. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. PRINCIPLES OF THE GRoWTti OP TREES. branches, and are simple, as in the common thorn; or branched, as in the honey-locust. Ungrafted pear-trees often present all the intermediate forms between perfect branches and perfect thorns. Prickles grow only from the bark, and when the bark is stripped off they are all taken off with it, but thorns remain attached to the wood. Buds are of two kinds, leaf sm&. flower. The former grow into branches, the latte
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. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. PRINCIPLES OF THE GRoWTti OP TREES. branches, and are simple, as in the common thorn; or branched, as in the honey-locust. Ungrafted pear-trees often present all the intermediate forms between perfect branches and perfect thorns. Prickles grow only from the bark, and when the bark is stripped off they are all taken off with it, but thorns remain attached to the wood. Buds are of two kinds, leaf sm&. flower. The former grow into branches, the latter produce fruit. To distinguish these buds is of great importance to the cultivator of fruit-trees. Fig. 3 represents a portion of the branch of a pear-tree; b, b, b are flower or fruit- buds on the extremities of short spurs termed fruit- spurs, and ^ is a leaf-bud on a one-year's shoot. Fig. 4 exhibits these two kinds of buds as seen on the cherry, b, b, being the round fruit- buds, and c, c, the sharper leaf-buds. Causes of this Difference.— When young trees grow rapidly, all their buds are leaf-buds; when they be- come older and grow more slowly, many of them be- come flower or fruit buds. One is the result of rapid and the other of slow growth. Check the growth of a young tree by transplanting it, or by root- pruning, or by neglecting cultivation, or allowing it to grow with grass, and many fruit-buds will be found upon it, and it will bear early. But as the growth is unnaturally enfeebled, the fruit is not always of the best quality. The natural di- minution of vigor from increased age furnishes better fruit. Fruit-buds are likewise produced by checking the free flow of the sap in grafting on dissimilar stocks; as, for example, the pear on the quince, producing dwarf pear-trees. The fruit- spurs shown by b. Fig. 3, are nothing more than short shoots, originally produced from leaf-buds, but which, mak- ing little growth, have beconje fruit-bearers. The vigorous, . B{ Fig.