. Yarn and cloth making; an economic study; a college and normal schools text preliminary to fabric study, and a reference for teachers of industrial history and art in secondary and elementary schools. Fig. 21. — Arkwrights First Water Frame, 1770 The first spinning contrivance where all three processes are mechan-ical and continuous.. Fig. 22. — Arkwrights Improved Water Frame Built on the principle of the Saxony Wheel, but with an improved method of rollerdrafting. Above, draft rollers. Below, flyer spindles. Left, wheel which propelsthe entire mechanism. SPINNING TYPES 57 Process—^ Drawing
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. Yarn and cloth making; an economic study; a college and normal schools text preliminary to fabric study, and a reference for teachers of industrial history and art in secondary and elementary schools. Fig. 21. — Arkwrights First Water Frame, 1770 The first spinning contrivance where all three processes are mechan-ical and continuous.. Fig. 22. — Arkwrights Improved Water Frame Built on the principle of the Saxony Wheel, but with an improved method of rollerdrafting. Above, draft rollers. Below, flyer spindles. Left, wheel which propelsthe entire mechanism. SPINNING TYPES 57 Process—^ Drawing by rollers (12).Twisting by spindle-flyer.Winding by spindle-bobbin. 1. Creel filled with rove bobbins, rove passed to drawing rollers. 2. Cog-wheel, shaft and drum set all parts of frame in motion. 3. Rove drawn as it passes between successive pairs of rollers moving at increased speeds (8, 8g). 4. Spindle twists drawn rove as it comes from last drawing roller and winds twisted yarn onbobbin (9, 9e, f, 10, lOg, h). Economic Gain In production: Mechanical working of all processes. Union of all parts in concerted action. Automatically winding spindle.In product: Not very fine yarn. Hard twist, suitable for warp. Strong and even yarn from improved attenuation bydrawing. BIBLIOGRAPHY I Baines, E. Cotton manufacture, 147.I Bark