore, whilst the subterminal cell gives rise to a new^ two-celled carpospore branch. In this way numerous carpospores are pro- duced. The wall of the cystocarp is two-layered, the inner wall being formed directly by cells derived from pericentral cells. The cells of the inner wall divide tangent

. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 600 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI and terminal growth, these spores develop indefinitely into easily dissoci- able sprout mycelia (Fig. 395, 4, 8 and 9), with slightly ellipsoidal, uni- nuclear cells, which continue budding until food is exhausted. In U. violacea and Testicularia Cyperi, the whole promycelium may be loosened from the smut spore and, lying free in the nutrient solution, may sprout further. When the food is exhausted, the sprout cells form long fine filaments on the surface so that in some forms, as U. zeae (Fig. 396, 2 and 3), a white Stock Photo

RMREF5N1–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 600 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI and terminal growth, these spores develop indefinitely into easily dissoci- able sprout mycelia (Fig. 395, 4, 8 and 9), with slightly ellipsoidal, uni- nuclear cells, which continue budding until food is exhausted. In U. violacea and Testicularia Cyperi, the whole promycelium may be loosened from the smut spore and, lying free in the nutrient solution, may sprout further. When the food is exhausted, the sprout cells form long fine filaments on the surface so that in some forms, as U. zeae (Fig. 396, 2 and 3), a white

RMRDJ5PD–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. Fig. 210. Phragmidium subcorticium a and d, caeoma and teleuto stages on rose ; b: c, and e, spore forms usually in small black groups. A teleutospore is more or less spindle-shaped, usually six to eight cells in extent (Fig. 210, e), and each cell is provided with several germ pores. The outer wall of the spore is generally uneven or warty toward the apex, and there is a distinct terminal papilla. The teleutospores measure 65-100 x 30-45 x without the pedicel. The pedicel is pers

RMRDG0TJ–. Laboratory work in bacteriology. Bacteriology. 50 BACTEKIOLOGY. marked and characteristic forms result. Thus, in the case of a median spore a marked enlargement of the central portion of the cell gives rise to a spindle-shaped form which is known as a Clostridium (Fig. 13 a 2). When the spore is terminal, a corresponding spherical enlargement of the end gives rise to what is known as the " drumstick"' bacillus (Pig. 13 c 2).. Fig. 13. Position of spores; .resultant forms (diagrammatic). a—Median spores; 6—Intermediate spores; dr—Terminal spores: 2 rt, ^,c—Change in form of cell due

. Atlas de microbiologie ... Roussel, Georges; Microbiology. 7S LA TEIGNE TIUCHOPHYTIQUE Ces fuseaux peuvent dans une grappe occuper la place d'une spore ou celle du pÃ©dicule de la grappe (fig. 140). Beaucoup sont terminÃ©es par un Ã©peron saillant. Leur forme variable, leur enveloppe Ã©paisse Ã double contour, leur siÃ¨ge souvent terminal â¢ â¢ . Â«Su â¢ wf v ** â¢â .*. Â£>-" Â«ai, Fig. 141. Chlamydospore terminale (gr. 500 diain.). au mycÃ©lium (fig. 141) et ce fait que les fuseaux sont plus nombreux quand la culture est vieille et qu'elle souffre, enfin leur nombre inver- sement Stock Photo

RMRJYG3D–. Atlas de microbiologie ... Roussel, Georges; Microbiology. 7S LA TEIGNE TIUCHOPHYTIQUE Ces fuseaux peuvent dans une grappe occuper la place d'une spore ou celle du pÃ©dicule de la grappe (fig. 140). Beaucoup sont terminÃ©es par un Ã©peron saillant. Leur forme variable, leur enveloppe Ã©paisse Ã double contour, leur siÃ¨ge souvent terminal â¢ â¢ . Â«Su â¢ wf v ** â¢â .*. Â£>-" Â«ai, Fig. 141. Chlamydospore terminale (gr. 500 diain.). au mycÃ©lium (fig. 141) et ce fait que les fuseaux sont plus nombreux quand la culture est vieille et qu'elle souffre, enfin leur nombre inver- sement

. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botaniques. 82 LOUIS PLANCHON, spore est presque toujours aussi foncée ou à peu près, que celle des autres. Les cultures en cellules montrent bien ces résultats. Le nombre des spores de la série est fort variable ; quel- quefois 2 ou 3, souvent 12 ou 14. Le bouton terminal indique la dernière. La forme est toujours celle d'une poire, mais tantôt le col en est court et en contact immédiat avec la spore sui- vante (les éléments sont ainsi très rapprochés), tantôt ce col s'allonge davantage et les parties renflées sont plus séparées, la série restant toujours trè Stock Photo

RMRMWH74–. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botaniques. 82 LOUIS PLANCHON, spore est presque toujours aussi foncée ou à peu près, que celle des autres. Les cultures en cellules montrent bien ces résultats. Le nombre des spores de la série est fort variable ; quel- quefois 2 ou 3, souvent 12 ou 14. Le bouton terminal indique la dernière. La forme est toujours celle d'une poire, mais tantôt le col en est court et en contact immédiat avec la spore sui- vante (les éléments sont ainsi très rapprochés), tantôt ce col s'allonge davantage et les parties renflées sont plus séparées, la série restant toujours trè

. Bulletin de la Soci zoologique de France. Zoology. 234 J. KUNSTLER Le flagellum terminal du Monas vinosa Ehrbg., que Cohn consi- dÃ¨re simplement comme la spore mobile du Clathrocystis roseo- persicina (BactÃ©rie chromogÃ¨ne), montre une striation transver- sale, aprÃ¨s avoir Ã©tÃ© traitÃ© par des rÃ©actifs colorants Ã©nergiques.. En dÃ©crivant dans une autre partie de ce travail la KÃ»nckelia gyrans (2), je n'ai pas pu complÃ©ter mes descriptions par l'ad- jonction d'une planche ; je vais ici donner quelques figures de cet Ãªtre avec les explications nÃ©cessaires. Les figures 5, 6 et 7 sont Stock Photo

RMRGPMNR–. Bulletin de la Soci zoologique de France. Zoology. 234 J. KUNSTLER Le flagellum terminal du Monas vinosa Ehrbg., que Cohn consi- dÃ¨re simplement comme la spore mobile du Clathrocystis roseo- persicina (BactÃ©rie chromogÃ¨ne), montre une striation transver- sale, aprÃ¨s avoir Ã©tÃ© traitÃ© par des rÃ©actifs colorants Ã©nergiques.. En dÃ©crivant dans une autre partie de ce travail la KÃ»nckelia gyrans (2), je n'ai pas pu complÃ©ter mes descriptions par l'ad- jonction d'une planche ; je vais ici donner quelques figures de cet Ãªtre avec les explications nÃ©cessaires. Les figures 5, 6 et 7 sont

. Bulletin trimestriel de la SociÃ©tÃ© mycologique de France. Mycology; Fungi; Fungi. ETUDES SUR LES Â« PYRENOMYCETES Â». i2l. Fio. 21. â Spores de ZignoHla CrulÅs:i. Obs. t- Cette forme nouvelle est intÃ©ressante en ce qu'elle Ã©tablit la liaison la plus naturelle entre les Zignoella et l'espÃ¨ce Saccardoella MontelUca qui par sa diffÃ©renciation marque le ter- minus du premier genre. Dans cette nouvelle forme Rnbi, le som- met de la spore aia^ s'Ã©tire parfois, Ã©bauche de faÃ§on apprÃ©ciable l'apicule terminal de MontelUca, mais ne s'effile pas et se termine en bouton plus ou moins allongÃ© Stock Photo

RMRG99A8–. Bulletin trimestriel de la SociÃ©tÃ© mycologique de France. Mycology; Fungi; Fungi. ETUDES SUR LES Â« PYRENOMYCETES Â». i2l. Fio. 21. â Spores de ZignoHla CrulÅs:i. Obs. t- Cette forme nouvelle est intÃ©ressante en ce qu'elle Ã©tablit la liaison la plus naturelle entre les Zignoella et l'espÃ¨ce Saccardoella MontelUca qui par sa diffÃ©renciation marque le ter- minus du premier genre. Dans cette nouvelle forme Rnbi, le som- met de la spore aia^ s'Ã©tire parfois, Ã©bauche de faÃ§on apprÃ©ciable l'apicule terminal de MontelUca, mais ne s'effile pas et se termine en bouton plus ou moins allongÃ©

RMRCC3MN–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae. Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EXOBASIDIUM. 425 from each a spindle-shaped spore is abjointed (Fig. 257). The liasidiospores divide in water by formation of cross-septa, and a germ-tube arises from each terminal cell. On a young leaf of Vaccinium the germ-tube penetrates and gives rise to a mycelium (Fig. 258) ; on other substrata the germ-tube sprouts into several very fine sterigmata, from the extremi- ties of which a series of conidia are abjoin

RMRCC3CJ–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae. Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. EXOBASIDIUM. 425 from each a spindle-shaped spore is abjointed (Fig. 257). The basidiospores divide in water by formation of cross-septa, and a germ-tube arises from each terminal cell. On a young leaf of Vaccinium the germ-tube penetrates and gives rise to a mycelium (Fig. 258); on other substrata the germ-tube sprouts into several very fine sterigmata, from the extremi- ties of which a series of couidia are abjointe

. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith. Plant diseases; Parasitic plants. KXOBASIDIUM. 425 from each a spindle-shaped spore is abjointed (Fig. 257). The basidiospores divide in water by formation of cross-septa, and a germ-tube arises from each terminal cell. On a young leaf of Vaccinium the germ-tube penetrates and gives rise to a mycelium (Fig. 258); on other substrata the germ-tube sprouts into se'eral very fine .sterignuita, from tlie extremi- ties of which a se Stock Photo

RMRCC2K9–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith. Plant diseases; Parasitic plants. KXOBASIDIUM. 425 from each a spindle-shaped spore is abjointed (Fig. 257). The basidiospores divide in water by formation of cross-septa, and a germ-tube arises from each terminal cell. On a young leaf of Vaccinium the germ-tube penetrates and gives rise to a mycelium (Fig. 258); on other substrata the germ-tube sprouts into se'eral very fine .sterignuita, from tlie extremi- ties of which a se

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