The physical geography of New York state . 81, 131-146; same,XXXVII, 1888, 197-199; Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., I, 1889, 65-70: Quart. Journ. Geol.Soc., XLVI, 1890, 523-533; Amer. Geol., VII, 1891, 86-97; Pop. Sci. Mon., XLIX,1896, 157-172; Amer. Geol.. XXI, 1898, 110-123. A number of Spencers papers arerepublished in the appendix of the llth Annual Rept. of the Niagara Reservation Com-mission, 1895. Some of Spencers other papers (p. 245), refer to this view of the pre-glacial drainage. Origin of 11t> f tin J,s 229 the Mississippi River.1 Our knowledge of the Canadianregion is too limited to pe
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The physical geography of New York state . 81, 131-146; same, XXXVII, 1888, 197-199; Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., I, 1889, 65-70: Quart. Journ. Geol.Soc., XLVI, 1890, 523-533; Amer. Geol., VII, 1891, 86-97; Pop. Sci. Mon., XLIX, 1896, 157-172; Amer. Geol.. XXI, 1898, 110-123. A number of Spencers papers arerepublished in the appendix of the llth Annual Rept. of the Niagara Reservation Com-mission, 1895. Some of Spencers other papers (p. 245), refer to this view of the pre-glacial drainage. Origin of 11t> f tin J, s 229 the Mississippi River.1 Our knowledge of the Canadianregion is too limited to permit the assumption that noneof the drainage found its way northward in prcglacialtimes. Thus it is seen that, while we know that there wen-valleys in preglacial times, there is no consensus of opinionas to their course. On the part of some it has been acommon assumption that the buried valleys discovered inborings are all preglacial; but by others it has bem sug-gested that some of them are iuterglacial. For instanc.-.. KM;. 124. Grabaus interpretation of tin- original consequent i Ira inline <•(western New York. (New York State Museum, Bulletin N... I... r.l Newberry2 says that tlie prcglacial valleys havinir beenenlarged, were later connected by canyons, and againoccupied by ice, and finally by drift, rphanr1 explains 1 See, for instance. Russell, Lukes Iiam, Anier. (ieol., XVIII, lh!Mi. Ki.i-177; Hull. <ieol. Boc. Amer., VIII. ls.»7. C. 13. - Iroc. Amer. Ihil. Sor., XX, 1882-83, .i 95. v< • also Hershey, Amer. iie..i., XII. iwci. :, H-:r2:t. •Hull. Geol. Soc. Amer., VIII. is-.i7. c, l.:. 230 The Physical Geography of New York State the narrow and deep cany on-like buried valleys as a resultof the uplift which preceded the glacial period. From this maze of conflicting opinions it is difficult todetermine upon the correct explanation. One point seemsfairly clear—that the preglacial valleys were not as deepas the present ones. The lake basin