Terrestrial plants Black and White Stock Photos & Images

PSM V16 D480 Primordial terrestrial plants Stock Photo

RMJ4CT2A–PSM V16 D480 Primordial terrestrial plants

Primordial terrestrial plants. Stock Photo

RM2F3FTXT–Primordial terrestrial plants.

. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage Stock Photo

RMP0CXAH–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

Modern boho room in coffee house with rectangular white planters with multiple banana leaf plants for a minimalist and bright,clean decor style in B&W Stock Photo

RM2X88W9R–Modern boho room in coffee house with rectangular white planters with multiple banana leaf plants for a minimalist and bright,clean decor style in B&W

Marattia is a genus of eusporangiate ferns. The plants are large and terrestrial, vintage line drawing or engraving illustration. Stock Vector

RFT5YRX3–Marattia is a genus of eusporangiate ferns. The plants are large and terrestrial, vintage line drawing or engraving illustration.

Tundra biome. Simple line style. Terrestrial ecosystem world map. Arctic animals, birds, fish and plants infographic design. Vector illustration Stock Vector

RFW3PFR2–Tundra biome. Simple line style. Terrestrial ecosystem world map. Arctic animals, birds, fish and plants infographic design. Vector illustration

This is an image of club moss. These club mosses are small, creeping, terrestrial or epiphyti, Vascular plants, which lack flowers and reproduce sexua Stock Vector

RFT5X8FT–This is an image of club moss. These club mosses are small, creeping, terrestrial or epiphyti, Vascular plants, which lack flowers and reproduce sexua

A forest in the Carboniferous Period (meaning coal-bearing) that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period 358.9 million years ago, to the beginning of the Permian Period, 298.9 million years ago. The atmospheric content of oxygen also reached its highest levels in geological history during the period, 35% compared with 21% today, allowing terrestrial invertebrates to evolve to great size. Stock Photo

RM2AMHAB6–A forest in the Carboniferous Period (meaning coal-bearing) that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period 358.9 million years ago, to the beginning of the Permian Period, 298.9 million years ago. The atmospheric content of oxygen also reached its highest levels in geological history during the period, 35% compared with 21% today, allowing terrestrial invertebrates to evolve to great size.

Illustration depicts a mixed root system with branching patterns, highlighting key structural elements typical of plant roots Stock Vector

RF2Y6F9BK–Illustration depicts a mixed root system with branching patterns, highlighting key structural elements typical of plant roots

. The doctrine of descent and Darwinism. Evolution. 72 THE DOCTRINE OF DESCENT. the tail and renders it strikingly unsymmetrical. The Ganoids are, as comparative anatomy has proved with. certainty, a development of the shark-like fishes, if not decidedly of a higher grade. The Ganoids, therefore, presuppose the shark. The carboniferous period owes its name to the enor- mous accumulation occurring in its midst, of the re- mains of terrestrial plants, fern-like Calamites, and more especially of Sigillaria and Lepidodendra, stand- ing between vascular Cryptogams and Conifers. They formed tropical Stock Photo

RMRDJ5NK–. The doctrine of descent and Darwinism. Evolution. 72 THE DOCTRINE OF DESCENT. the tail and renders it strikingly unsymmetrical. The Ganoids are, as comparative anatomy has proved with. certainty, a development of the shark-like fishes, if not decidedly of a higher grade. The Ganoids, therefore, presuppose the shark. The carboniferous period owes its name to the enor- mous accumulation occurring in its midst, of the re- mains of terrestrial plants, fern-like Calamites, and more especially of Sigillaria and Lepidodendra, stand- ing between vascular Cryptogams and Conifers. They formed tropical

Plant leaves line icons set Stock Vector

RFFXAKKC–Plant leaves line icons set

The Robber Crab (Birgus latro), 1857. Charles Darwin: 'The young are hatched and live for some time on the coast. At this period of existence we cannot suppose that cocoa- nuts form any part of their diet; most probably soft saccharine grasses, tender fruits, and animal matters constitute their food, until they attain to a certain degree of size and strength...It has been stated by some authors that the Birgus latro crawls up the cocoa-nut trees, for the purpose of stealing the nuts. I very much doubt the possibility of this; but with Pandanus (to which Mr. Cuming refers as being ascended by t Stock Photo

RM2R8Y8PA–The Robber Crab (Birgus latro), 1857. Charles Darwin: 'The young are hatched and live for some time on the coast. At this period of existence we cannot suppose that cocoa- nuts form any part of their diet; most probably soft saccharine grasses, tender fruits, and animal matters constitute their food, until they attain to a certain degree of size and strength...It has been stated by some authors that the Birgus latro crawls up the cocoa-nut trees, for the purpose of stealing the nuts. I very much doubt the possibility of this; but with Pandanus (to which Mr. Cuming refers as being ascended by t

Land snail - pulmonate gastropod mollusc Stock Photo

RMF04F94–Land snail - pulmonate gastropod mollusc

Black and white walk through a foggy forest amongst the trees in winter or spring, Lancaster, Pennsylvania Stock Photo

RF2JC36F2–Black and white walk through a foggy forest amongst the trees in winter or spring, Lancaster, Pennsylvania

. Fresh-water aquaria: their construction, arrangement, and management, with full information as to the best water-plants and live stock to be kept, how and where to obtain them, and how to keep them in health. Aquariums. WATEB-BUGS, WATEE-SCOEPIONS, ETC. 229 All the GeocoriscB are terrestrial with, the exception of the HydrometridcB, which are generally found upon the surface of the water. Everyone who has been accustomed while in the country to spend any time by the water's side, must have noticed those curious insects which seem to have the wonderful power of walking or rather progressing u Stock Photo

RMPG41W5–. Fresh-water aquaria: their construction, arrangement, and management, with full information as to the best water-plants and live stock to be kept, how and where to obtain them, and how to keep them in health. Aquariums. WATEB-BUGS, WATEE-SCOEPIONS, ETC. 229 All the GeocoriscB are terrestrial with, the exception of the HydrometridcB, which are generally found upon the surface of the water. Everyone who has been accustomed while in the country to spend any time by the water's side, must have noticed those curious insects which seem to have the wonderful power of walking or rather progressing u

A single wooden birdhouse perched on a worn wood post in the middle of a blooming field of wildflowers. The image was captured on analog black and whi Stock Photo

RF2T5294G–A single wooden birdhouse perched on a worn wood post in the middle of a blooming field of wildflowers. The image was captured on analog black and whi

The giraffe (Giraffa), genus of African even-toed ungulate mammals, the tallest living terrestrial animals and the largest ruminants, part the Big Fiv Stock Photo

RMM0BCCH–The giraffe (Giraffa), genus of African even-toed ungulate mammals, the tallest living terrestrial animals and the largest ruminants, part the Big Fiv

Big collection of different vector fungus silhouettes Stock Vector

RFDNNTRW–Big collection of different vector fungus silhouettes

Feral pigeons massed around thrown bread in a London park Stock Photo

RM2H0MGR3–Feral pigeons massed around thrown bread in a London park

RMP0CXAN–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

RFW3PFNP–Tundra biome. Simple line style. Terrestrial ecosystem world map. Arctic animals, birds, fish and plants infographic design. Vector illustration

Temperate broadleaf forest and mixed forest biome. Terrestrial ecosystem world map. Animals, birds and plants set. Simple outline graphic design. Vect Stock Vector

RFW3PFPW–Temperate broadleaf forest and mixed forest biome. Terrestrial ecosystem world map. Animals, birds and plants set. Simple outline graphic design. Vect

RFW3PFN3–Temperate broadleaf forest and mixed forest biome. Terrestrial ecosystem world map. Animals, birds and plants set. Simple outline graphic design. Vect

. Outlines of natural theology for the use of the Canadian student [microform] : selected and arranged from the most authentic sources. Natural history; Natural theology; Sciences naturelles; ThÃ©ologie naturelle. 330 m' ! * ? â. plants are but indiflferently preserved ; nor can we expect that organisms so ancient should exhibit any very close resemblance to the plants which darken the half-tide rocks and skerries of our coasts at the present time. In the upper beds of the silurian, lycopodites are the only terrestrial plants yet found. In the lower old red sandstone we find, added to these, w Stock Photo

RMRET8H5–. Outlines of natural theology for the use of the Canadian student [microform] : selected and arranged from the most authentic sources. Natural history; Natural theology; Sciences naturelles; ThÃ©ologie naturelle. 330 m' ! * ? â. plants are but indiflferently preserved ; nor can we expect that organisms so ancient should exhibit any very close resemblance to the plants which darken the half-tide rocks and skerries of our coasts at the present time. In the upper beds of the silurian, lycopodites are the only terrestrial plants yet found. In the lower old red sandstone we find, added to these, w

Ice sheet and polar desert biome. Simple line style. Terrestrial ecosystem world map. Arctic animals, birds, fish and plants infographic design. Vecto Stock Vector

RFW3PFKA–Ice sheet and polar desert biome. Simple line style. Terrestrial ecosystem world map. Arctic animals, birds, fish and plants infographic design. Vecto

RF2JC34H7–Black and white walk through a foggy forest amongst the trees in winter or spring, Lancaster, Pennsylvania

. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. ANGIOSPEEMyE, MONOCOTYLEDONES. 73r repetition is not needful here. The Monandrse may be divided into four tribes, the Ophrydece, Neottiece, Vandece, and EpidendrecB. The Ophrydece include most of the British and European Orchids, which are not. Fig 418 —Angrcecum ebumeum epiphytic on a tree trunk (Madagascar) epiphytes but terrestrial, with swollen tuberous roots, including Orchis, Ophrys,. Gymnadenia, Habenaria, and the South African Lisa. The NeottieoB also include some European forms, Cephalanther Stock Photo

RMPG2MP8–. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. ANGIOSPEEMyE, MONOCOTYLEDONES. 73r repetition is not needful here. The Monandrse may be divided into four tribes, the Ophrydece, Neottiece, Vandece, and EpidendrecB. The Ophrydece include most of the British and European Orchids, which are not. Fig 418 —Angrcecum ebumeum epiphytic on a tree trunk (Madagascar) epiphytes but terrestrial, with swollen tuberous roots, including Orchis, Ophrys,. Gymnadenia, Habenaria, and the South African Lisa. The NeottieoB also include some European forms, Cephalanther

RF2T5294M–A single wooden birdhouse perched on a worn wood post in the middle of a blooming field of wildflowers. The image was captured on analog black and whi

RMM0BCCF–The giraffe (Giraffa), genus of African even-toed ungulate mammals, the tallest living terrestrial animals and the largest ruminants, part the Big Fiv

RM2H0MGRN–Feral pigeons massed around thrown bread in a London park

RMP0CXBA–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

. A manual of botany. Botany. THALLOPHYTA—ALG^ 57 Siphoned.—These are the most remarkable forms of the group, the thallus consisting of a single coenocyte, often of very large dimensions, or of a number of ccenocytes attached to each other, forming a filament. The largest members of this family belong to the genus Caulerpa, which in many cases simulates the different types of habit exhibited by terrestrial plants. The stem and leaves are nearly always well represented, and the root system is clearly differentiated. The internal cavity of the coenocyte is crossed by interlacing strands or trabe Stock Photo

RMRE0N6X–. A manual of botany. Botany. THALLOPHYTA—ALG^ 57 Siphoned.—These are the most remarkable forms of the group, the thallus consisting of a single coenocyte, often of very large dimensions, or of a number of ccenocytes attached to each other, forming a filament. The largest members of this family belong to the genus Caulerpa, which in many cases simulates the different types of habit exhibited by terrestrial plants. The stem and leaves are nearly always well represented, and the root system is clearly differentiated. The internal cavity of the coenocyte is crossed by interlacing strands or trabe

Black and white tree branch that looks like a serpent or dragon, pareidolia, in a foggy forest in winter or spring, Lancaster, Pennsylvania Stock Photo

RF2JC34JJ–Black and white tree branch that looks like a serpent or dragon, pareidolia, in a foggy forest in winter or spring, Lancaster, Pennsylvania

. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. of aquatic plants, and water is absolutely necessary to ac- complish fertilization. Some liverworts are mi- nute floating plants (Fig. 188) much simpler than Mar- cAawim, others are terrestrial, I'^^M^ 1 of more complex organization than Mar- ''^ chantia. Many of the higher liverworts (Fig. 195) have leafy stems and in appear- ance slightly resemble the mosses. MNIUM, A COMMON MOSS^ 351. Occurrence.—Mnium cuspidatum is a very widely distributed moss occurring abundantly on shaded ground and espe- cially about the bases of trees in open woods. It may be k Stock Photo

RMPG41C4–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. of aquatic plants, and water is absolutely necessary to ac- complish fertilization. Some liverworts are mi- nute floating plants (Fig. 188) much simpler than Mar- cAawim, others are terrestrial, I'^^M^ 1 of more complex organization than Mar- ''^ chantia. Many of the higher liverworts (Fig. 195) have leafy stems and in appear- ance slightly resemble the mosses. MNIUM, A COMMON MOSS^ 351. Occurrence.—Mnium cuspidatum is a very widely distributed moss occurring abundantly on shaded ground and espe- cially about the bases of trees in open woods. It may be k

RMM0C4G6–The giraffe (Giraffa), genus of African even-toed ungulate mammals, the tallest living terrestrial animals and the largest ruminants, part the Big Fiv

RMP0CXBG–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

. An introduction to the study of seaweeds. Algae. CHLOROPHYCE^ 123 The Thallus.—There is hardly any type of habit assumed by the higher terrestrial plants that does not find itself represented in this singular genus. There are species named from their resemblance to mosses, club-mosses, cacti, yews, etc., etc., while others are of extremely simple form. This differentiation is not con- fined to the green assimilating shoot, but extends to the root- system with its creeping rhi- zome-like extensions. The plants frequently attain con- siderable stature, and are in most cases of remarkable beaut Stock Photo

RMRDXNXX–. An introduction to the study of seaweeds. Algae. CHLOROPHYCE^ 123 The Thallus.—There is hardly any type of habit assumed by the higher terrestrial plants that does not find itself represented in this singular genus. There are species named from their resemblance to mosses, club-mosses, cacti, yews, etc., etc., while others are of extremely simple form. This differentiation is not con- fined to the green assimilating shoot, but extends to the root- system with its creeping rhi- zome-like extensions. The plants frequently attain con- siderable stature, and are in most cases of remarkable beaut

RF2JC36DP–Black and white walk through a foggy forest amongst the trees in winter or spring, Lancaster, Pennsylvania

. Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. ANGIOSPEKM^ 185 complicated, is found in a number of aquatic forms allied to Naias, and also occurs in some of the terrestrial types among the aroids. In the latter (Fig. 45, A-C), while the individual flowers are often of the simplest. Fig. 45 (Lower Monocotyledons). — A, female inflorescence of the Indian turnip (Arisaema), the enveloping bract cut avray at the base to show the inconspicuous flowers, yi; B, a single flower cut longitudinally to show the OTUles, o; st, the papillate stigma; C, a group of male flowers, each consisting of f Stock Photo

RMPG1XXK–. Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. ANGIOSPEKM^ 185 complicated, is found in a number of aquatic forms allied to Naias, and also occurs in some of the terrestrial types among the aroids. In the latter (Fig. 45, A-C), while the individual flowers are often of the simplest. Fig. 45 (Lower Monocotyledons). — A, female inflorescence of the Indian turnip (Arisaema), the enveloping bract cut avray at the base to show the inconspicuous flowers, yi; B, a single flower cut longitudinally to show the OTUles, o; st, the papillate stigma; C, a group of male flowers, each consisting of f

RMM0BCCC–The giraffe (Giraffa), genus of African even-toed ungulate mammals, the tallest living terrestrial animals and the largest ruminants, part the Big Fiv

RMP0CXB2–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 320 PHYSIOLOGY. Fig. 628. — Cross section of stem of Myri- ophyllum, with air canals. — From Part III. Stomata. —The aerating system of the terrestrial plants, and of water plants not normally completely submersed, communicates with the at- mosphere freely, because certain cells of the epidermis, predeter- mined by the mode of their de- velopment, break apart through the central portion of their last- formed division wall. As imme- diately beneath them an air space of some size develops, this estab- lishes a passage to the outer Stock Photo

RMRDXT61–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 320 PHYSIOLOGY. Fig. 628. — Cross section of stem of Myri- ophyllum, with air canals. — From Part III. Stomata. —The aerating system of the terrestrial plants, and of water plants not normally completely submersed, communicates with the at- mosphere freely, because certain cells of the epidermis, predeter- mined by the mode of their de- velopment, break apart through the central portion of their last- formed division wall. As imme- diately beneath them an air space of some size develops, this estab- lishes a passage to the outer

RF2JC34CR–Black and white walk through a foggy forest amongst the trees in winter or spring, Lancaster, Pennsylvania

. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. 346 A NGIOSPERMA E—DICO T YLEDONES which the two styles project about i-| mm., while the two anthers are situated about a mm. below the mouth of the flower. Schulz observed gynomonoecism or gynodioecism occurring frequently or •sometimes even exclusively. The terrestrial form (var. ierresin Leers) possesses short hairs on the stalks, which secrete a viscid fluid serving as a protection against creeping insects; the aquatic form (var. nutans Moench) is glabro Stock Photo

RMPG472R–. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. 346 A NGIOSPERMA E—DICO T YLEDONES which the two styles project about i-| mm., while the two anthers are situated about a mm. below the mouth of the flower. Schulz observed gynomonoecism or gynodioecism occurring frequently or •sometimes even exclusively. The terrestrial form (var. ierresin Leers) possesses short hairs on the stalks, which secrete a viscid fluid serving as a protection against creeping insects; the aquatic form (var. nutans Moench) is glabro

RMKYR08J–The giraffe (Giraffa), genus of African even-toed ungulate mammals, the tallest living terrestrial animals and the largest ruminants, part the Big Fiv

RMP0CXBC–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. THE DIFFEEENTIATION OF THE PLANT-BODY 37 A somewhat similar mechanism is provided in the ease of terrestrial plants. At the time of their first formation all the cells are in close approximation to each other at all points of their surface. This condition is, however, only temporary; dur- ing the early stages of growth the cell-walls split apart at particu- lar places, usually the angles of the cells. A system of intercellular spaces is thus formed which, as growth pro- ceeds, become con- tinuous with each other and form a sys- ,-, â Stock Photo

RMRE2961–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. THE DIFFEEENTIATION OF THE PLANT-BODY 37 A somewhat similar mechanism is provided in the ease of terrestrial plants. At the time of their first formation all the cells are in close approximation to each other at all points of their surface. This condition is, however, only temporary; dur- ing the early stages of growth the cell-walls split apart at particu- lar places, usually the angles of the cells. A system of intercellular spaces is thus formed which, as growth pro- ceeds, become con- tinuous with each other and form a sys- ,-, â

. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. 272 ESSENTIALS OF BOTANY. of aquatic plants, and water is absolutely necessary to ac- complish fertilization. Some liverworts are mi- nute floating plants (Fig. 188) much simpler than Mar- cAawim, others are terrestrial, I'^^M^ 1 of more complex organization than Mar- ''^ chantia. Many of the higher liverworts (Fig. 195) have leafy stems and in appear- ance slightly resemble the mosses. MNIUM, A COMMON MOSS^ 351. Occurrence.—Mnium cuspidatum is a very widely distributed moss occurring abundantly on shaded ground and espe- cially about the bases of trees Stock Photo

RMPG41CD–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. 272 ESSENTIALS OF BOTANY. of aquatic plants, and water is absolutely necessary to ac- complish fertilization. Some liverworts are mi- nute floating plants (Fig. 188) much simpler than Mar- cAawim, others are terrestrial, I'^^M^ 1 of more complex organization than Mar- ''^ chantia. Many of the higher liverworts (Fig. 195) have leafy stems and in appear- ance slightly resemble the mosses. MNIUM, A COMMON MOSS^ 351. Occurrence.—Mnium cuspidatum is a very widely distributed moss occurring abundantly on shaded ground and espe- cially about the bases of trees

RMP0CXB5–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. Fig. 628. — Cross section of stem of Myri- ophyllum, with air canals. — From Part III. Stomata. —The aerating system of the terrestrial plants, and of water plants not normally completely submersed, communicates with the at- mosphere freely, because certain cells of the epidermis, predeter- mined by the mode of their de- velopment, break apart through the central portion of their last- formed division wall. As imme- diately beneath them an air space of some size develops, this estab- lishes a passage to the outer air. These two c Stock Photo

RMRDXT5T–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. Fig. 628. — Cross section of stem of Myri- ophyllum, with air canals. — From Part III. Stomata. —The aerating system of the terrestrial plants, and of water plants not normally completely submersed, communicates with the at- mosphere freely, because certain cells of the epidermis, predeter- mined by the mode of their de- velopment, break apart through the central portion of their last- formed division wall. As imme- diately beneath them an air space of some size develops, this estab- lishes a passage to the outer air. These two c

. Familiar garden flowers . Flowers; Plants, Ornamental; Floriculture. THE WHITE LILY. Lil,.u,ii ani^li.lHiii. 11 111 common liite lily is oiio of ^ the iiolilost as waW as eoinmonest flowers of the Jlliiylish garden, and a beuii iih'al (jf the teiiaiitiy of the terrestrial paradise of tlio delectajjle Lady Corisande. Its manner is that of a wilding, for if a Jew scales brolcen from a bulb are scattered aliont a g'arden, some of them â will be- come true lilies in time; and = /^^ wlierever it is planted and left alone for a few years, it justilies i the confidence reposed in it liy ^JA flo Stock Photo

RMPG3K3K–. Familiar garden flowers . Flowers; Plants, Ornamental; Floriculture. THE WHITE LILY. Lil,.u,ii ani^li.lHiii. 11 111 common liite lily is oiio of ^ the iiolilost as waW as eoinmonest flowers of the Jlliiylish garden, and a beuii iih'al (jf the teiiaiitiy of the terrestrial paradise of tlio delectajjle Lady Corisande. Its manner is that of a wilding, for if a Jew scales brolcen from a bulb are scattered aliont a g'arden, some of them â will be- come true lilies in time; and = /^^ wlierever it is planted and left alone for a few years, it justilies i the confidence reposed in it liy ^JA flo

RMP0CXB3–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

. Principles of modern biology. Biology. soil and helped to prepare the land envi- ronment for the coming of other plants. SUBKINGDOM EMBRYOPHYTA Essentially the various groups of Thallo- phyta, which have been described in the foregoing sections, are relatively simple water-dwelling plants, despite the fact that a few species show some slight degree of adaptation to life upon the land. The Thal- lophyta appear to have originated quite early in the Proterozoic era (Fig. 29-10), at which time no terrestrial plants existed. Land plants, in fact, did not begin to appear until well after the early Stock Photo

RMRDYRPJ–. Principles of modern biology. Biology. soil and helped to prepare the land envi- ronment for the coming of other plants. SUBKINGDOM EMBRYOPHYTA Essentially the various groups of Thallo- phyta, which have been described in the foregoing sections, are relatively simple water-dwelling plants, despite the fact that a few species show some slight degree of adaptation to life upon the land. The Thal- lophyta appear to have originated quite early in the Proterozoic era (Fig. 29-10), at which time no terrestrial plants existed. Land plants, in fact, did not begin to appear until well after the early

RMP0CXAX–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania, vol. 13. Botany; Botany. 262 11. Rhodora i^^^ petiolate. Terrestrial plants of wet or dry places (11). 1 X 1 11. Pedicel with two conspicuous green bracteoles about half way up. Auricles of calyx de- flexed, round, small. Plants of the southern Coastal Plain (12). 12. Plant nearly unbranched, with thick oblan- ceolate or lanceolate acute leaves. Flower 19-20 mm. long, pubescent. Filament- , „ , . tube 6-8 mm. long • • • • lo- ^- ^«*«*- 12 Plant simple or branched, with thin oblong usually Stock Photo

RMRE9N01–. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania, vol. 13. Botany; Botany. 262 11. Rhodora i^^^ petiolate. Terrestrial plants of wet or dry places (11). 1 X 1 11. Pedicel with two conspicuous green bracteoles about half way up. Auricles of calyx de- flexed, round, small. Plants of the southern Coastal Plain (12). 12. Plant nearly unbranched, with thick oblan- ceolate or lanceolate acute leaves. Flower 19-20 mm. long, pubescent. Filament- , „ , . tube 6-8 mm. long • • • • lo- ^- ^«*«*- 12 Plant simple or branched, with thin oblong usually

RMP0CXBM–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

RMRDHG8T–. Fresh-water aquaria: their construction, arrangement, and management, with full information as to the best water-plants and live stock to be kept, how and where to obtain them, and how to keep them in health. Aquariums. WATEB-BUGS, WATEE-SCOEPIONS, ETC. 229 All the GeocoriscB are terrestrial with, the exception of the HydrometridcB, which are generally found upon the surface of the water. Everyone who has been accustomed while in the country to spend any time by the water's side, must have noticed those curious insects which seem to have the wonderful power of walking or rather progressing u

RMP0CXBK–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

RMRDGA6W–. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. ANGIOSPEEMyE, MONOCOTYLEDONES. 73r repetition is not needful here. The Monandrse may be divided into four tribes, the Ophrydece, Neottiece, Vandece, and EpidendrecB. The Ophrydece include most of the British and European Orchids, which are not. Fig 418 —Angrcecum ebumeum epiphytic on a tree trunk (Madagascar) epiphytes but terrestrial, with swollen tuberous roots, including Orchis, Ophrys,. Gymnadenia, Habenaria, and the South African Lisa. The NeottieoB also include some European forms, Cephalanther

RMP0CXB9–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 220 REPRODUCTION OF A WATER MOULD the gametes is perhaps due to their exposure to atmospheric conditions, as would be the case when growing upon terrestrial or floating organic matter. The lack of water for the transport of the male gametes is nicely met by a tubular outgrowth of the antheridium which penetrates the oogonium when it ruptures, discharging the male close to the female gametes (Fig. 130, D, an). In the majority of the species, singularly enough, the female gametes germinate without being fertilized. The gametospore germinates as in Vauc Stock Photo

RMRE1R56–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 220 REPRODUCTION OF A WATER MOULD the gametes is perhaps due to their exposure to atmospheric conditions, as would be the case when growing upon terrestrial or floating organic matter. The lack of water for the transport of the male gametes is nicely met by a tubular outgrowth of the antheridium which penetrates the oogonium when it ruptures, discharging the male close to the female gametes (Fig. 130, D, an). In the majority of the species, singularly enough, the female gametes germinate without being fertilized. The gametospore germinates as in Vauc

RMP0CXAT–. English: Fleuron from book: A short and easie method to give children an idea or true notion of celestial and terrestrial beings : And to Teach them The Names of most Things that are useful and necessary to Human Life: As also, Of Arts and Sciences, Plants, Fruits, and Living Creatures; as Fishes, Birds, and Four-Footed Beasts: French and English. Represented by many Hundred Figures in 38 Copper Plates, fit for those that are desirous to Learn those Languages. = Methode courte & facile pour donner aux enfans une idée des choses celestes & terrestres : Et pour leurs apprendre le Nom & L'usage

. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 272 STRUCTURE OF RICCIOCARPUS or dichotomous branching of the thallus, so characteristic of these plants (Fig. 179, A, B). The appearance of many of these hepatics is suggestive of the algae. Especially is this true of the aquatic Ricciocarpus and Riccia. (a) Structure of Ricciocarpus.—^An examination of the struc- ture of one of these will show, however, that extensive changes have been induced in even the simplest forms. The new stimuli to which the terrestrial conditions expose them cause a remark- able series of transformations in the cells that Stock Photo

RMRDWFJB–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 272 STRUCTURE OF RICCIOCARPUS or dichotomous branching of the thallus, so characteristic of these plants (Fig. 179, A, B). The appearance of many of these hepatics is suggestive of the algae. Especially is this true of the aquatic Ricciocarpus and Riccia. (a) Structure of Ricciocarpus.—^An examination of the struc- ture of one of these will show, however, that extensive changes have been induced in even the simplest forms. The new stimuli to which the terrestrial conditions expose them cause a remark- able series of transformations in the cells that

RMRE1PX1–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 272 STRUCTURE OF RICCIOCARPUS or dichotomous branching of the thallus, so characteristic of these plants (Fig. 179, A, B). The appearance of many of these hepatics is suggestive of the algae. Especially is this true of the aquatic Ricciocarpus and Riccia. (a) Structure of Ricciocarpus.—^An examination of the struc- ture of one of these will show, however, that extensive changes have been induced in even the simplest forms. The new stimuli to which the terrestrial conditions expose them cause a remark- able series of transformations in the cells that

. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 189 examples, where it will become still more obvious. The loss of motility in the reproductive process in this order may possibly be associated with their exposure to terrestrial conditions. They are often exposed to the soil, owing to the drying up of the water and it has been suggested that they have consequently lost their motility. Their mucilaginous coatings would be of great service in enabling them to meet such conditions by retaining moisture, and indeed, they are often able to flourish in many damp places without the a Stock Photo

RMRE1R9K–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 189 examples, where it will become still more obvious. The loss of motility in the reproductive process in this order may possibly be associated with their exposure to terrestrial conditions. They are often exposed to the soil, owing to the drying up of the water and it has been suggested that they have consequently lost their motility. Their mucilaginous coatings would be of great service in enabling them to meet such conditions by retaining moisture, and indeed, they are often able to flourish in many damp places without the a

RMRDWGAD–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 189 examples, where it will become still more obvious. The loss of motility in the reproductive process in this order may possibly be associated with their exposure to terrestrial conditions. They are often exposed to the soil, owing to the drying up of the water and it has been suggested that they have consequently lost their motility. Their mucilaginous coatings would be of great service in enabling them to meet such conditions by retaining moisture, and indeed, they are often able to flourish in many damp places without the a

RMRDWG4K–. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 220 REPRODUCTION OF A WATER MOULD the gametes is perhaps due to their exposure to atmospheric conditions,. as would be the case when growing upon terrestrial or floating organic matter. The lack of water for the transport of the male gametes is nicely met by a tubular outgrowth of the antheridium which penetrates the oogonium when it ruptures, discharging the male close to the female gametes (Fig. 130, D, an). In the majority of the species, singularly enough, the female gametes germinate without being fertilized. The gametospore germinates as in Vau

. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OP PLANTS 3 these masses of protoplasm, or cells, may be as small as two, or may be enormous, as is the case in such plants as the gigantic seaweeds of the tropics or the tall terrestrial trees which abound all over the surface of the globe, Whether the plant is simple or complex, we find the same fundamental arrangement of its parts : there is a certain number of protoplasts, in close relationship with each other, supported upon a framework or skeleton which shows a wonderful variety of arrangement, its details Stock Photo

RMRDXW56–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OP PLANTS 3 these masses of protoplasm, or cells, may be as small as two, or may be enormous, as is the case in such plants as the gigantic seaweeds of the tropics or the tall terrestrial trees which abound all over the surface of the globe, Whether the plant is simple or complex, we find the same fundamental arrangement of its parts : there is a certain number of protoplasts, in close relationship with each other, supported upon a framework or skeleton which shows a wonderful variety of arrangement, its details

. The fern allies of North America north of Mexico. Pteridophyta; Botany. THE TERRESTRIAL QUILLWORTS.. T is singular that while the quillworts of eastern Amer- ica are mostly characterised by megaspores marked with spines and crests, those of the West, especiall}'- in the warmer parts, are marked with fine dots and warts. This apparent influence of temperature on the mark- ings of the spores is also observed in the Southeast, where the spines and crests fade into tubercles. Along with these peculiar patterns of spore-markings in the West goes a tendency of the plants to grow out of water, and Stock Photo

RMRDTNYR–. The fern allies of North America north of Mexico. Pteridophyta; Botany. THE TERRESTRIAL QUILLWORTS.. T is singular that while the quillworts of eastern Amer- ica are mostly characterised by megaspores marked with spines and crests, those of the West, especiall}'- in the warmer parts, are marked with fine dots and warts. This apparent influence of temperature on the mark- ings of the spores is also observed in the Southeast, where the spines and crests fade into tubercles. Along with these peculiar patterns of spore-markings in the West goes a tendency of the plants to grow out of water, and

. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. THE GENEEAL STEUCTUEE OF PLANTS 3 these masses of protoplasm, or cells, may be as small as two, or may be enormous, as is the case in such plants as the gigantic seaweeds of the tropics or the tall terrestrial trees which abound all over the surface of the globe. Whether the plant is simple or complex, we find the same fundamental arrangement of its parts : there is a certain number of protoplasts, in close relationship with each other, supported upon a framework or skeleton which shows a wonderful variety of arrangement, its details Stock Photo

RMRE29D6–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. THE GENEEAL STEUCTUEE OF PLANTS 3 these masses of protoplasm, or cells, may be as small as two, or may be enormous, as is the case in such plants as the gigantic seaweeds of the tropics or the tall terrestrial trees which abound all over the surface of the globe. Whether the plant is simple or complex, we find the same fundamental arrangement of its parts : there is a certain number of protoplasts, in close relationship with each other, supported upon a framework or skeleton which shows a wonderful variety of arrangement, its details

. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. MORPHOLOGY regarded as plants or animals. Those who incline to the view that they are animals use the term Mycetozoa (fungus animals) for the group. It should not be surprising to find at the lower confines of the plant and animal kingdoms organisms which do not appear to belong to either. The lowest slime molds are aquatic, but most of them are terrestrial, being common in forests on humous soil, decapng wood, fallen leaves, etc., and one of the largest occurs on spent tan bark. The body contains no chlorophyll, and this fact ha Stock Photo

RMRDXTK4–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. MORPHOLOGY regarded as plants or animals. Those who incline to the view that they are animals use the term Mycetozoa (fungus animals) for the group. It should not be surprising to find at the lower confines of the plant and animal kingdoms organisms which do not appear to belong to either. The lowest slime molds are aquatic, but most of them are terrestrial, being common in forests on humous soil, decapng wood, fallen leaves, etc., and one of the largest occurs on spent tan bark. The body contains no chlorophyll, and this fact ha

. Handbook of hardy trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants ... Based on the French work of Messrs. Decaisne and Naudin ...entitled 'Manuel de l'amateur des jardins,' and including the original woodcuts by Riocreux and Leblanc. Plants, Ornamental. 466 Orchidacetr. depth of about 2 feet of water. It belongs to a small order called Juncaginacece, distingaiished from Alismacece by the apetalous bracteate flowers. OuDEE YI.—ORCHIDACE^. Terrestrial herbs with tuberous or fascicled roots and sheathing radical or sessile cauline leaves; or, as in most of the tropical species, epiphytes, with enlarged st Stock Photo

RMRDT3PX–. Handbook of hardy trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants ... Based on the French work of Messrs. Decaisne and Naudin ...entitled 'Manuel de l'amateur des jardins,' and including the original woodcuts by Riocreux and Leblanc. Plants, Ornamental. 466 Orchidacetr. depth of about 2 feet of water. It belongs to a small order called Juncaginacece, distingaiished from Alismacece by the apetalous bracteate flowers. OuDEE YI.—ORCHIDACE^. Terrestrial herbs with tuberous or fascicled roots and sheathing radical or sessile cauline leaves; or, as in most of the tropical species, epiphytes, with enlarged st

. Plants; a text-book of botany. Botany. 24:6 PLANT STKUCTUEES In the general lily alliance, composed of eight or nine families, there are more than four thousand species, repre- senting about one fifth of all the Monocotyledons, and they are distributed everywhere. They are almost all terrestrial herbs, and are prominently geopliihnts ("earth-lovers'")— that is, they develop bulbs, rootstocks, etc., which enable them to disappear from above the surface during un- favorable conditions (cold or drought), and then to reappear rap- idly upon the return of favorable conditions (Figs. 227 Stock Photo

RMRDWA41–. Plants; a text-book of botany. Botany. 24:6 PLANT STKUCTUEES In the general lily alliance, composed of eight or nine families, there are more than four thousand species, repre- senting about one fifth of all the Monocotyledons, and they are distributed everywhere. They are almost all terrestrial herbs, and are prominently geopliihnts ("earth-lovers'")— that is, they develop bulbs, rootstocks, etc., which enable them to disappear from above the surface during un- favorable conditions (cold or drought), and then to reappear rap- idly upon the return of favorable conditions (Figs. 227

. Outlines of zoology. Zoology. 376 MOLLUSC A. notched shell mouth, feed on plants, e.g. the seaweed eating periwinkles (Littorina). The vegetarian habits of most land snails and slugs are known to all. Many Gasteropods, both marine and terrestrial, are very voracious and indiscriminate in their meals; others are as markedly specialists or epicures. Some marine forms, partial to Echino- derms, have got over the difficulty of eating such hard food, by secreting dilute sulphuric acid, which changes the carbonate of lime in the starfish into the more brittle and readily pul- verised sulphate. A f Stock Photo

RMRDNYWH–. Outlines of zoology. Zoology. 376 MOLLUSC A. notched shell mouth, feed on plants, e.g. the seaweed eating periwinkles (Littorina). The vegetarian habits of most land snails and slugs are known to all. Many Gasteropods, both marine and terrestrial, are very voracious and indiscriminate in their meals; others are as markedly specialists or epicures. Some marine forms, partial to Echino- derms, have got over the difficulty of eating such hard food, by secreting dilute sulphuric acid, which changes the carbonate of lime in the starfish into the more brittle and readily pul- verised sulphate. A f

. College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants. Botany. 292 COLLEGE BOTANY and produce new gametophytes. Tke complete life history is illustrated in Fig. 141. The genus Biccia also belongs to the Marchantiales and con- tains a number of species, some of which are terrestrial and others aquatic. They are smaller than M. polymorpha and the antheridia and archegonia remain embedded in cavities of the thallus. They are the simplest of the Hepaticoe. The Jungermanniales contains a larger number of species than either of the other two groups. They grow under conditions ranging from Stock Photo

RMRE1N70–. College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants. Botany. 292 COLLEGE BOTANY and produce new gametophytes. Tke complete life history is illustrated in Fig. 141. The genus Biccia also belongs to the Marchantiales and con- tains a number of species, some of which are terrestrial and others aquatic. They are smaller than M. polymorpha and the antheridia and archegonia remain embedded in cavities of the thallus. They are the simplest of the Hepaticoe. The Jungermanniales contains a larger number of species than either of the other two groups. They grow under conditions ranging from

RMRET8GC–. Outlines of natural theology for the use of the Canadian student [microform] : selected and arranged from the most authentic sources. Natural history; Natural theology; Sciences naturelles; Théologie naturelle. '•. .'/ Hi. |l ed of the sys- tem, immediately under the base of the old-red sand- stone, the remains of the earliest known fishes appear, blended with what also appears, for the first time, the fragmentary remains of a terrestrial vegetation. The rocks beneath this ancient bone-bed have yield- ed no trace of any plants higher than the thallogens, or at least not higher than zosterac

RMRDT3XH–. Handbook of hardy trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants ... Based on the French work of Messrs. Decaisne and Naudin ...entitled 'Manuel de l'amateur des jardins,' and including the original woodcuts by Riocreux and Leblanc. Plants, Ornamental. 384 Polygonacece—Polygomim. P. ayrvphibiuin is a perennial aquatic or semi-aqnatic native species. When growing in water the petioles are very long and the stipules smooth, whilst the terrestrial form has short petioles and hispid stipules. The flowers are bright red. 4. P. vaccinifolium.—This is a desirable creeping branched sub-shrubby species. Leaves

. The fern allies of North America north of Mexico. Pteridophyta; Botany. THE AQUATIC QUILLWORTS.. SERIES of Isoetes specimens could easily be selected which would show every gradation from the most deeply sub- merged plants to those habit- ually living in dry ground, but such a series would of ne- cessity include specimens of many species. The water-loving species, however, keep close to their own element, and it is only under excep- tional circumstances that they appear above the surface ; while the terrestrial forms are for a great part of the year entirely above water, though growing in mo Stock Photo

RMRDTP43–. The fern allies of North America north of Mexico. Pteridophyta; Botany. THE AQUATIC QUILLWORTS.. SERIES of Isoetes specimens could easily be selected which would show every gradation from the most deeply sub- merged plants to those habit- ually living in dry ground, but such a series would of ne- cessity include specimens of many species. The water-loving species, however, keep close to their own element, and it is only under excep- tional circumstances that they appear above the surface ; while the terrestrial forms are for a great part of the year entirely above water, though growing in mo

. The families of flowering plants. Plants; Phanerogams. FAMILIES OF FLOWEEING PLANTS 153 small aquatic or sometimes terrestrial herbs, comprised in the single genus Gallitriche, which contains about 20 widely distributed species. They have slender stems, opposite leaves, and minute perfect or monoe- cious axillary flowers, destitute of calyx and corolla; stamen one, ovary 4-celled, becoming a capsular fruit which splits into 4 little one-seeded carpels. The plants are inconspicuous, and without special interest.. Fig. I3S. Allegheny Mountain spurge (PocAyjorerfj-aiJracMOTAeMj). Original. CHAP Stock Photo

RMRDXNMF–. The families of flowering plants. Plants; Phanerogams. FAMILIES OF FLOWEEING PLANTS 153 small aquatic or sometimes terrestrial herbs, comprised in the single genus Gallitriche, which contains about 20 widely distributed species. They have slender stems, opposite leaves, and minute perfect or monoe- cious axillary flowers, destitute of calyx and corolla; stamen one, ovary 4-celled, becoming a capsular fruit which splits into 4 little one-seeded carpels. The plants are inconspicuous, and without special interest.. Fig. I3S. Allegheny Mountain spurge (PocAyjorerfj-aiJracMOTAeMj). Original. CHAP

. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. SriKANTHES perak' z^iio aii.l extriMliny souUi ti. ('liile, all terrestrial herlis, tV'W of whirh have any hcu'tirull Ural valiu-. Soiiii' of the hardy species are a.lvertiseil hy dealers in native- phiuts and liy eoUectors. Ereet herhs with lleshy or tu- berous roots: Ivs. mostly at the base or on the hiwer pa Stock Photo

RMRE0WCT–. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. SriKANTHES perak' z^iio aii.l extriMliny souUi ti. ('liile, all terrestrial herlis, tV'W of whirh have any hcu'tirull Ural valiu-. Soiiii' of the hardy species are a.lvertiseil hy dealers in native- phiuts and liy eoUectors. Ereet herhs with lleshy or tu- berous roots: Ivs. mostly at the base or on the hiwer pa

. The essentials of botany. Botany. GROUND PINES 267. walled fibrous tissue. The epidermis is abundantly supplied with stomata. 476. The phylum contains about 700 living species, and consists of two quite distinct classes, viz.: The Lower Lycopods (Class Lycopodineae) mainly dis- tinguished by being isosporous, and the Higher Lycopods (Class Lepidodendrineae) which are heterosporous. 477. In the first we find the Ground Pines (Family Lycopodiaceae), otherwise known as Club-mosses, which are terrestrial, perennial, evergreen plants with many small, generally moss-like leaves cover- ing the stem Stock Photo

RMRDWC0X–. The essentials of botany. Botany. GROUND PINES 267. walled fibrous tissue. The epidermis is abundantly supplied with stomata. 476. The phylum contains about 700 living species, and consists of two quite distinct classes, viz.: The Lower Lycopods (Class Lycopodineae) mainly dis- tinguished by being isosporous, and the Higher Lycopods (Class Lepidodendrineae) which are heterosporous. 477. In the first we find the Ground Pines (Family Lycopodiaceae), otherwise known as Club-mosses, which are terrestrial, perennial, evergreen plants with many small, generally moss-like leaves cover- ing the stem

RMRE2C6E–. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. H HABENARIA (Greek, a rein or strap; referring to the shape of parts of the flower). Orchiddcece, tribe Ophrydece. Rein Orchis. Terrestrial leafy herbs, re- sembling orchis in habit : tubers usually undivided, rarely lobed; fls. in terminal racemes or spikes, rarely solitary; sepals subequal, free or cohering a

. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. 320 SELAGINELLA to a terrestrial existence. Associated with the last-named feature we see the differentiation of proper conducting tissue and of true roots. Tliere is, moreover, a marked tendencj'' towards. Fig. iS^.—Sehi^iiwlhi, pruthallia and embryulogy. a. front view, and b. vertical section of mature megaspore witlr female jirothallus ; c, older embryo ; d, spermatozoid ; e, archegonium in longitudinal section ; /, microspore with contained male prothallus ; i;. voung plant still attached to the megas])or Stock Photo

RMRDWP62–. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. 320 SELAGINELLA to a terrestrial existence. Associated with the last-named feature we see the differentiation of proper conducting tissue and of true roots. Tliere is, moreover, a marked tendencj'' towards. Fig. iS^.—Sehi^iiwlhi, pruthallia and embryulogy. a. front view, and b. vertical section of mature megaspore witlr female jirothallus ; c, older embryo ; d, spermatozoid ; e, archegonium in longitudinal section ; /, microspore with contained male prothallus ; i;. voung plant still attached to the megas])or

. An introduction to zoology [microform] : for the use of high schools. Zoology; Zoologie. Fig. 86-Re8toration of Ichthyosaurus. Tin* 25. Among the fossil orders are likewise forms which attained a huge size, whose limbs, more lizard-like in form (Sauropoda), attest to a terrestrial or amphibious life, but whoso teeth indicate that tluy were herbivorous animals feeding either on atjuatic or marsh plants or on the forest vegetation. (Fig. 86.) Some. ^*»mmu«»—. Fig. 86—Uestoration of Brontosaurua. (After Mareh). fdO' of them (Ailantosaurus) measured 100 feet in length by 30 in height, the locomo Stock Photo

RMRJ2JNW–. An introduction to zoology [microform] : for the use of high schools. Zoology; Zoologie. Fig. 86-Re8toration of Ichthyosaurus. Tin* 25. Among the fossil orders are likewise forms which attained a huge size, whose limbs, more lizard-like in form (Sauropoda), attest to a terrestrial or amphibious life, but whoso teeth indicate that tluy were herbivorous animals feeding either on atjuatic or marsh plants or on the forest vegetation. (Fig. 86.) Some. ^*»mmu«»—. Fig. 86—Uestoration of Brontosaurua. (After Mareh). fdO' of them (Ailantosaurus) measured 100 feet in length by 30 in height, the locomo

RMRDGW9J–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. of aquatic plants, and water is absolutely necessary to ac- complish fertilization. Some liverworts are mi- nute floating plants (Fig. 188) much simpler than Mar- cAawim, others are terrestrial, I'^^M^ 1 of more complex organization than Mar- ''^ chantia. Many of the higher liverworts (Fig. 195) have leafy stems and in appear- ance slightly resemble the mosses. MNIUM, A COMMON MOSS^ 351. Occurrence.—Mnium cuspidatum is a very widely distributed moss occurring abundantly on shaded ground and espe- cially about the bases of trees in open woods. It may be k

. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. INFLUENCE OP ENVIRONMENT ON PLANTS 331 a rule, does not persist through the life of the plant. The •floating forms frequently have no roots, but in many cases adventitious roots are given off in large numbers from the various nodes of the stem. The root-hairs*which are so characteristic of terrestrial roots are usually either very scanty or altogether absent. The epidermis of both stem and root is not cuticularised, and therefore the cells remain capable of absorbing the. Fig. 140.—Section op Leap op IsoUes. a, lacunar cavities; b, v Stock Photo

RMRDYH92–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. INFLUENCE OP ENVIRONMENT ON PLANTS 331 a rule, does not persist through the life of the plant. The •floating forms frequently have no roots, but in many cases adventitious roots are given off in large numbers from the various nodes of the stem. The root-hairs*which are so characteristic of terrestrial roots are usually either very scanty or altogether absent. The epidermis of both stem and root is not cuticularised, and therefore the cells remain capable of absorbing the. Fig. 140.—Section op Leap op IsoUes. a, lacunar cavities; b, v

. Principles of modern biology. Biology. 212 - Multicellular Planfs tophyte generation retains a capacity to re- produce by sporulation. LIFE CYCLE OF THE MOSSES Mosses, the most familiar of the Bryo- phyta, are small green leafy plants, which grow in densely crowded masses, on damp and shaded soils (Fig. 12-11). Mosses are not well adapted to terrestrial conditions, and most species cannot survive in dry localities. Most mosses are relatively short plants, with an average height of only about half an inch. The small green leafy-stemmed moss plant is a gametophyte—that is, a haploid gamete- pr Stock Photo

RMRDXY0F–. Principles of modern biology. Biology. 212 - Multicellular Planfs tophyte generation retains a capacity to re- produce by sporulation. LIFE CYCLE OF THE MOSSES Mosses, the most familiar of the Bryo- phyta, are small green leafy plants, which grow in densely crowded masses, on damp and shaded soils (Fig. 12-11). Mosses are not well adapted to terrestrial conditions, and most species cannot survive in dry localities. Most mosses are relatively short plants, with an average height of only about half an inch. The small green leafy-stemmed moss plant is a gametophyte—that is, a haploid gamete- pr

. A manual of Indian botany. Botany. INTRODUCtlOiSr 5 plants. Gaja-pipul {Scindapsus officinalis) (see fig. 267) is another good example of an epiphyte. It is terrestrial to begin with, but subsequently becomes detached from the soil and becomes wholly epiphytic. Several species of Ferns and Mosses also are epi- phytes. As examples of parasites may be mentioned alak- lata or haldi-algusi or Dodder (Cuscutd) (fig; 4), a thin, wiry, leaf- less plant, of whitish- yellow colour, often seen twining upon other plants and kill- ing them by its luxuri- ant growth. It is also terrestrial to begin with, Stock Photo

RMRE1RWY–. A manual of Indian botany. Botany. INTRODUCtlOiSr 5 plants. Gaja-pipul {Scindapsus officinalis) (see fig. 267) is another good example of an epiphyte. It is terrestrial to begin with, but subsequently becomes detached from the soil and becomes wholly epiphytic. Several species of Ferns and Mosses also are epi- phytes. As examples of parasites may be mentioned alak- lata or haldi-algusi or Dodder (Cuscutd) (fig; 4), a thin, wiry, leaf- less plant, of whitish- yellow colour, often seen twining upon other plants and kill- ing them by its luxuri- ant growth. It is also terrestrial to begin with,

. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. ORGHIDALES. 469 the minute seeds containing a rudimentary embryo and no endosperm. Order Apostasiacese, a small order of East Indian plants, which are Interesting because of their evident relationship to tlie S ^. Orchids, from which they ''^ /" . >*'^n differ in having the style partially free from the sta- mens. Order Orchidacese. — The Orchids. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants, whose stamens and style are com- pletely united into a com- mon column or gynoste- mium. The three thousand species are found in ''all climates and in all situ Stock Photo

RMRDTTRP–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. ORGHIDALES. 469 the minute seeds containing a rudimentary embryo and no endosperm. Order Apostasiacese, a small order of East Indian plants, which are Interesting because of their evident relationship to tlie S ^. Orchids, from which they ''^ /" . >*'^n differ in having the style partially free from the sta- mens. Order Orchidacese. — The Orchids. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants, whose stamens and style are com- pletely united into a com- mon column or gynoste- mium. The three thousand species are found in ''all climates and in all situ

RMRDGW9M–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. 272 ESSENTIALS OF BOTANY. of aquatic plants, and water is absolutely necessary to ac- complish fertilization. Some liverworts are mi- nute floating plants (Fig. 188) much simpler than Mar- cAawim, others are terrestrial, I'^^M^ 1 of more complex organization than Mar- ''^ chantia. Many of the higher liverworts (Fig. 195) have leafy stems and in appear- ance slightly resemble the mosses. MNIUM, A COMMON MOSS^ 351. Occurrence.—Mnium cuspidatum is a very widely distributed moss occurring abundantly on shaded ground and espe- cially about the bases of trees

. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. Fig. 7.âCells ekom the Leaf of Elodea. X 500. 71, nucleos; j>, protoplasm, in which are embedded numerous chloro- plasts. The arrows show the direction of the movement of the protoplasm.. Fig. 8.âTwo Cells from a STAMnfAL Haib of Trades- cantia. X 300. The arrows show the direction of the movement of the proto- plasm. under a high power of the microscope. In other plants of terrestrial habit, e.g. certain cells of Tradescantia and Chelidonium, a similar streaming of the protoplasm is observable (fig. 8). Such movements are spoken Stock Photo

RMRE29BK–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. Fig. 7.âCells ekom the Leaf of Elodea. X 500. 71, nucleos; j>, protoplasm, in which are embedded numerous chloro- plasts. The arrows show the direction of the movement of the protoplasm.. Fig. 8.âTwo Cells from a STAMnfAL Haib of Trades- cantia. X 300. The arrows show the direction of the movement of the proto- plasm. under a high power of the microscope. In other plants of terrestrial habit, e.g. certain cells of Tradescantia and Chelidonium, a similar streaming of the protoplasm is observable (fig. 8). Such movements are spoken

. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. Fig. 8.âTwo Cells from a STAMnfAL Haib of Trades- cantia. X 300. The arrows show the direction of the movement of the proto- plasm. under a high power of the microscope. In other plants of terrestrial habit, e.g. certain cells of Tradescantia and Chelidonium, a similar streaming of the protoplasm is observable (fig. 8). Such movements are spoken of as "â â rotation when the current flows uni- formly round the cell, or as circu- lation when the path has a more complicated course. It has been mentioned that, with very rare excepti Stock Photo

RMRE29BE–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. Fig. 8.âTwo Cells from a STAMnfAL Haib of Trades- cantia. X 300. The arrows show the direction of the movement of the proto- plasm. under a high power of the microscope. In other plants of terrestrial habit, e.g. certain cells of Tradescantia and Chelidonium, a similar streaming of the protoplasm is observable (fig. 8). Such movements are spoken of as "â â rotation when the current flows uni- formly round the cell, or as circu- lation when the path has a more complicated course. It has been mentioned that, with very rare excepti

. Injurious insects of the farm and garden. With a chapter on beneficial insects. Insects. 80 IKJUEIOUS INSECTS into the ground, form an earthem cocoon, in which they become chrysalids, and in summer or early autumn ap- pear as moths, to continue the round of changes. There are half a dozen or more species of this terrestrial or non-climbing Cut-worms; the one chosen for illustration (fig. 50), the Greasy Cut-worm {Agrotis telifera, Harr.), is one of the most common, and will give a general idea of all. It ap- pears to attack nearly aU green cultivat- ed plants with equal avidity, and has prov Stock Photo

RMRDR6R2–. Injurious insects of the farm and garden. With a chapter on beneficial insects. Insects. 80 IKJUEIOUS INSECTS into the ground, form an earthem cocoon, in which they become chrysalids, and in summer or early autumn ap- pear as moths, to continue the round of changes. There are half a dozen or more species of this terrestrial or non-climbing Cut-worms; the one chosen for illustration (fig. 50), the Greasy Cut-worm {Agrotis telifera, Harr.), is one of the most common, and will give a general idea of all. It ap- pears to attack nearly aU green cultivat- ed plants with equal avidity, and has prov

. Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. ANGIOSPERMiE 185 complicated, is found in a number of aquatic forms allied to Naias, and also occurs in some of the terrestrial types among the aroids. In the latter (Fig. 45, A-C), while the individual flowers are often of the simplest. Fig. 45 (Lower Monocotyledons"). — A, female inflorescence of the Indian turnip (Arissema), the enveloping bract cut away at the base to show the inconspicuous flowers, fl; B, a single flower cut longitudinally to show the ovules, o: st, the papillate stigma; C, a group of male flowers, each consistin Stock Photo

RMRDTPR5–. Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. ANGIOSPERMiE 185 complicated, is found in a number of aquatic forms allied to Naias, and also occurs in some of the terrestrial types among the aroids. In the latter (Fig. 45, A-C), while the individual flowers are often of the simplest. Fig. 45 (Lower Monocotyledons"). — A, female inflorescence of the Indian turnip (Arissema), the enveloping bract cut away at the base to show the inconspicuous flowers, fl; B, a single flower cut longitudinally to show the ovules, o: st, the papillate stigma; C, a group of male flowers, each consistin

RMRDF81J–. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. 346 A NGIOSPERMA E—DICO T YLEDONES which the two styles project about i-| mm., while the two anthers are situated about a mm. below the mouth of the flower. Schulz observed gynomonoecism or gynodioecism occurring frequently or •sometimes even exclusively. The terrestrial form (var. ierresin Leers) possesses short hairs on the stalks, which secrete a viscid fluid serving as a protection against creeping insects; the aquatic form (var. nutans Moench) is glabro

. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions, from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. Botany; Botany. Genus i. BLADDERWORT FAMILY. 225 Family 29. LENTIBULARIACEAE Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 686. 1847.* Bladderwort Family. Aquatic plants, or if terrestrial usually on moist ground, the leaves in a basal rosette, or borne along floating stems, or more or less root-like, or wanting. In- florescence scapose. Flowers solitary or racemose, perfect, irregular. Calyx inferior, Stock Photo

RMRDK3CY–. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions, from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. Botany; Botany. Genus i. BLADDERWORT FAMILY. 225 Family 29. LENTIBULARIACEAE Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 686. 1847.* Bladderwort Family. Aquatic plants, or if terrestrial usually on moist ground, the leaves in a basal rosette, or borne along floating stems, or more or less root-like, or wanting. In- florescence scapose. Flowers solitary or racemose, perfect, irregular. Calyx inferior,

. The fern allies of North America north of Mexico. Pteridophyta; Botany. 254 THE TERRESTRIAL QUILLWORTS. brown, 22/^ to 35 z' long. This form was found in the vicinity of San Diego, California, and has since been dis- covered in Lower California. It grows in the evanescent pools mentioned as the habitat of Pihilaria Americana, and, like that plant, it disappears soon after the pools dry up. When, through lack of winter rains, the pools do not appear, the plants remain dormant sometimes for two years or more in succession. Isoeies Minima. This diminutive species, with leaves from one to two in Stock Photo

RMRDTNPX–. The fern allies of North America north of Mexico. Pteridophyta; Botany. 254 THE TERRESTRIAL QUILLWORTS. brown, 22/^ to 35 z' long. This form was found in the vicinity of San Diego, California, and has since been dis- covered in Lower California. It grows in the evanescent pools mentioned as the habitat of Pihilaria Americana, and, like that plant, it disappears soon after the pools dry up. When, through lack of winter rains, the pools do not appear, the plants remain dormant sometimes for two years or more in succession. Isoeies Minima. This diminutive species, with leaves from one to two in

. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. THE AERATION OF PLANTS 109 stomata are placed upon the upper surface, and afford its only means of entrance. The stems and roots are also cut off from air by being placed either in water or in mud. The protoplasts of such a plant are almost entirely dependent upon the reservoir of air which the body of the plant can contain, a small quantity only entering by diffusion from the water into its epidermal cells. The air cavities which arise in the stems of terrestrial. Fig. 77j.—JPoktion of Aerial Stem of Equisetum. a, cortical lacuna; b Stock Photo

RMRDYHXC–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. THE AERATION OF PLANTS 109 stomata are placed upon the upper surface, and afford its only means of entrance. The stems and roots are also cut off from air by being placed either in water or in mud. The protoplasts of such a plant are almost entirely dependent upon the reservoir of air which the body of the plant can contain, a small quantity only entering by diffusion from the water into its epidermal cells. The air cavities which arise in the stems of terrestrial. Fig. 77j.—JPoktion of Aerial Stem of Equisetum. a, cortical lacuna; b

. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. OBCHIDALES. 469 the minute seeds containing a rudimentary embryo and no endosperm. Order Apostasiacese, a small order of East Indian plants, which are Interesting because of their evident relationship to the B ^^ ^ -" Orchids, from which they aJ^^/ , >?<^^ differ in having the style partially free from the sta- mens. Order Orchidacese. — The Orchids. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants, whose stamens and style are com- pletely united into a com- mon column or gynoate- mium. The three thousand species are found in " all climates and in Stock Photo

RMRDW9DH–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. OBCHIDALES. 469 the minute seeds containing a rudimentary embryo and no endosperm. Order Apostasiacese, a small order of East Indian plants, which are Interesting because of their evident relationship to the B ^^ ^ -" Orchids, from which they aJ^^/ , >?<^^ differ in having the style partially free from the sta- mens. Order Orchidacese. — The Orchids. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants, whose stamens and style are com- pletely united into a com- mon column or gynoate- mium. The three thousand species are found in " all climates and in

RMRDG48C–. Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. ANGIOSPEKM^ 185 complicated, is found in a number of aquatic forms allied to Naias, and also occurs in some of the terrestrial types among the aroids. In the latter (Fig. 45, A-C), while the individual flowers are often of the simplest. Fig. 45 (Lower Monocotyledons). — A, female inflorescence of the Indian turnip (Arisaema), the enveloping bract cut avray at the base to show the inconspicuous flowers, yi; B, a single flower cut longitudinally to show the OTUles, o; st, the papillate stigma; C, a group of male flowers, each consisting of f

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