The California fruits and how to grow them; . o « 200 CEMENT IN IRRIGATION 201 Avhich too deep use of the subsoiler has admitted the water ata point too low for best results to the tree which grows on a leachysubsoil, and the cutting of roots by the subsoiler has in some casesbrought shallow-rooting trees into temporary distress. The gen-eral conclusion, however, is that deeper introduction of water favorsdeeper rooting and is very economical of water by preventing theloss by evaporation from the surface, which, theoretically, is dry,but which actually, with shallow furrows over an irrigation
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The California fruits and how to grow them; . o « 200 CEMENT IN IRRIGATION 201 Avhich too deep use of the subsoiler has admitted the water ata point too low for best results to the tree which grows on a leachysubsoil, and the cutting of roots by the subsoiler has in some casesbrought shallow-rooting trees into temporary distress. The gen-eral conclusion, however, is that deeper introduction of water favorsdeeper rooting and is very economical of water by preventing theloss by evaporation from the surface, which, theoretically, is dry, but which actually, with shallow furrows over an irrigation hard-pan, becomes too often saturated over nearly the whole spacebetween the trees.. Continuous cement flume with weirs to raise water to outlet tubes. Cement Pipes and Flumes for the Furrow System.—The use ofcement in the construction of flumes has largely increased because, by means of locally devised machinery, continuous cement flumehas been cheapened so that its first cost is less than that of lumberflume where suitably durable lumber is high. Similar machineryis used for the construction of continuous cement pipe, which isreplacing open laterals in carrying water from main ditches tothe land of individual irrigators. This pipe is made by a machineconstructed by two Riverside men who are both machinists andpractical orchardists. Sand and barrels of cement are distributedalong the line ahead of the machine, as shown in the backgroundof the picture. The mixing is done in fiat boxes, each beingcarried forward when emptied. One of the lines of large rubber 202 CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THEM hose conveys steam to the head of the cylinder of the machineand the ot